5 SSL_write - write bytes to a TLS/SSL connection.
9 #include <openssl/ssl.h>
11 int SSL_write(SSL *ssl, const void *buf, int num);
15 SSL_write() writes B<num> bytes from the buffer B<buf> into the specified
20 If necessary, SSL_write() will negotiate a TLS/SSL session, if
21 not already explicitly performed by L<SSL_connect(3)|SSL_connect(3)> or
22 L<SSL_accept(3)|SSL_accept(3)>. If the
23 peer requests a re-negotiation, it will be performed transparently during
24 the SSL_write() operation. The behaviour of SSL_write() depends on the
27 For the transparent negotiation to succeed, the B<ssl> must have been
28 initialized to client or server mode. This is being done by calling
29 L<SSL_set_connect_state(3)|SSL_set_connect_state(3)> or SSL_set_accept_state()
30 before the first call to an L<SSL_read(3)|SSL_read(3)> or SSL_write() function.
32 If the underlying BIO is B<blocking>, SSL_write() will only return, once the
33 write operation has been finished or an error occurred, except when a
34 renegotiation take place, in which case a SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ may occur.
35 This behaviour can be controlled with the SSL_MODE_AUTO_RETRY flag of the
36 L<SSL_CTX_set_mode(3)|SSL_CTX_set_mode(3)> call.
38 If the underlying BIO is B<non-blocking>, SSL_write() will also return,
39 when the underlying BIO could not satisfy the needs of SSL_write()
40 to continue the operation. In this case a call to
41 L<SSL_get_error(3)|SSL_get_error(3)> with the
42 return value of SSL_write() will yield B<SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ> or
43 B<SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE>. As at any time a re-negotiation is possible, a
44 call to SSL_write() can also cause read operations! The calling process
45 then must repeat the call after taking appropriate action to satisfy the
46 needs of SSL_write(). The action depends on the underlying BIO. When using a
47 non-blocking socket, nothing is to be done, but select() can be used to check
48 for the required condition. When using a buffering BIO, like a BIO pair, data
49 must be written into or retrieved out of the BIO before being able to continue.
51 SSL_write() will only return with success, when the complete contents
52 of B<buf> of length B<num> has been written. This default behaviour
53 can be changed with the SSL_MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE option of
54 L<SSL_CTX_set_mode(3)|SSL_CTX_set_mode(3)>. When this flag is set,
55 SSL_write() will also return with success, when a partial write has been
56 successfully completed. In this case the SSL_write() operation is considered
57 completed. The bytes are sent and a new SSL_write() operation with a new
58 buffer (with the already sent bytes removed) must be started.
59 A partial write is performed with the size of a message block, which is
64 When an SSL_write() operation has to be repeated because of
65 B<SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ> or B<SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE>, it must be repeated
66 with the same arguments.
68 When calling SSL_write() with num=0 bytes to be sent the behaviour is
73 The following return values can occur:
79 The write operation was successful, the return value is the number of
80 bytes actually written to the TLS/SSL connection.
84 The write operation was not successful. Probably the underlying connection
85 was closed. Call SSL_get_error() with the return value B<ret> to find out,
86 whether an error occurred or the connection was shut down cleanly
87 (SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN).
89 SSLv2 (deprecated) does not support a shutdown alert protocol, so it can
90 only be detected, whether the underlying connection was closed. It cannot
91 be checked, why the closure happened.
95 The write operation was not successful, because either an error occurred
96 or action must be taken by the calling process. Call SSL_get_error() with the
97 return value B<ret> to find out the reason.
103 L<SSL_get_error(3)|SSL_get_error(3)>, L<SSL_read(3)|SSL_read(3)>,
104 L<SSL_CTX_set_mode(3)|SSL_CTX_set_mode(3)>, L<SSL_CTX_new(3)|SSL_CTX_new(3)>,
105 L<SSL_connect(3)|SSL_connect(3)>, L<SSL_accept(3)|SSL_accept(3)>
106 L<SSL_set_connect_state(3)|SSL_set_connect_state(3)>,
107 L<ssl(3)|ssl(3)>, L<bio(3)|bio(3)>