1 [[!meta title="Linux kernel hardening"]]
3 * Corresponding ticket: [[!tails_ticket 7649]]
5 The GNU/Linux kernel is currently a stock Debian GNU/Linux kernel. Using the paxtest tool, we can test techniques for exploitation. The default kernel without grsec is less than secure but we should never do worse than what is currently documented on this page. With each release of Tails, we should update this page.
8 The Amnesic Incognito Live System
12 2cb0ccacbf3cffde533cb09699b6b8e916b89c2d
17 uname -a;paxtest kiddie
18 Linux amnesia 3.12-1-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 3.12.9-1 (2014-02-01) x86_64 GNU/Linux
19 PaXtest - Copyright(c) 2003,2004 by Peter Busser <peter@adamantix.org>
20 Released under the GNU Public Licence version 2 or later
22 Writing output to paxtest.log
23 It may take a while for the tests to complete
25 PaXtest - Copyright(c) 2003,2004 by Peter Busser <peter@adamantix.org>
26 Released under the GNU Public Licence version 2 or later
29 Linux amnesia 3.12-1-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 3.12.9-1 (2014-02-01) x86_64 GNU/Linux
31 Executable anonymous mapping : Killed
32 Executable bss : Killed
33 Executable data : Killed
34 Executable heap : Killed
35 Executable stack : Killed
36 Executable anonymous mapping (mprotect) : Vulnerable
37 Executable bss (mprotect) : Vulnerable
38 Executable data (mprotect) : Vulnerable
39 Executable heap (mprotect) : Vulnerable
40 Executable shared library bss (mprotect) : Vulnerable
41 Executable shared library data (mprotect): Vulnerable
42 Executable stack (mprotect) : Vulnerable
43 Anonymous mapping randomisation test : 9 bits (guessed)
44 Heap randomisation test (ET_EXEC) : 13 bits (guessed)
45 Heap randomisation test (ET_DYN) : 16 bits (guessed)
46 Main executable randomisation (ET_EXEC) : 10 bits (guessed)
47 Main executable randomisation (ET_DYN) : 10 bits (guessed)
48 Shared library randomisation test : 10 bits (guessed)
49 Stack randomisation test (SEGMEXEC) : 19 bits (guessed)
50 Stack randomisation test (PAGEEXEC) : 19 bits (guessed)
51 Return to function (strcpy) : Vulnerable
52 Return to function (strcpy, RANDEXEC) : Vulnerable
53 Return to function (memcpy) : Vulnerable
54 Return to function (memcpy, RANDEXEC) : Vulnerable
55 Executable shared library bss : Killed
56 Executable shared library data : Killed
57 Writable text segments : Vulnerable
59 amnesia@amnesia:~$ uname -a;paxtest blackhat
60 Linux amnesia 3.12-1-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 3.12.9-1 (2014-02-01) x86_64 GNU/Linux
61 PaXtest - Copyright(c) 2003,2004 by Peter Busser <peter@adamantix.org>
62 Released under the GNU Public Licence version 2 or later
64 Writing output to paxtest.log
65 It may take a while for the tests to complete
67 PaXtest - Copyright(c) 2003,2004 by Peter Busser <peter@adamantix.org>
68 Released under the GNU Public Licence version 2 or later
71 Linux amnesia 3.12-1-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 3.12.9-1 (2014-02-01) x86_64 GNU/Linux
73 Executable anonymous mapping : Killed
74 Executable bss : Killed
75 Executable data : Killed
76 Executable heap : Killed
77 Executable stack : Killed
78 Executable anonymous mapping (mprotect) : Vulnerable
79 Executable bss (mprotect) : Vulnerable
80 Executable data (mprotect) : Vulnerable
81 Executable heap (mprotect) : Vulnerable
82 Executable shared library bss (mprotect) : Vulnerable
83 Executable shared library data (mprotect): Vulnerable
84 Executable stack (mprotect) : Vulnerable
85 Anonymous mapping randomisation test : 9 bits (guessed)
86 Heap randomisation test (ET_EXEC) : 13 bits (guessed)
87 Heap randomisation test (ET_DYN) : 16 bits (guessed)
88 Main executable randomisation (ET_EXEC) : 10 bits (guessed)
89 Main executable randomisation (ET_DYN) : 10 bits (guessed)
90 Shared library randomisation test : 10 bits (guessed)
91 Stack randomisation test (SEGMEXEC) : 20 bits (guessed)
92 Stack randomisation test (PAGEEXEC) : 19 bits (guessed)
93 Return to function (strcpy) : Vulnerable
94 Return to function (strcpy, RANDEXEC) : Vulnerable
95 Return to function (memcpy) : Vulnerable
96 Return to function (memcpy, RANDEXEC) : Vulnerable
97 Executable shared library bss : Killed
98 Executable shared library data : Killed
99 Writable text segments : Vulnerable