4 =for comment openssl_manual_section:5
8 config - OpenSSL CONF library configuration files
12 The OpenSSL CONF library can be used to read configuration files.
13 It is used for the OpenSSL master configuration file B<openssl.cnf>
14 and in a few other places like B<SPKAC> files and certificate extension
15 files for the B<x509> utility. OpenSSL applications can also use the
16 CONF library for their own purposes.
18 A configuration file is divided into a number of sections. Each section
19 starts with a line B<[ section_name ]> and ends when a new section is
20 started or end of file is reached. A section name can consist of
21 alphanumeric characters and underscores.
23 The first section of a configuration file is special and is referred
24 to as the B<default> section this is usually unnamed and is from the
25 start of file until the first named section. When a name is being looked up
26 it is first looked up in a named section (if any) and then the
29 The environment is mapped onto a section called B<ENV>.
31 Comments can be included by preceding them with the B<#> character
33 Each section in a configuration file consists of a number of name and
34 value pairs of the form B<name=value>
36 The B<name> string can contain any alphanumeric characters as well as
37 a few punctuation symbols such as B<.> B<,> B<;> and B<_>.
39 The B<value> string consists of the string following the B<=> character
40 until end of line with any leading and trailing white space removed.
42 The value string undergoes variable expansion. This can be done by
43 including the form B<$var> or B<${var}>: this will substitute the value
44 of the named variable in the current section. It is also possible to
45 substitute a value from another section using the syntax B<$section::name>
46 or B<${section::name}>. By using the form B<$ENV::name> environment
47 variables can be substituted. It is also possible to assign values to
48 environment variables by using the name B<ENV::name>, this will work
49 if the program looks up environment variables using the B<CONF> library
50 instead of calling B<getenv()> directly.
52 It is possible to escape certain characters by using any kind of quote
53 or the B<\> character. By making the last character of a line a B<\>
54 a B<value> string can be spread across multiple lines. In addition
55 the sequences B<\n>, B<\r>, B<\b> and B<\t> are recognized.
57 =head1 OPENSSL LIBRARY CONFIGURATION
59 In OpenSSL 0.9.7 and later applications can automatically configure certain
60 aspects of OpenSSL using the master OpenSSL configuration file, or optionally
61 an alternative configuration file. The B<openssl> utility includes this
62 functionality: any sub command uses the master OpenSSL configuration file
63 unless an option is used in the sub command to use an alternative configuration
66 To enable library configuration the default section needs to contain an
67 appropriate line which points to the main configuration section. The default
68 name is B<openssl_conf> which is used by the B<openssl> utility. Other
69 applications may use an alternative name such as B<myapplicaton_conf>.
71 The configuration section should consist of a set of name value pairs which
72 contain specific module configuration information. The B<name> represents
73 the name of the I<configuration module> the meaning of the B<value> is
74 module specific: it may, for example, represent a further configuration
75 section containing configuration module specific information. E.g.
77 openssl_conf = openssl_init
81 oid_section = new_oids
82 engines = engine_section
90 ... engine stuff here ...
92 Currently there are two configuration modules. One for ASN1 objects another
93 for ENGINE configuration.
95 =head2 ASN1 OBJECT CONFIGURATION MODULE
97 This module has the name B<oid_section>. The value of this variable points
98 to a section containing name value pairs of OIDs: the name is the OID short
99 and long name, the value is the numerical form of the OID. Although some of
100 the B<openssl> utility sub commands already have their own ASN1 OBJECT section
101 functionality not all do. By using the ASN1 OBJECT configuration module
102 B<all> the B<openssl> utility sub commands can see the new objects as well
103 as any compliant applications. For example:
107 some_new_oid = 1.2.3.4
108 some_other_oid = 1.2.3.5
110 In OpenSSL 0.9.8 it is also possible to set the value to the long name followed
111 by a comma and the numerical OID form. For example:
113 shortName = some object long name, 1.2.3.4
115 =head2 ENGINE CONFIGURATION MODULE
117 This ENGINE configuration module has the name B<engines>. The value of this
118 variable points to a section containing further ENGINE configuration
121 The section pointed to by B<engines> is a table of engine names (though see
122 B<engine_id> below) and further sections containing configuration informations
123 specific to each ENGINE.
125 Each ENGINE specific section is used to set default algorithms, load
126 dynamic, perform initialization and send ctrls. The actual operation performed
127 depends on the I<command> name which is the name of the name value pair. The
128 currently supported commands are listed below.
134 # Configure ENGINE named "foo"
136 # Configure ENGINE named "bar"
140 ... foo ENGINE specific commands ...
143 ... "bar" ENGINE specific commands ...
145 The command B<engine_id> is used to give the ENGINE name. If used this
146 command must be first. For example:
149 # This would normally handle an ENGINE named "foo"
153 # Override default name and use "myfoo" instead.
156 The command B<dynamic_path> loads and adds an ENGINE from the given path. It
157 is equivalent to sending the ctrls B<SO_PATH> with the path argument followed
158 by B<LIST_ADD> with value 2 and B<LOAD> to the dynamic ENGINE. If this is
159 not the required behaviour then alternative ctrls can be sent directly
160 to the dynamic ENGINE using ctrl commands.
162 The command B<init> determines whether to initialize the ENGINE. If the value
163 is B<0> the ENGINE will not be initialized, if B<1> and attempt it made to
164 initialized the ENGINE immediately. If the B<init> command is not present
165 then an attempt will be made to initialize the ENGINE after all commands in
166 its section have been processed.
168 The command B<default_algorithms> sets the default algorithms an ENGINE will
169 supply using the functions B<ENGINE_set_default_string()>
171 If the name matches none of the above command names it is assumed to be a
172 ctrl command which is sent to the ENGINE. The value of the command is the
173 argument to the ctrl command. If the value is the string B<EMPTY> then no
174 value is sent to the command.
181 # Configure ENGINE named "foo"
185 # Load engine from DSO
186 dynamic_path = /some/path/fooengine.so
187 # A foo specific ctrl.
188 some_ctrl = some_value
189 # Another ctrl that doesn't take a value.
191 # Supply all default algorithms
192 default_algorithms = ALL
196 If a configuration file attempts to expand a variable that doesn't exist
197 then an error is flagged and the file will not load. This can happen
198 if an attempt is made to expand an environment variable that doesn't
199 exist. For example in a previous version of OpenSSL the default OpenSSL
200 master configuration file used the value of B<HOME> which may not be
201 defined on non Unix systems and would cause an error.
203 This can be worked around by including a B<default> section to provide
204 a default value: then if the environment lookup fails the default value
205 will be used instead. For this to work properly the default value must
206 be defined earlier in the configuration file than the expansion. See
207 the B<EXAMPLES> section for an example of how to do this.
209 If the same variable exists in the same section then all but the last
210 value will be silently ignored. In certain circumstances such as with
211 DNs the same field may occur multiple times. This is usually worked
212 around by ignoring any characters before an initial B<.> e.g.
219 Here is a sample configuration file using some of the features
222 # This is the default section.
225 RANDFILE= ${ENV::HOME}/.rnd
226 configdir=$ENV::HOME/config
230 # We are now in section one.
232 # Quotes permit leading and trailing whitespace
233 any = " any variable name "
235 other = A string that can \
236 cover several lines \
237 by including \\ characters
239 message = Hello World\n
243 greeting = $section_one::message
245 This next example shows how to expand environment variables safely.
247 Suppose you want a variable called B<tmpfile> to refer to a
248 temporary filename. The directory it is placed in can determined by
249 the the B<TEMP> or B<TMP> environment variables but they may not be
250 set to any value at all. If you just include the environment variable
251 names and the variable doesn't exist then this will cause an error when
252 an attempt is made to load the configuration file. By making use of the
253 default section both values can be looked up with B<TEMP> taking
254 priority and B</tmp> used if neither is defined:
257 # The above value is used if TMP isn't in the environment
259 # The above value is used if TEMP isn't in the environment
260 tmpfile=${ENV::TEMP}/tmp.filename
264 Currently there is no way to include characters using the octal B<\nnn>
265 form. Strings are all null terminated so nulls cannot form part of
268 The escaping isn't quite right: if you want to use sequences like B<\n>
269 you can't use any quote escaping on the same line.
271 Files are loaded in a single pass. This means that an variable expansion
272 will only work if the variables referenced are defined earlier in the
277 L<x509(1)|x509(1)>, L<req(1)|req(1)>, L<ca(1)|ca(1)>