5 enc - symmetric cipher routines
9 B<openssl enc -ciphername>
36 The symmetric cipher commands allow data to be encrypted or decrypted
37 using various block and stream ciphers using keys based on passwords
38 or explicitly provided. Base64 encoding or decoding can also be performed
39 either by itself or in addition to the encryption or decryption.
47 the input filename, standard input by default.
49 =item B<-out filename>
51 the output filename, standard output by default.
55 the password source. For more information about the format of B<arg>
56 see the B<PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS> section in L<openssl(1)|openssl(1)>.
60 use a salt in the key derivation routines. This is the default.
64 don't use a salt in the key derivation routines. This option B<SHOULD NOT> be
65 used except for test purposes or compatibility with ancient versions of OpenSSL
70 encrypt the input data: this is the default.
74 decrypt the input data.
78 base64 process the data. This means that if encryption is taking place
79 the data is base64 encoded after encryption. If decryption is set then
80 the input data is base64 decoded before being decrypted.
88 if the B<-a> option is set then base64 process the data on one line.
92 the password to derive the key from. This is for compatibility with previous
93 versions of OpenSSL. Superseded by the B<-pass> argument.
95 =item B<-kfile filename>
97 read the password to derive the key from the first line of B<filename>.
98 This is for compatibility with previous versions of OpenSSL. Superseded by
99 the B<-pass> argument.
107 use salt (randomly generated or provide with B<-S> option) when
108 encrypting (this is the default).
112 the actual salt to use: this must be represented as a string of hex digits.
116 the actual key to use: this must be represented as a string comprised only
117 of hex digits. If only the key is specified, the IV must additionally specified
118 using the B<-iv> option. When both a key and a password are specified, the
119 key given with the B<-K> option will be used and the IV generated from the
120 password will be taken. It probably does not make much sense to specify
121 both key and password.
125 the actual IV to use: this must be represented as a string comprised only
126 of hex digits. When only the key is specified using the B<-K> option, the
127 IV must explicitly be defined. When a password is being specified using
128 one of the other options, the IV is generated from this password.
132 print out the key and IV used.
136 print out the key and IV used then immediately exit: don't do any encryption
139 =item B<-bufsize number>
141 set the buffer size for I/O
145 disable standard block padding
149 debug the BIOs used for I/O.
153 Compress or decompress clear text using zlib before encryption or after
154 decryption. This option exists only if OpenSSL with compiled with zlib
155 or zlib-dynamic option.
159 Use NULL cipher (no encryption or decryption of input).
165 The program can be called either as B<openssl ciphername> or
166 B<openssl enc -ciphername>. But the first form doesn't work with
167 engine-provided ciphers, because this form is processed before the
168 configuration file is read and any ENGINEs loaded.
170 Engines which provide entirely new encryption algorithms (such as ccgost
171 engine which provides gost89 algorithm) should be configured in the
172 configuration file. Engines, specified in the command line using -engine
173 options can only be used for hadrware-assisted implementations of
174 ciphers, which are supported by OpenSSL core or other engine, specified
175 in the configuration file.
177 When enc command lists supported ciphers, ciphers provided by engines,
178 specified in the configuration files are listed too.
180 A password will be prompted for to derive the key and IV if necessary.
182 The B<-salt> option should B<ALWAYS> be used if the key is being derived
183 from a password unless you want compatibility with previous versions of
186 Without the B<-salt> option it is possible to perform efficient dictionary
187 attacks on the password and to attack stream cipher encrypted data. The reason
188 for this is that without the salt the same password always generates the same
189 encryption key. When the salt is being used the first eight bytes of the
190 encrypted data are reserved for the salt: it is generated at random when
191 encrypting a file and read from the encrypted file when it is decrypted.
193 Some of the ciphers do not have large keys and others have security
194 implications if not used correctly. A beginner is advised to just use
195 a strong block cipher in CBC mode such as bf or des3.
197 All the block ciphers normally use PKCS#5 padding also known as standard block
198 padding: this allows a rudimentary integrity or password check to be
199 performed. However since the chance of random data passing the test is
200 better than 1 in 256 it isn't a very good test.
202 If padding is disabled then the input data must be a multiple of the cipher
205 All RC2 ciphers have the same key and effective key length.
207 Blowfish and RC5 algorithms use a 128 bit key.
209 =head1 SUPPORTED CIPHERS
211 Note that some of these ciphers can be disabled at compile time
212 and some are available only if an appropriate engine is configured
213 in the configuration file. The output of the B<enc> command run with
214 unsupported options (for example B<openssl enc -help>) includes a
215 list of ciphers, supported by your versesion of OpenSSL, including
216 ones provided by configured engines.
221 bf-cbc Blowfish in CBC mode
223 bf-cfb Blowfish in CFB mode
224 bf-ecb Blowfish in ECB mode
225 bf-ofb Blowfish in OFB mode
227 cast-cbc CAST in CBC mode
228 cast Alias for cast-cbc
229 cast5-cbc CAST5 in CBC mode
230 cast5-cfb CAST5 in CFB mode
231 cast5-ecb CAST5 in ECB mode
232 cast5-ofb CAST5 in OFB mode
234 des-cbc DES in CBC mode
235 des Alias for des-cbc
236 des-cfb DES in CBC mode
237 des-ofb DES in OFB mode
238 des-ecb DES in ECB mode
240 des-ede-cbc Two key triple DES EDE in CBC mode
241 des-ede Two key triple DES EDE in ECB mode
242 des-ede-cfb Two key triple DES EDE in CFB mode
243 des-ede-ofb Two key triple DES EDE in OFB mode
245 des-ede3-cbc Three key triple DES EDE in CBC mode
246 des-ede3 Three key triple DES EDE in ECB mode
247 des3 Alias for des-ede3-cbc
248 des-ede3-cfb Three key triple DES EDE CFB mode
249 des-ede3-ofb Three key triple DES EDE in OFB mode
253 gost89 GOST 28147-89 in CFB mode (provided by ccgost engine)
254 gost89-cnt `GOST 28147-89 in CNT mode (provided by ccgost engine)
256 idea-cbc IDEA algorithm in CBC mode
257 idea same as idea-cbc
258 idea-cfb IDEA in CFB mode
259 idea-ecb IDEA in ECB mode
260 idea-ofb IDEA in OFB mode
262 rc2-cbc 128 bit RC2 in CBC mode
263 rc2 Alias for rc2-cbc
264 rc2-cfb 128 bit RC2 in CFB mode
265 rc2-ecb 128 bit RC2 in ECB mode
266 rc2-ofb 128 bit RC2 in OFB mode
267 rc2-64-cbc 64 bit RC2 in CBC mode
268 rc2-40-cbc 40 bit RC2 in CBC mode
274 rc5-cbc RC5 cipher in CBC mode
275 rc5 Alias for rc5-cbc
276 rc5-cfb RC5 cipher in CFB mode
277 rc5-ecb RC5 cipher in ECB mode
278 rc5-ofb RC5 cipher in OFB mode
280 aes-[128|192|256]-cbc 128/192/256 bit AES in CBC mode
281 aes-[128|192|256] Alias for aes-[128|192|256]-cbc
282 aes-[128|192|256]-cfb 128/192/256 bit AES in 128 bit CFB mode
283 aes-[128|192|256]-cfb1 128/192/256 bit AES in 1 bit CFB mode
284 aes-[128|192|256]-cfb8 128/192/256 bit AES in 8 bit CFB mode
285 aes-[128|192|256]-ecb 128/192/256 bit AES in ECB mode
286 aes-[128|192|256]-ofb 128/192/256 bit AES in OFB mode
290 Just base64 encode a binary file:
292 openssl base64 -in file.bin -out file.b64
296 openssl base64 -d -in file.b64 -out file.bin
298 Encrypt a file using triple DES in CBC mode using a prompted password:
300 openssl des3 -salt -in file.txt -out file.des3
302 Decrypt a file using a supplied password:
304 openssl des3 -d -salt -in file.des3 -out file.txt -k mypassword
306 Encrypt a file then base64 encode it (so it can be sent via mail for example)
307 using Blowfish in CBC mode:
309 openssl bf -a -salt -in file.txt -out file.bf
311 Base64 decode a file then decrypt it:
313 openssl bf -d -salt -a -in file.bf -out file.txt
315 Decrypt some data using a supplied 40 bit RC4 key:
317 openssl rc4-40 -in file.rc4 -out file.txt -K 0102030405
321 The B<-A> option when used with large files doesn't work properly.
323 There should be an option to allow an iteration count to be included.
325 The B<enc> program only supports a fixed number of algorithms with
326 certain parameters. So if, for example, you want to use RC2 with a
327 76 bit key or RC4 with an 84 bit key you can't use this program.