1 .\" $OpenBSD: SSL_CTX_set_generate_session_id.3,v 1.4 2017/08/01 14:57:03 schwarze Exp $
2 .\" OpenSSL b97fdb57 Nov 11 09:33:09 2016 +0100
4 .\" This file was written by Lutz Jaenicke <jaenicke@openssl.org>.
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51 .Dd $Mdocdate: August 1 2017 $
52 .Dt SSL_CTX_SET_GENERATE_SESSION_ID 3
55 .Nm SSL_CTX_set_generate_session_id ,
56 .Nm SSL_set_generate_session_id ,
57 .Nm SSL_has_matching_session_id ,
59 .Nd manipulate generation of SSL session IDs (server only)
65 .Fa "unsigned char *id"
66 .Fa "unsigned int *id_len"
69 .Fn SSL_CTX_set_generate_session_id "SSL_CTX *ctx" "GEN_SESSION_CB cb"
71 .Fn SSL_set_generate_session_id "SSL *ssl" "GEN_SESSION_CB cb"
73 .Fo SSL_has_matching_session_id
74 .Fa "const SSL *ssl" "const unsigned char *id" "unsigned int id_len"
77 .Fn SSL_CTX_set_generate_session_id
78 sets the callback function for generating new session ids for SSL/TLS sessions
84 .Fn SSL_set_generate_session_id
85 sets the callback function for generating new session ids for SSL/TLS sessions
91 .Fn SSL_has_matching_session_id
92 checks, whether a session with id
96 is already contained in the internal session cache
97 of the parent context of
100 When a new session is established between client and server,
101 the server generates a session id.
102 The session id is an arbitrary sequence of bytes.
103 The length of the session id is between 1 and 32 bytes.
104 The session id is not security critical but must be unique for the server.
105 Additionally, the session id is transmitted in the clear when reusing the
106 session so it must not contain sensitive information.
108 Without a callback being set, an OpenSSL server will generate a unique session
109 id from pseudo random numbers of the maximum possible length.
110 Using the callback function, the session id can be changed to contain
111 additional information like, e.g., a host id in order to improve load balancing
112 or external caching techniques.
114 The callback function receives a pointer to the memory location to put
116 into and a pointer to the maximum allowed length
118 The buffer at location
120 is only guaranteed to have the size
122 The callback is only allowed to generate a shorter id and reduce
128 or write to the location
130 exceeding the given limit.
134 is filled with 0x00 before the callback is called,
135 so the callback may only fill part of the possible length and leave
137 untouched while maintaining reproducibility.
139 Since the sessions must be distinguished, session ids must be unique.
140 Without the callback a random number is used,
141 so that the probability of generating the same session id is extremely small
143 In order to ensure the uniqueness of the generated session id,
144 the callback must call
145 .Fn SSL_has_matching_session_id
146 and generate another id if a conflict occurs.
147 If an id conflict is not resolved, the handshake will fail.
148 If the application codes, e.g., a unique host id, a unique process number, and
149 a unique sequence number into the session id, uniqueness could easily be
150 achieved without randomness added (it should however be taken care that
151 no confidential information is leaked this way).
152 If the application cannot guarantee uniqueness,
153 it is recommended to use the maximum
155 and fill in the bytes not used to code special information with random data to
158 .Fn SSL_has_matching_session_id
159 will only query the internal session cache, not the external one.
160 Since the session id is generated before the handshake is completed,
161 it is not immediately added to the cache.
162 If another thread is using the same internal session cache,
163 a race condition can occur in that another thread generates the same session id.
164 Collisions can also occur when using an external session cache,
165 since the external cache is not tested with
166 .Fn SSL_has_matching_session_id
167 and the same race condition applies.
169 The callback must return 0 if it cannot generate a session id for whatever
170 reason and return 1 on success.
172 .Fn SSL_CTX_set_generate_session_id
174 .Fn SSL_set_generate_session_id
177 .Fn SSL_has_matching_session_id
178 returns 1 if another session with the same id is already in the cache.
180 The callback function listed will generate a session id with the server id
181 given, and will fill the rest with pseudo random bytes:
183 const char session_id_prefix = "www-18";
185 #define MAX_SESSION_ID_ATTEMPTS 10
187 generate_session_id(const SSL *ssl, unsigned char *id,
188 unsigned int *id_len)
190 unsigned int count = 0;
193 RAND_pseudo_bytes(id, *id_len);
195 * Prefix the session_id with the required prefix. NB: If
196 * our prefix is too long, clip it \(en but there will be
197 * worse effects anyway, e.g., the server could only
198 * possibly create one session ID (the prefix!) so all
199 * future session negotiations will fail due to conflicts.
201 memcpy(id, session_id_prefix,
202 (strlen(session_id_prefix) < *id_len) ?
203 strlen(session_id_prefix) : *id_len);
204 } while (SSL_has_matching_session_id(ssl, id, *id_len) &&
205 (++count < MAX_SESSION_ID_ATTEMPTS));
207 if (count >= MAX_SESSION_ID_ATTEMPTS)
214 .Xr SSL_get_version 3
216 .Fn SSL_CTX_set_generate_session_id ,
217 .Fn SSL_set_generate_session_id
219 .Fn SSL_has_matching_session_id
220 were introduced in OpenSSL 0.9.7.