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6 .TH STDARG 3EXT "Mar 22, 2006"
8 stdarg \- handle variable argument list
15 \fBvoid\fR \fBva_start\fR(\fBva_list\fR \fIpvar\fR, \fBvoid\fR \fIname\fR);
20 \fB(type *)\fR \fBva_arg\fR(\fBva_list\fR \fIpvar\fR, \fB\fR\fItype\fR);
25 \fBvoid\fR \fBva_copy\fR(\fBva_list\fR \fIdest\fR, \fBva_list\fR \fIsrc\fR);
30 \fBvoid\fR \fBva_end\fR(\fBva_list\fR \fIpvar\fR);
36 This set of macros allows portable procedures that accept variable numbers of
37 arguments of variable types to be written. Routines that have variable argument
38 lists (such as \fBprintf\fR) but do not use \fIstdarg\fR are inherently
39 non-portable, as different machines use different argument-passing conventions.
42 \fBva_list\fR is a type defined for the variable used to traverse the list.
45 The \fBva_start\fR macro is invoked before any access to the unnamed arguments
46 and initializes \fIpvar\fR for subsequent use by \fBva_arg()\fR and
47 \fBva_end()\fR. The parameter \fIname\fR is the identifier of the rightmost
48 parameter in the variable parameter list in the function definition (the one
49 just before the \fB, ...\fR). If this parameter is declared with the
50 \fBregister\fR storage class or with a function or array type, or with a type
51 that is not compatible with the type that results after application of the
52 default argument promotions, the behavior is undefined.
55 The parameter \fIname\fR is required under strict ANSI C compilation. In other
56 compilation modes, \fIname\fR need not be supplied and the second parameter to
57 the \fBva_start()\fR macro can be left empty (for example, \fBva_start(pvar,
58 );\fR). This allows for routines that contain no parameters before the
59 \fB\&...\fR in the variable parameter list.
62 The \fBva_arg()\fR macro expands to an expression that has the type and value
63 of the next argument in the call. The parameter \fBpvar\fR should have been
64 previously initialized by \fBva_start()\fR. Each invocation of \fBva_arg()\fR
65 modifies \fBpvar\fR so that the values of successive arguments are returned in
66 turn. The parameter \fBtype\fR is the type name of the next argument to be
67 returned. The type name must be specified in such a way so that the type of a
68 pointer to an object that has the specified type can be obtained simply by
69 postfixing a \fB*\fR to \fItype\fR. If there is no actual next argument, or if
70 \fItype\fR is not compatible with the type of the actual next argument (as
71 promoted according to the default argument promotions), the behavior is
75 The \fBva_copy()\fR macro saves the state represented by the
76 \fBva_list\fR\fIsrc\fR in the \fBva_list\fR \fIdest\fR. The \fBva_list\fR
77 passed as \fIdest\fR should not be initialized by a previous call to
78 \fBva_start()\fR, and must be passed to \fBva_end()\fR before being reused as a
79 parameter to \fBva_start()\fR or as the \fIdest\fR parameter of a subsequent
80 call to \fBva_copy()\fR. The behavior is undefined should any of these
81 restrictions not be met.
84 The \fBva_end()\fR macro is used to clean up.
87 Multiple traversals, each bracketed by \fBva_start()\fR and \fBva_end()\fR, are
91 \fBExample 1 \fRA sample program.
94 This example gathers into an array a list of arguments that are pointers to
95 strings (but not more than \fBMAXARGS\fR arguments) with function \fBf1\fR,
96 then passes the array as a single argument to function \fBf2\fR. The number of
97 pointers is specified by the first argument to \fBf1\fR.
104 void f1(int n_ptrs, ...)
107 char *array[MAXARGS];
110 if (n_ptrs > MAXARGS)
112 va_start(ap, n_ptrs);
113 while (ptr_no < n_ptrs)
114 array[ptr_no++] = va_arg(ap, char*);
123 Each call to \fBf1\fR shall have visible the definition of the function or a
129 \fBvoid f1(int, ...)\fR
137 See \fBattributes\fR(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
145 ATTRIBUTE TYPE ATTRIBUTE VALUE
147 Interface Stability Standard
153 \fBvprintf\fR(3C), \fBattributes\fR(5), \fBstandards\fR(5)
157 It is the responsibility of the calling routine to specify in some manner how
158 many arguments there are, since it is not always possible to determine the
159 number of arguments from the stack frame. For example, \fIexecl\fR is passed a
160 zero pointer to signal the end of the list. The \fIprintf\fR function can
161 determine the number of arguments by the format. It is non-portable to specify
162 a second argument of \fBchar\fR, \fBshort\fR, or \fBfloat\fR to \fBva_arg()\fR,
163 because arguments seen by the called function are not \fBchar\fR, \fBshort\fR,
164 or \fBfloat\fR. C converts \fBchar\fR and \fBshort\fR arguments to \fBint\fR
165 and converts \fBfloat\fR arguments to \fBdouble\fR before passing them to a