Allow IPv6 address entry in tools>ping - Loosens valid character check
[tomato/davidwu.git] / release / src / router / openssl / crypto / rsa / rsa_ameth.c
blob2460910ab2783e5dc198e6437462a18e32f7f9b8
1 /* crypto/rsa/rsa_ameth.c */
2 /* Written by Dr Stephen N Henson (steve@openssl.org) for the OpenSSL
3 * project 2006.
4 */
5 /* ====================================================================
6 * Copyright (c) 2006 The OpenSSL Project. All rights reserved.
8 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10 * are met:
12 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
17 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
18 * distribution.
20 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this
21 * software must display the following acknowledgment:
22 * "This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project
23 * for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit. (http://www.OpenSSL.org/)"
25 * 4. The names "OpenSSL Toolkit" and "OpenSSL Project" must not be used to
26 * endorse or promote products derived from this software without
27 * prior written permission. For written permission, please contact
28 * licensing@OpenSSL.org.
30 * 5. Products derived from this software may not be called "OpenSSL"
31 * nor may "OpenSSL" appear in their names without prior written
32 * permission of the OpenSSL Project.
34 * 6. Redistributions of any form whatsoever must retain the following
35 * acknowledgment:
36 * "This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project
37 * for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit (http://www.OpenSSL.org/)"
39 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE OpenSSL PROJECT ``AS IS'' AND ANY
40 * EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
41 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
42 * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE OpenSSL PROJECT OR
43 * ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
44 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
45 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
46 * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
47 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
48 * STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
49 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED
50 * OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
51 * ====================================================================
53 * This product includes cryptographic software written by Eric Young
54 * (eay@cryptsoft.com). This product includes software written by Tim
55 * Hudson (tjh@cryptsoft.com).
59 #include <stdio.h>
60 #include "cryptlib.h"
61 #include <openssl/asn1t.h>
62 #include <openssl/x509.h>
63 #include <openssl/rsa.h>
64 #include <openssl/bn.h>
65 #ifndef OPENSSL_NO_CMS
66 #include <openssl/cms.h>
67 #endif
68 #include "asn1_locl.h"
70 static int rsa_pub_encode(X509_PUBKEY *pk, const EVP_PKEY *pkey)
72 unsigned char *penc = NULL;
73 int penclen;
74 penclen = i2d_RSAPublicKey(pkey->pkey.rsa, &penc);
75 if (penclen <= 0)
76 return 0;
77 if (X509_PUBKEY_set0_param(pk, OBJ_nid2obj(EVP_PKEY_RSA),
78 V_ASN1_NULL, NULL, penc, penclen))
79 return 1;
81 OPENSSL_free(penc);
82 return 0;
85 static int rsa_pub_decode(EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509_PUBKEY *pubkey)
87 const unsigned char *p;
88 int pklen;
89 RSA *rsa = NULL;
90 if (!X509_PUBKEY_get0_param(NULL, &p, &pklen, NULL, pubkey))
91 return 0;
92 if (!(rsa = d2i_RSAPublicKey(NULL, &p, pklen)))
94 RSAerr(RSA_F_RSA_PUB_DECODE, ERR_R_RSA_LIB);
95 return 0;
97 EVP_PKEY_assign_RSA (pkey, rsa);
98 return 1;
101 static int rsa_pub_cmp(const EVP_PKEY *a, const EVP_PKEY *b)
103 if (BN_cmp(b->pkey.rsa->n,a->pkey.rsa->n) != 0
104 || BN_cmp(b->pkey.rsa->e,a->pkey.rsa->e) != 0)
105 return 0;
106 return 1;
109 static int old_rsa_priv_decode(EVP_PKEY *pkey,
110 const unsigned char **pder, int derlen)
112 RSA *rsa;
113 if (!(rsa = d2i_RSAPrivateKey (NULL, pder, derlen)))
115 RSAerr(RSA_F_OLD_RSA_PRIV_DECODE, ERR_R_RSA_LIB);
116 return 0;
118 EVP_PKEY_assign_RSA(pkey, rsa);
119 return 1;
122 static int old_rsa_priv_encode(const EVP_PKEY *pkey, unsigned char **pder)
124 return i2d_RSAPrivateKey(pkey->pkey.rsa, pder);
127 static int rsa_priv_encode(PKCS8_PRIV_KEY_INFO *p8, const EVP_PKEY *pkey)
129 unsigned char *rk = NULL;
130 int rklen;
131 rklen = i2d_RSAPrivateKey(pkey->pkey.rsa, &rk);
133 if (rklen <= 0)
135 RSAerr(RSA_F_RSA_PRIV_ENCODE,ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
136 return 0;
139 if (!PKCS8_pkey_set0(p8, OBJ_nid2obj(NID_rsaEncryption), 0,
140 V_ASN1_NULL, NULL, rk, rklen))
142 RSAerr(RSA_F_RSA_PRIV_ENCODE,ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
143 return 0;
146 return 1;
149 static int rsa_priv_decode(EVP_PKEY *pkey, PKCS8_PRIV_KEY_INFO *p8)
151 const unsigned char *p;
152 int pklen;
153 if (!PKCS8_pkey_get0(NULL, &p, &pklen, NULL, p8))
154 return 0;
155 return old_rsa_priv_decode(pkey, &p, pklen);
158 static int int_rsa_size(const EVP_PKEY *pkey)
160 return RSA_size(pkey->pkey.rsa);
163 static int rsa_bits(const EVP_PKEY *pkey)
165 return BN_num_bits(pkey->pkey.rsa->n);
168 static void int_rsa_free(EVP_PKEY *pkey)
170 RSA_free(pkey->pkey.rsa);
174 static void update_buflen(const BIGNUM *b, size_t *pbuflen)
176 size_t i;
177 if (!b)
178 return;
179 if (*pbuflen < (i = (size_t)BN_num_bytes(b)))
180 *pbuflen = i;
183 static int do_rsa_print(BIO *bp, const RSA *x, int off, int priv)
185 char *str;
186 const char *s;
187 unsigned char *m=NULL;
188 int ret=0, mod_len = 0;
189 size_t buf_len=0;
191 update_buflen(x->n, &buf_len);
192 update_buflen(x->e, &buf_len);
194 if (priv)
196 update_buflen(x->d, &buf_len);
197 update_buflen(x->p, &buf_len);
198 update_buflen(x->q, &buf_len);
199 update_buflen(x->dmp1, &buf_len);
200 update_buflen(x->dmq1, &buf_len);
201 update_buflen(x->iqmp, &buf_len);
204 m=(unsigned char *)OPENSSL_malloc(buf_len+10);
205 if (m == NULL)
207 RSAerr(RSA_F_DO_RSA_PRINT,ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
208 goto err;
211 if (x->n != NULL)
212 mod_len = BN_num_bits(x->n);
214 if(!BIO_indent(bp,off,128))
215 goto err;
217 if (priv && x->d)
219 if (BIO_printf(bp,"Private-Key: (%d bit)\n", mod_len)
220 <= 0) goto err;
221 str = "modulus:";
222 s = "publicExponent:";
224 else
226 if (BIO_printf(bp,"Public-Key: (%d bit)\n", mod_len)
227 <= 0) goto err;
228 str = "Modulus:";
229 s= "Exponent:";
231 if (!ASN1_bn_print(bp,str,x->n,m,off)) goto err;
232 if (!ASN1_bn_print(bp,s,x->e,m,off))
233 goto err;
234 if (priv)
236 if (!ASN1_bn_print(bp,"privateExponent:",x->d,m,off))
237 goto err;
238 if (!ASN1_bn_print(bp,"prime1:",x->p,m,off))
239 goto err;
240 if (!ASN1_bn_print(bp,"prime2:",x->q,m,off))
241 goto err;
242 if (!ASN1_bn_print(bp,"exponent1:",x->dmp1,m,off))
243 goto err;
244 if (!ASN1_bn_print(bp,"exponent2:",x->dmq1,m,off))
245 goto err;
246 if (!ASN1_bn_print(bp,"coefficient:",x->iqmp,m,off))
247 goto err;
249 ret=1;
250 err:
251 if (m != NULL) OPENSSL_free(m);
252 return(ret);
255 static int rsa_pub_print(BIO *bp, const EVP_PKEY *pkey, int indent,
256 ASN1_PCTX *ctx)
258 return do_rsa_print(bp, pkey->pkey.rsa, indent, 0);
262 static int rsa_priv_print(BIO *bp, const EVP_PKEY *pkey, int indent,
263 ASN1_PCTX *ctx)
265 return do_rsa_print(bp, pkey->pkey.rsa, indent, 1);
268 static RSA_PSS_PARAMS *rsa_pss_decode(const X509_ALGOR *alg,
269 X509_ALGOR **pmaskHash)
271 const unsigned char *p;
272 int plen;
273 RSA_PSS_PARAMS *pss;
275 *pmaskHash = NULL;
277 if (!alg->parameter || alg->parameter->type != V_ASN1_SEQUENCE)
278 return NULL;
279 p = alg->parameter->value.sequence->data;
280 plen = alg->parameter->value.sequence->length;
281 pss = d2i_RSA_PSS_PARAMS(NULL, &p, plen);
283 if (!pss)
284 return NULL;
286 if (pss->maskGenAlgorithm)
288 ASN1_TYPE *param = pss->maskGenAlgorithm->parameter;
289 if (OBJ_obj2nid(pss->maskGenAlgorithm->algorithm) == NID_mgf1
290 && param->type == V_ASN1_SEQUENCE)
292 p = param->value.sequence->data;
293 plen = param->value.sequence->length;
294 *pmaskHash = d2i_X509_ALGOR(NULL, &p, plen);
298 return pss;
301 static int rsa_pss_param_print(BIO *bp, RSA_PSS_PARAMS *pss,
302 X509_ALGOR *maskHash, int indent)
304 int rv = 0;
305 if (!pss)
307 if (BIO_puts(bp, " (INVALID PSS PARAMETERS)\n") <= 0)
308 return 0;
309 return 1;
311 if (BIO_puts(bp, "\n") <= 0)
312 goto err;
313 if (!BIO_indent(bp, indent, 128))
314 goto err;
315 if (BIO_puts(bp, "Hash Algorithm: ") <= 0)
316 goto err;
318 if (pss->hashAlgorithm)
320 if (i2a_ASN1_OBJECT(bp, pss->hashAlgorithm->algorithm) <= 0)
321 goto err;
323 else if (BIO_puts(bp, "sha1 (default)") <= 0)
324 goto err;
326 if (BIO_puts(bp, "\n") <= 0)
327 goto err;
329 if (!BIO_indent(bp, indent, 128))
330 goto err;
332 if (BIO_puts(bp, "Mask Algorithm: ") <= 0)
333 goto err;
334 if (pss->maskGenAlgorithm)
336 if (i2a_ASN1_OBJECT(bp, pss->maskGenAlgorithm->algorithm) <= 0)
337 goto err;
338 if (BIO_puts(bp, " with ") <= 0)
339 goto err;
340 if (maskHash)
342 if (i2a_ASN1_OBJECT(bp, maskHash->algorithm) <= 0)
343 goto err;
345 else if (BIO_puts(bp, "INVALID") <= 0)
346 goto err;
348 else if (BIO_puts(bp, "mgf1 with sha1 (default)") <= 0)
349 goto err;
350 BIO_puts(bp, "\n");
352 if (!BIO_indent(bp, indent, 128))
353 goto err;
354 if (BIO_puts(bp, "Salt Length: ") <= 0)
355 goto err;
356 if (pss->saltLength)
358 if (i2a_ASN1_INTEGER(bp, pss->saltLength) <= 0)
359 goto err;
361 else if (BIO_puts(bp, "20 (default)") <= 0)
362 goto err;
363 BIO_puts(bp, "\n");
365 if (!BIO_indent(bp, indent, 128))
366 goto err;
367 if (BIO_puts(bp, "Trailer Field: ") <= 0)
368 goto err;
369 if (pss->trailerField)
371 if (i2a_ASN1_INTEGER(bp, pss->trailerField) <= 0)
372 goto err;
374 else if (BIO_puts(bp, "0xbc (default)") <= 0)
375 goto err;
376 BIO_puts(bp, "\n");
378 rv = 1;
380 err:
381 return rv;
385 static int rsa_sig_print(BIO *bp, const X509_ALGOR *sigalg,
386 const ASN1_STRING *sig,
387 int indent, ASN1_PCTX *pctx)
389 if (OBJ_obj2nid(sigalg->algorithm) == NID_rsassaPss)
391 int rv;
392 RSA_PSS_PARAMS *pss;
393 X509_ALGOR *maskHash;
394 pss = rsa_pss_decode(sigalg, &maskHash);
395 rv = rsa_pss_param_print(bp, pss, maskHash, indent);
396 if (pss)
397 RSA_PSS_PARAMS_free(pss);
398 if (maskHash)
399 X509_ALGOR_free(maskHash);
400 if (!rv)
401 return 0;
403 else if (!sig && BIO_puts(bp, "\n") <= 0)
404 return 0;
405 if (sig)
406 return X509_signature_dump(bp, sig, indent);
407 return 1;
410 static int rsa_pkey_ctrl(EVP_PKEY *pkey, int op, long arg1, void *arg2)
412 X509_ALGOR *alg = NULL;
413 switch (op)
416 case ASN1_PKEY_CTRL_PKCS7_SIGN:
417 if (arg1 == 0)
418 PKCS7_SIGNER_INFO_get0_algs(arg2, NULL, NULL, &alg);
419 break;
421 case ASN1_PKEY_CTRL_PKCS7_ENCRYPT:
422 if (arg1 == 0)
423 PKCS7_RECIP_INFO_get0_alg(arg2, &alg);
424 break;
425 #ifndef OPENSSL_NO_CMS
426 case ASN1_PKEY_CTRL_CMS_SIGN:
427 if (arg1 == 0)
428 CMS_SignerInfo_get0_algs(arg2, NULL, NULL, NULL, &alg);
429 break;
431 case ASN1_PKEY_CTRL_CMS_ENVELOPE:
432 if (arg1 == 0)
433 CMS_RecipientInfo_ktri_get0_algs(arg2, NULL, NULL, &alg);
434 break;
435 #endif
437 case ASN1_PKEY_CTRL_DEFAULT_MD_NID:
438 *(int *)arg2 = NID_sha1;
439 return 1;
441 default:
442 return -2;
446 if (alg)
447 X509_ALGOR_set0(alg, OBJ_nid2obj(NID_rsaEncryption),
448 V_ASN1_NULL, 0);
450 return 1;
454 /* Customised RSA item verification routine. This is called
455 * when a signature is encountered requiring special handling. We
456 * currently only handle PSS.
460 static int rsa_item_verify(EVP_MD_CTX *ctx, const ASN1_ITEM *it, void *asn,
461 X509_ALGOR *sigalg, ASN1_BIT_STRING *sig,
462 EVP_PKEY *pkey)
464 int rv = -1;
465 int saltlen;
466 const EVP_MD *mgf1md = NULL, *md = NULL;
467 RSA_PSS_PARAMS *pss;
468 X509_ALGOR *maskHash;
469 EVP_PKEY_CTX *pkctx;
470 /* Sanity check: make sure it is PSS */
471 if (OBJ_obj2nid(sigalg->algorithm) != NID_rsassaPss)
473 RSAerr(RSA_F_RSA_ITEM_VERIFY, RSA_R_UNSUPPORTED_SIGNATURE_TYPE);
474 return -1;
476 /* Decode PSS parameters */
477 pss = rsa_pss_decode(sigalg, &maskHash);
479 if (pss == NULL)
481 RSAerr(RSA_F_RSA_ITEM_VERIFY, RSA_R_INVALID_PSS_PARAMETERS);
482 goto err;
484 /* Check mask and lookup mask hash algorithm */
485 if (pss->maskGenAlgorithm)
487 if (OBJ_obj2nid(pss->maskGenAlgorithm->algorithm) != NID_mgf1)
489 RSAerr(RSA_F_RSA_ITEM_VERIFY, RSA_R_UNSUPPORTED_MASK_ALGORITHM);
490 goto err;
492 if (!maskHash)
494 RSAerr(RSA_F_RSA_ITEM_VERIFY, RSA_R_UNSUPPORTED_MASK_PARAMETER);
495 goto err;
497 mgf1md = EVP_get_digestbyobj(maskHash->algorithm);
498 if (mgf1md == NULL)
500 RSAerr(RSA_F_RSA_ITEM_VERIFY, RSA_R_UNKNOWN_MASK_DIGEST);
501 goto err;
504 else
505 mgf1md = EVP_sha1();
507 if (pss->hashAlgorithm)
509 md = EVP_get_digestbyobj(pss->hashAlgorithm->algorithm);
510 if (md == NULL)
512 RSAerr(RSA_F_RSA_ITEM_VERIFY, RSA_R_UNKNOWN_PSS_DIGEST);
513 goto err;
516 else
517 md = EVP_sha1();
519 if (pss->saltLength)
521 saltlen = ASN1_INTEGER_get(pss->saltLength);
523 /* Could perform more salt length sanity checks but the main
524 * RSA routines will trap other invalid values anyway.
526 if (saltlen < 0)
528 RSAerr(RSA_F_RSA_ITEM_VERIFY, RSA_R_INVALID_SALT_LENGTH);
529 goto err;
532 else
533 saltlen = 20;
535 /* low-level routines support only trailer field 0xbc (value 1)
536 * and PKCS#1 says we should reject any other value anyway.
538 if (pss->trailerField && ASN1_INTEGER_get(pss->trailerField) != 1)
540 RSAerr(RSA_F_RSA_ITEM_VERIFY, RSA_R_INVALID_TRAILER);
541 goto err;
544 /* We have all parameters now set up context */
546 if (!EVP_DigestVerifyInit(ctx, &pkctx, md, NULL, pkey))
547 goto err;
549 if (EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_rsa_padding(pkctx, RSA_PKCS1_PSS_PADDING) <= 0)
550 goto err;
552 if (EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_rsa_pss_saltlen(pkctx, saltlen) <= 0)
553 goto err;
555 if (EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_rsa_mgf1_md(pkctx, mgf1md) <= 0)
556 goto err;
557 /* Carry on */
558 rv = 2;
560 err:
561 RSA_PSS_PARAMS_free(pss);
562 if (maskHash)
563 X509_ALGOR_free(maskHash);
564 return rv;
567 static int rsa_item_sign(EVP_MD_CTX *ctx, const ASN1_ITEM *it, void *asn,
568 X509_ALGOR *alg1, X509_ALGOR *alg2,
569 ASN1_BIT_STRING *sig)
571 int pad_mode;
572 EVP_PKEY_CTX *pkctx = ctx->pctx;
573 if (EVP_PKEY_CTX_get_rsa_padding(pkctx, &pad_mode) <= 0)
574 return 0;
575 if (pad_mode == RSA_PKCS1_PADDING)
576 return 2;
577 if (pad_mode == RSA_PKCS1_PSS_PADDING)
579 const EVP_MD *sigmd, *mgf1md;
580 RSA_PSS_PARAMS *pss = NULL;
581 X509_ALGOR *mgf1alg = NULL;
582 ASN1_STRING *os1 = NULL, *os2 = NULL;
583 EVP_PKEY *pk = EVP_PKEY_CTX_get0_pkey(pkctx);
584 int saltlen, rv = 0;
585 sigmd = EVP_MD_CTX_md(ctx);
586 if (EVP_PKEY_CTX_get_rsa_mgf1_md(pkctx, &mgf1md) <= 0)
587 goto err;
588 if (!EVP_PKEY_CTX_get_rsa_pss_saltlen(pkctx, &saltlen))
589 goto err;
590 if (saltlen == -1)
591 saltlen = EVP_MD_size(sigmd);
592 else if (saltlen == -2)
594 saltlen = EVP_PKEY_size(pk) - EVP_MD_size(sigmd) - 2;
595 if (((EVP_PKEY_bits(pk) - 1) & 0x7) == 0)
596 saltlen--;
598 pss = RSA_PSS_PARAMS_new();
599 if (!pss)
600 goto err;
601 if (saltlen != 20)
603 pss->saltLength = ASN1_INTEGER_new();
604 if (!pss->saltLength)
605 goto err;
606 if (!ASN1_INTEGER_set(pss->saltLength, saltlen))
607 goto err;
609 if (EVP_MD_type(sigmd) != NID_sha1)
611 pss->hashAlgorithm = X509_ALGOR_new();
612 if (!pss->hashAlgorithm)
613 goto err;
614 X509_ALGOR_set_md(pss->hashAlgorithm, sigmd);
616 if (EVP_MD_type(mgf1md) != NID_sha1)
618 ASN1_STRING *stmp = NULL;
619 /* need to embed algorithm ID inside another */
620 mgf1alg = X509_ALGOR_new();
621 X509_ALGOR_set_md(mgf1alg, mgf1md);
622 if (!ASN1_item_pack(mgf1alg, ASN1_ITEM_rptr(X509_ALGOR),
623 &stmp))
624 goto err;
625 pss->maskGenAlgorithm = X509_ALGOR_new();
626 if (!pss->maskGenAlgorithm)
627 goto err;
628 X509_ALGOR_set0(pss->maskGenAlgorithm,
629 OBJ_nid2obj(NID_mgf1),
630 V_ASN1_SEQUENCE, stmp);
632 /* Finally create string with pss parameter encoding. */
633 if (!ASN1_item_pack(pss, ASN1_ITEM_rptr(RSA_PSS_PARAMS), &os1))
634 goto err;
635 if (alg2)
637 os2 = ASN1_STRING_dup(os1);
638 if (!os2)
639 goto err;
640 X509_ALGOR_set0(alg2, OBJ_nid2obj(NID_rsassaPss),
641 V_ASN1_SEQUENCE, os2);
643 X509_ALGOR_set0(alg1, OBJ_nid2obj(NID_rsassaPss),
644 V_ASN1_SEQUENCE, os1);
645 os1 = os2 = NULL;
646 rv = 3;
647 err:
648 if (mgf1alg)
649 X509_ALGOR_free(mgf1alg);
650 if (pss)
651 RSA_PSS_PARAMS_free(pss);
652 if (os1)
653 ASN1_STRING_free(os1);
654 return rv;
657 return 2;
660 const EVP_PKEY_ASN1_METHOD rsa_asn1_meths[] =
663 EVP_PKEY_RSA,
664 EVP_PKEY_RSA,
665 ASN1_PKEY_SIGPARAM_NULL,
667 "RSA",
668 "OpenSSL RSA method",
670 rsa_pub_decode,
671 rsa_pub_encode,
672 rsa_pub_cmp,
673 rsa_pub_print,
675 rsa_priv_decode,
676 rsa_priv_encode,
677 rsa_priv_print,
679 int_rsa_size,
680 rsa_bits,
682 0,0,0,0,0,0,
684 rsa_sig_print,
685 int_rsa_free,
686 rsa_pkey_ctrl,
687 old_rsa_priv_decode,
688 old_rsa_priv_encode,
689 rsa_item_verify,
690 rsa_item_sign
694 EVP_PKEY_RSA2,
695 EVP_PKEY_RSA,
696 ASN1_PKEY_ALIAS