30 The B<ec> command processes EC keys. They can be converted between various
31 forms and their components printed out. B<Note> OpenSSL uses the
32 private key format specified in 'SEC 1: Elliptic Curve Cryptography'
33 (http://www.secg.org/). To convert a OpenSSL EC private key into the
34 PKCS#8 private key format use the B<pkcs8> command.
36 =head1 COMMAND OPTIONS
40 =item B<-inform DER|PEM>
42 This specifies the input format. The B<DER> option with a private key uses
43 an ASN.1 DER encoded SEC1 private key. When used with a public key it
44 uses the SubjectPublicKeyInfo structur as specified in RFC 3280.
45 The B<PEM> form is the default format: it consists of the B<DER> format base64
46 encoded with additional header and footer lines. In the case of a private key
47 PKCS#8 format is also accepted.
49 =item B<-outform DER|PEM>
51 This specifies the output format, the options have the same meaning as the
56 This specifies the input filename to read a key from or standard input if this
57 option is not specified. If the key is encrypted a pass phrase will be
62 the input file password source. For more information about the format of B<arg>
63 see the B<PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS> section in L<openssl(1)|openssl(1)>.
65 =item B<-out filename>
67 This specifies the output filename to write a key to or standard output by
68 is not specified. If any encryption options are set then a pass phrase will be
69 prompted for. The output filename should B<not> be the same as the input
74 the output file password source. For more information about the format of B<arg>
75 see the B<PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS> section in L<openssl(1)|openssl(1)>.
77 =item B<-des|-des3|-idea>
79 These options encrypt the private key with the DES, triple DES, IDEA or
80 any other cipher supported by OpenSSL before outputting it. A pass phrase is
82 If none of these options is specified the key is written in plain text. This
83 means that using the B<ec> utility to read in an encrypted key with no
84 encryption option can be used to remove the pass phrase from a key, or by
85 setting the encryption options it can be use to add or change the pass phrase.
86 These options can only be used with PEM format output files.
90 prints out the public, private key components and parameters.
94 this option prevents output of the encoded version of the key.
98 this option prints out the value of the public key component of the key.
102 by default a private key is read from the input file: with this option a
103 public key is read instead.
107 by default a private key is output. With this option a public
108 key will be output instead. This option is automatically set if the input is
113 This specifies how the points on the elliptic curve are converted
114 into octet strings. Possible values are: B<compressed> (the default
115 value), B<uncompressed> and B<hybrid>. For more information regarding
116 the point conversion forms please read the X9.62 standard.
117 B<Note> Due to patent issues the B<compressed> option is disabled
118 by default for binary curves and can be enabled by defining
119 the preprocessor macro B<OPENSSL_EC_BIN_PT_COMP> at compile time.
121 =item B<-param_enc arg>
123 This specifies how the elliptic curve parameters are encoded.
124 Possible value are: B<named_curve>, i.e. the ec parameters are
125 specified by a OID, or B<explicit> where the ec parameters are
126 explicitly given (see RFC 3279 for the definition of the
127 EC parameters structures). The default value is B<named_curve>.
128 B<Note> the B<implicitlyCA> alternative ,as specified in RFC 3279,
129 is currently not implemented in OpenSSL.
133 specifying an engine (by its unique B<id> string) will cause B<ec>
134 to attempt to obtain a functional reference to the specified engine,
135 thus initialising it if needed. The engine will then be set as the default
136 for all available algorithms.
142 The PEM private key format uses the header and footer lines:
144 -----BEGIN EC PRIVATE KEY-----
145 -----END EC PRIVATE KEY-----
147 The PEM public key format uses the header and footer lines:
149 -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
150 -----END PUBLIC KEY-----
154 To encrypt a private key using triple DES:
156 openssl ec -in key.pem -des3 -out keyout.pem
158 To convert a private key from PEM to DER format:
160 openssl ec -in key.pem -outform DER -out keyout.der
162 To print out the components of a private key to standard output:
164 openssl ec -in key.pem -text -noout
166 To just output the public part of a private key:
168 openssl ec -in key.pem -pubout -out pubkey.pem
170 To change the parameters encoding to B<explicit>:
172 openssl ec -in key.pem -param_enc explicit -out keyout.pem
174 To change the point conversion form to B<compressed>:
176 openssl ec -in key.pem -conv_form compressed -out keyout.pem
180 L<ecparam(1)|ecparam(1)>, L<dsa(1)|dsa(1)>, L<rsa(1)|rsa(1)>
184 The ec command was first introduced in OpenSSL 0.9.8.
188 Nils Larsch for the OpenSSL project (http://www.openssl.org).