dmake: do not set MAKEFLAGS=k

[unleashed/tickless.git] / usr / src / cmd / zoneadm / zoneadm.c

/*
 * CDDL HEADER START
 *
 * The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the
 * Common Development and Distribution License (the "License").
 * You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 *
 * You can obtain a copy of the license at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE
 * or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions
 * and limitations under the License.
 *
 * When distributing Covered Code, include this CDDL HEADER in each
 * file and include the License file at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE.
 * If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the
 * fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying
 * information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
 *
 * CDDL HEADER END
 */

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2003, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * Copyright 2014 Nexenta Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
 * Copyright (c) 2015 by Delphix. All rights reserved.
 * Copyright (c) 2015 Josef 'Jeff' Sipek <jeffpc@josefsipek.net>
 */

/*
 * zoneadm is a command interpreter for zone administration.  It is all in
 * C (i.e., no lex/yacc), and all the argument passing is argc/argv based.
 * main() calls parse_and_run() which calls cmd_match(), then invokes the
 * appropriate command's handler function.  The rest of the program is the
 * handler functions and their helper functions.
 *
 * Some of the helper functions are used largely to simplify I18N: reducing
 * the need for translation notes.  This is particularly true of many of
 * the zerror() calls: doing e.g. zerror(gettext("%s failed"), "foo") rather
 * than zerror(gettext("foo failed")) with a translation note indicating
 * that "foo" need not be translated.
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <wait.h>
#include <zone.h>
#include <priv.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <libintl.h>
#include <libzonecfg.h>
#include <bsm/adt.h>
#include <sys/brand.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/statvfs.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <sys/sockio.h>
#include <sys/mntent.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <uuid/uuid.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <door.h>
#include <macros.h>
#include <libgen.h>
#include <fnmatch.h>
#include <sys/modctl.h>
#include <libbrand.h>
#include <libscf.h>
#include <procfs.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <pool.h>
#include <sys/pool.h>
#include <sys/priocntl.h>
#include <sys/fsspriocntl.h>
#include <libdladm.h>
#include <libdllink.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#include <auth_list.h>
#include <auth_attr.h>
#include <secdb.h>

#include "zoneadm.h"

#define MAXARGS 8
#define SOURCE_ZONE (CMD_MAX + 1)

/* Reflects kernel zone entries */
typedef struct zone_entry {
        zoneid_t        zid;
        char            zname[ZONENAME_MAX];
        char            *zstate_str;
        zone_state_t    zstate_num;
        char            zbrand[MAXNAMELEN];
        char            zroot[MAXPATHLEN];
        char            zuuid[UUID_PRINTABLE_STRING_LENGTH];
        zone_iptype_t   ziptype;
} zone_entry_t;

#define CLUSTER_BRAND_NAME      "cluster"

static zone_entry_t *zents;
static size_t nzents;

#define LOOPBACK_IF     "lo0"
#define SOCKET_AF(af)   (((af) == AF_UNSPEC) ? AF_INET : (af))

struct net_if {
        char    *name;
        int     af;
};

/* 0755 is the default directory mode. */
#define DEFAULT_DIR_MODE \
        (S_IRWXU | S_IRGRP | S_IXGRP | S_IROTH | S_IXOTH)

struct cmd {
        uint_t  cmd_num;                                /* command number */
        char    *cmd_name;                              /* command name */
        char    *short_usage;                           /* short form help */
        int     (*handler)(int argc, char *argv[]);     /* function to call */

};

#define SHELP_HELP      "help"
#define SHELP_BOOT      "boot [-- boot_arguments]"
#define SHELP_HALT      "halt"
#define SHELP_READY     "ready"
#define SHELP_SHUTDOWN  "shutdown [-r [-- boot_arguments]]"
#define SHELP_REBOOT    "reboot [-- boot_arguments]"
#define SHELP_LIST      "list [-cipv]"
#define SHELP_VERIFY    "verify"
#define SHELP_INSTALL   "install [brand-specific args]"
#define SHELP_UNINSTALL "uninstall [-F] [brand-specific args]"
#define SHELP_CLONE     "clone [-m method] [-s <ZFS snapshot>] "\
        "[brand-specific args] zonename"
#define SHELP_MOVE      "move zonepath"
#define SHELP_DETACH    "detach [-n] [brand-specific args]"
#define SHELP_ATTACH    "attach [-F] [-n <path>] [brand-specific args]"
#define SHELP_MARK      "mark incomplete"

#define EXEC_PREFIX     "exec "
#define EXEC_LEN        (strlen(EXEC_PREFIX))
#define RMCOMMAND       "/usr/bin/rm -rf"

static int cleanup_zonepath(char *, boolean_t);


static int help_func(int argc, char *argv[]);
static int ready_func(int argc, char *argv[]);
static int boot_func(int argc, char *argv[]);
static int shutdown_func(int argc, char *argv[]);
static int halt_func(int argc, char *argv[]);
static int reboot_func(int argc, char *argv[]);
static int list_func(int argc, char *argv[]);
static int verify_func(int argc, char *argv[]);
static int install_func(int argc, char *argv[]);
static int uninstall_func(int argc, char *argv[]);
static int mount_func(int argc, char *argv[]);
static int unmount_func(int argc, char *argv[]);
static int clone_func(int argc, char *argv[]);
static int move_func(int argc, char *argv[]);
static int detach_func(int argc, char *argv[]);
static int attach_func(int argc, char *argv[]);
static int mark_func(int argc, char *argv[]);
static int apply_func(int argc, char *argv[]);
static int sysboot_func(int argc, char *argv[]);
static int sanity_check(char *zone, int cmd_num, boolean_t running,
    boolean_t unsafe_when_running, boolean_t force);
static int cmd_match(char *cmd);
static int verify_details(int, char *argv[]);
static int verify_brand(zone_dochandle_t, int, char *argv[]);
static int invoke_brand_handler(int, char *argv[]);

static struct cmd cmdtab[] = {
        { CMD_HELP,             "help",         SHELP_HELP,     help_func },
        { CMD_BOOT,             "boot",         SHELP_BOOT,     boot_func },
        { CMD_HALT,             "halt",         SHELP_HALT,     halt_func },
        { CMD_READY,            "ready",        SHELP_READY,    ready_func },
        { CMD_SHUTDOWN,         "shutdown",     SHELP_SHUTDOWN, shutdown_func },
        { CMD_REBOOT,           "reboot",       SHELP_REBOOT,   reboot_func },
        { CMD_LIST,             "list",         SHELP_LIST,     list_func },
        { CMD_VERIFY,           "verify",       SHELP_VERIFY,   verify_func },
        { CMD_INSTALL,          "install",      SHELP_INSTALL,  install_func },
        { CMD_UNINSTALL,        "uninstall",    SHELP_UNINSTALL,
            uninstall_func },
        /* mount and unmount are private commands for admin/install */
        { CMD_MOUNT,            "mount",        NULL,           mount_func },
        { CMD_UNMOUNT,          "umount",       NULL,           unmount_func },
        { CMD_UNMOUNT,          "unmount",      NULL,           unmount_func },
        { CMD_CLONE,            "clone",        SHELP_CLONE,    clone_func },
        { CMD_MOVE,             "move",         SHELP_MOVE,     move_func },
        { CMD_DETACH,           "detach",       SHELP_DETACH,   detach_func },
        { CMD_ATTACH,           "attach",       SHELP_ATTACH,   attach_func },
        { CMD_MARK,             "mark",         SHELP_MARK,     mark_func },
        { CMD_APPLY,            "apply",        NULL,           apply_func },
        { CMD_SYSBOOT,          "sysboot",      NULL,           sysboot_func }
};

/* global variables */

/* set early in main(), never modified thereafter, used all over the place */
static char *execname;
static char target_brand[MAXNAMELEN];
static char default_brand[MAXPATHLEN];
static char *locale;
char *target_zone;
static char *target_uuid;
char *username;

char *
cmd_to_str(int cmd_num)
{
        assert(cmd_num >= CMD_MIN && cmd_num <= CMD_MAX);
        return (cmdtab[cmd_num].cmd_name);
}

/* This is a separate function because of gettext() wrapping. */
static char *
long_help(int cmd_num)
{
        assert(cmd_num >= CMD_MIN && cmd_num <= CMD_MAX);
        switch (cmd_num) {
        case CMD_HELP:
                return (gettext("Print usage message."));
        case CMD_BOOT:
                return (gettext("Activates (boots) specified zone.  See "
                    "zoneadm(1m) for valid boot\n\targuments."));
        case CMD_HALT:
                return (gettext("Halts specified zone, bypassing shutdown "
                    "scripts and removing runtime\n\tresources of the zone."));
        case CMD_READY:
                return (gettext("Prepares a zone for running applications but "
                    "does not start any user\n\tprocesses in the zone."));
        case CMD_SHUTDOWN:
                return (gettext("Gracefully shutdown the zone or reboot if "
                    "the '-r' option is specified.\n\t"
                    "See zoneadm(1m) for valid boot arguments."));
        case CMD_REBOOT:
                return (gettext("Restarts the zone (equivalent to a halt / "
                    "boot sequence).\n\tFails if the zone is not active.  "
                    "See zoneadm(1m) for valid boot\n\targuments."));
        case CMD_LIST:
                return (gettext("Lists the current zones, or a "
                    "specific zone if indicated.  By default,\n\tall "
                    "running zones are listed, though this can be "
                    "expanded to all\n\tinstalled zones with the -i "
                    "option or all configured zones with the\n\t-c "
                    "option.  When used with the general -z <zone> and/or -u "
                    "<uuid-match>\n\toptions, lists only the specified "
                    "matching zone, but lists it\n\tregardless of its state, "
                    "and the -i and -c options are disallowed.  The\n\t-v "
                    "option can be used to display verbose information: zone "
                    "name, id,\n\tcurrent state, root directory and options.  "
                    "The -p option can be used\n\tto request machine-parsable "
                    "output.  The -v and -p options are mutually\n\texclusive."
                    "  If neither -v nor -p is used, just the zone name is "
                    "listed."));
        case CMD_VERIFY:
                return (gettext("Check to make sure the configuration "
                    "can safely be instantiated\n\ton the machine: "
                    "physical network interfaces exist, etc."));
        case CMD_INSTALL:
                return (gettext("Install the configuration on to the system.  "
                    "All arguments are passed to the brand installation "
                    "function;\n\tsee brands(5) for more information."));
        case CMD_UNINSTALL:
                return (gettext("Uninstall the configuration from the system.  "
                    "The -F flag can be used\n\tto force the action.  All "
                    "other arguments are passed to the brand\n\tuninstall "
                    "function; see brands(5) for more information."));
        case CMD_CLONE:
                return (gettext("Clone the installation of another zone.  "
                    "The -m option can be used to\n\tspecify 'copy' which "
                    "forces a copy of the source zone.  The -s option\n\t"
                    "can be used to specify the name of a ZFS snapshot "
                    "that was taken from\n\ta previous clone command.  The "
                    "snapshot will be used as the source\n\tinstead of "
                    "creating a new ZFS snapshot.  All other arguments are "
                    "passed\n\tto the brand clone function; see "
                    "brands(5) for more information."));
        case CMD_MOVE:
                return (gettext("Move the zone to a new zonepath."));
        case CMD_DETACH:
                return (gettext("Detach the zone from the system. The zone "
                    "state is changed to\n\t'configured' (but the files under "
                    "the zonepath are untouched).\n\tThe zone can subsequently "
                    "be attached, or can be moved to another\n\tsystem and "
                    "attached there.  The -n option can be used to specify\n\t"
                    "'no-execute' mode.  When -n is used, the information "
                    "needed to attach\n\tthe zone is sent to standard output "
                    "but the zone is not actually\n\tdetached.  All other "
                    "arguments are passed to the brand detach function;\n\tsee "
                    "brands(5) for more information."));
        case CMD_ATTACH:
                return (gettext("Attach the zone to the system.  The zone "
                    "state must be 'configured'\n\tprior to attach; upon "
                    "successful completion, the zone state will be\n\t"
                    "'installed'.  The system software on the current "
                    "system must be\n\tcompatible with the software on the "
                    "zone's original system.\n\tSpecify -F "
                    "to force the attach and skip software compatibility "
                    "tests.\n\tThe -n option can be used to specify "
                    "'no-execute' mode.  When -n is\n\tused, the information "
                    "needed to attach the zone is read from the\n\tspecified "
                    "path and the configuration is only validated.  The path "
                    "can\n\tbe '-' to specify standard input.  The -F and -n "
                    "options are mutually\n\texclusive.  All other arguments "
                    "are passed to the brand attach\n\tfunction; see "
                    "brands(5) for more information."));
        case CMD_MARK:
                return (gettext("Set the state of the zone.  This can be used "
                    "to force the zone\n\tstate to 'incomplete' "
                    "administratively if some activity has rendered\n\tthe "
                    "zone permanently unusable.  The only valid state that "
                    "may be\n\tspecified is 'incomplete'."));
        default:
                return ("");
        }
        /* NOTREACHED */
        return (NULL);
}

/*
 * Called with explicit B_TRUE when help is explicitly requested, B_FALSE for
 * unexpected errors.
 */

static int
usage(boolean_t explicit)
{
        int i;
        FILE *fd = explicit ? stdout : stderr;

        (void) fprintf(fd, "%s:\t%s help\n", gettext("usage"), execname);
        (void) fprintf(fd, "\t%s [-z <zone>] [-u <uuid-match>] list\n",
            execname);
        (void) fprintf(fd, "\t%s {-z <zone>|-u <uuid-match>} <%s>\n", execname,
            gettext("subcommand"));
        (void) fprintf(fd, "\n%s:\n\n", gettext("Subcommands"));
        for (i = CMD_MIN; i <= CMD_MAX; i++) {
                if (cmdtab[i].short_usage == NULL)
                        continue;
                (void) fprintf(fd, "%s\n", cmdtab[i].short_usage);
                if (explicit)
                        (void) fprintf(fd, "\t%s\n\n", long_help(i));
        }
        if (!explicit)
                (void) fputs("\n", fd);
        return (Z_USAGE);
}

static void
sub_usage(char *short_usage, int cmd_num)
{
        (void) fprintf(stderr, "%s:\t%s\n", gettext("usage"), short_usage);
        (void) fprintf(stderr, "\t%s\n", long_help(cmd_num));
}

/*
 * zperror() is like perror(3c) except that this also prints the executable
 * name at the start of the message, and takes a boolean indicating whether
 * to call libc'c strerror() or that from libzonecfg.
 */

void
zperror(const char *str, boolean_t zonecfg_error)
{
        (void) fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s: %s\n", execname, str,
            zonecfg_error ? zonecfg_strerror(errno) : strerror(errno));
}

/*
 * zperror2() is very similar to zperror() above, except it also prints a
 * supplied zone name after the executable.
 *
 * All current consumers of this function want libzonecfg's strerror() rather
 * than libc's; if this ever changes, this function can be made more generic
 * like zperror() above.
 */

void
zperror2(const char *zone, const char *str)
{
        (void) fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s: %s: %s\n", execname, zone, str,
            zonecfg_strerror(errno));
}

/* PRINTFLIKE1 */
void
zerror(const char *fmt, ...)
{
        va_list alist;

        va_start(alist, fmt);
        (void) fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", execname);
        if (target_zone != NULL)
                (void) fprintf(stderr, "zone '%s': ", target_zone);
        (void) vfprintf(stderr, fmt, alist);
        (void) fprintf(stderr, "\n");
        va_end(alist);
}

static void *
safe_calloc(size_t nelem, size_t elsize)
{
        void *r = calloc(nelem, elsize);

        if (r == NULL) {
                zerror(gettext("failed to allocate %lu bytes: %s"),
                    (ulong_t)nelem * elsize, strerror(errno));
                exit(Z_ERR);
        }
        return (r);
}

static void
zone_print(zone_entry_t *zent, boolean_t verbose, boolean_t parsable)
{
        static boolean_t firsttime = B_TRUE;
        char *ip_type_str;

        /* Skip a zone that shutdown while we were collecting data. */
        if (zent->zname[0] == '\0')
                return;

        if (zent->ziptype == ZS_EXCLUSIVE)
                ip_type_str = "excl";
        else
                ip_type_str = "shared";

        assert(!(verbose && parsable));
        if (firsttime && verbose) {
                firsttime = B_FALSE;
                (void) printf("%*s %-16s %-10s %-30s %-8s %-6s\n",
                    ZONEID_WIDTH, "ID", "NAME", "STATUS", "PATH", "BRAND",
                    "IP");
        }
        if (!verbose) {
                char *cp, *clim;

                if (!parsable) {
                        (void) printf("%s\n", zent->zname);
                        return;
                }
                if (zent->zid == ZONE_ID_UNDEFINED)
                        (void) printf("-");
                else
                        (void) printf("%lu", zent->zid);
                (void) printf(":%s:%s:", zent->zname, zent->zstate_str);
                cp = zent->zroot;
                while ((clim = strchr(cp, ':')) != NULL) {
                        (void) printf("%.*s\\:", clim - cp, cp);
                        cp = clim + 1;
                }
                (void) printf("%s:%s:%s:%s\n", cp, zent->zuuid, zent->zbrand,
                    ip_type_str);
                return;
        }
        if (zent->zstate_str != NULL) {
                if (zent->zid == ZONE_ID_UNDEFINED)
                        (void) printf("%*s", ZONEID_WIDTH, "-");
                else
                        (void) printf("%*lu", ZONEID_WIDTH, zent->zid);
                (void) printf(" %-16s %-10s %-30s %-8s %-6s\n", zent->zname,
                    zent->zstate_str, zent->zroot, zent->zbrand, ip_type_str);
        }
}

static int
lookup_zone_info(const char *zone_name, zoneid_t zid, zone_entry_t *zent)
{
        char root[MAXPATHLEN];
        int err;
        uuid_t uuid;
        zone_dochandle_t handle;

        (void) strlcpy(zent->zname, zone_name, sizeof (zent->zname));
        (void) strlcpy(zent->zroot, "???", sizeof (zent->zroot));
        (void) strlcpy(zent->zbrand, "???", sizeof (zent->zbrand));
        zent->zstate_str = "???";

        zent->zid = zid;

        if (zonecfg_get_uuid(zone_name, uuid) == Z_OK &&
            !uuid_is_null(uuid))
                uuid_unparse(uuid, zent->zuuid);
        else
                zent->zuuid[0] = '\0';

        if ((err = zone_get_zonepath(zent->zname, root,
            sizeof (root))) != Z_OK) {
                errno = err;
                zperror2(zent->zname,
                    gettext("could not get zone path."));
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        (void) strlcpy(zent->zroot, root, sizeof (zent->zroot));

        if ((err = zone_get_state(zent->zname, &zent->zstate_num)) != Z_OK) {
                errno = err;
                zperror2(zent->zname, gettext("could not get state"));
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        zent->zstate_str = zone_state_str(zent->zstate_num);

        if (zone_get_brand(zent->zname, zent->zbrand,
            sizeof (zent->zbrand)) != Z_OK) {
                zperror2(zent->zname, gettext("could not get brand name"));
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        /*
         * Get ip type of the zone.
         * Note for global zone, ZS_SHARED is set always.
         */
        if (zid == GLOBAL_ZONEID) {
                zent->ziptype = ZS_SHARED;
                return (Z_OK);
        }

        /*
         * There is a race condition where the zone could boot while
         * we're walking the index file.  In this case the zone state
         * could be seen as running from the call above, but the zoneid
         * would be undefined.
         *
         * There is also a race condition where the zone could shutdown after
         * we got its running state above.  This is also not an error and
         * we fall back to getting the ziptype from the zone configuration.
         */
        if (zent->zstate_num == ZONE_STATE_RUNNING &&
            zid != ZONE_ID_UNDEFINED) {
                ushort_t flags;

                if (zone_getattr(zid, ZONE_ATTR_FLAGS, &flags,
                    sizeof (flags)) >= 0) {
                        if (flags & ZF_NET_EXCL)
                                zent->ziptype = ZS_EXCLUSIVE;
                        else
                                zent->ziptype = ZS_SHARED;
                        return (Z_OK);
                }
        }

        if ((handle = zonecfg_init_handle()) == NULL) {
                zperror2(zent->zname, gettext("could not init handle"));
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        if ((err = zonecfg_get_handle(zent->zname, handle)) != Z_OK) {
                zperror2(zent->zname, gettext("could not get handle"));
                zonecfg_fini_handle(handle);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        if ((err = zonecfg_get_iptype(handle, &zent->ziptype)) != Z_OK) {
                zperror2(zent->zname, gettext("could not get ip-type"));
                zonecfg_fini_handle(handle);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        zonecfg_fini_handle(handle);

        return (Z_OK);
}

/*
 * fetch_zents() calls zone_list(2) to find out how many zones are running
 * (which is stored in the global nzents), then calls zone_list(2) again
 * to fetch the list of running zones (stored in the global zents).  This
 * function may be called multiple times, so if zents is already set, we
 * return immediately to save work.
 *
 * Note that the data about running zones can change while this function
 * is running, so its possible that the list of zones will have empty slots
 * at the end.
 */

static int
fetch_zents(void)
{
        zoneid_t *zids = NULL;
        uint_t nzents_saved;
        int i, retv;
        FILE *fp;
        boolean_t inaltroot;
        zone_entry_t *zentp;
        const char *altroot;

        if (nzents > 0)
                return (Z_OK);

        if (zone_list(NULL, &nzents) != 0) {
                zperror(gettext("failed to get zoneid list"), B_FALSE);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

again:
        if (nzents == 0)
                return (Z_OK);

        zids = safe_calloc(nzents, sizeof (zoneid_t));
        nzents_saved = nzents;

        if (zone_list(zids, &nzents) != 0) {
                zperror(gettext("failed to get zone list"), B_FALSE);
                free(zids);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        if (nzents != nzents_saved) {
                /* list changed, try again */
                free(zids);
                goto again;
        }

        zents = safe_calloc(nzents, sizeof (zone_entry_t));

        inaltroot = zonecfg_in_alt_root();
        if (inaltroot) {
                fp = zonecfg_open_scratch("", B_FALSE);
                altroot = zonecfg_get_root();
        } else {
                fp = NULL;
        }
        zentp = zents;
        retv = Z_OK;
        for (i = 0; i < nzents; i++) {
                char name[ZONENAME_MAX];
                char altname[ZONENAME_MAX];
                char rev_altroot[MAXPATHLEN];

                if (getzonenamebyid(zids[i], name, sizeof (name)) < 0) {
                        /*
                         * There is a race condition where the zone may have
                         * shutdown since we retrieved the number of running
                         * zones above.  This is not an error, there will be
                         * an empty slot at the end of the list.
                         */
                        continue;
                }
                if (zonecfg_is_scratch(name)) {
                        /* Ignore scratch zones by default */
                        if (!inaltroot)
                                continue;
                        if (fp == NULL ||
                            zonecfg_reverse_scratch(fp, name, altname,
                            sizeof (altname), rev_altroot,
                            sizeof (rev_altroot)) == -1) {
                                zerror(gettext("could not resolve scratch "
                                    "zone %s"), name);
                                retv = Z_ERR;
                                continue;
                        }
                        /* Ignore zones in other alternate roots */
                        if (strcmp(rev_altroot, altroot) != 0)
                                continue;
                        (void) strcpy(name, altname);
                } else {
                        /* Ignore non-scratch when in an alternate root */
                        if (inaltroot && strcmp(name, GLOBAL_ZONENAME) != 0)
                                continue;
                }
                if (lookup_zone_info(name, zids[i], zentp) != Z_OK) {
                        /*
                         * There is a race condition where the zone may have
                         * shutdown since we retrieved the number of running
                         * zones above.  This is not an error, there will be
                         * an empty slot at the end of the list.
                         */
                        continue;
                }
                zentp++;
        }
        nzents = zentp - zents;
        if (fp != NULL)
                zonecfg_close_scratch(fp);

        free(zids);
        return (retv);
}

static int
zone_print_list(zone_state_t min_state, boolean_t verbose, boolean_t parsable)
{
        int i;
        zone_entry_t zent;
        FILE *cookie;
        char *name;

        /*
         * First get the list of running zones from the kernel and print them.
         * If that is all we need, then return.
         */
        if ((i = fetch_zents()) != Z_OK) {
                /*
                 * No need for error messages; fetch_zents() has already taken
                 * care of this.
                 */
                return (i);
        }
        for (i = 0; i < nzents; i++)
                zone_print(&zents[i], verbose, parsable);
        if (min_state >= ZONE_STATE_RUNNING)
                return (Z_OK);
        /*
         * Next, get the full list of zones from the configuration, skipping
         * any we have already printed.
         */
        cookie = setzoneent();
        while ((name = getzoneent(cookie)) != NULL) {
                for (i = 0; i < nzents; i++) {
                        if (strcmp(zents[i].zname, name) == 0)
                                break;
                }
                if (i < nzents) {
                        free(name);
                        continue;
                }
                if (lookup_zone_info(name, ZONE_ID_UNDEFINED, &zent) != Z_OK) {
                        free(name);
                        continue;
                }
                free(name);
                if (zent.zstate_num >= min_state)
                        zone_print(&zent, verbose, parsable);
        }
        endzoneent(cookie);
        return (Z_OK);
}

/*
 * Retrieve a zone entry by name.  Returns NULL if no such zone exists.
 */
static zone_entry_t *
lookup_running_zone(const char *str)
{
        int i;

        if (fetch_zents() != Z_OK)
                return (NULL);

        for (i = 0; i < nzents; i++) {
                if (strcmp(str, zents[i].zname) == 0)
                        return (&zents[i]);
        }
        return (NULL);
}

/*
 * Check a bit in a mode_t: if on is B_TRUE, that bit should be on; if
 * B_FALSE, it should be off.  Return B_TRUE if the mode is bad (incorrect).
 */
static boolean_t
bad_mode_bit(mode_t mode, mode_t bit, boolean_t on, char *file)
{
        char *str;

        assert(bit == S_IRUSR || bit == S_IWUSR || bit == S_IXUSR ||
            bit == S_IRGRP || bit == S_IWGRP || bit == S_IXGRP ||
            bit == S_IROTH || bit == S_IWOTH || bit == S_IXOTH);
        /*
         * TRANSLATION_NOTE
         * The strings below will be used as part of a larger message,
         * either:
         * (file name) must be (owner|group|world) (read|writ|execut)able
         * or
         * (file name) must not be (owner|group|world) (read|writ|execut)able
         */
        switch (bit) {
        case S_IRUSR:
                str = gettext("owner readable");
                break;
        case S_IWUSR:
                str = gettext("owner writable");
                break;
        case S_IXUSR:
                str = gettext("owner executable");
                break;
        case S_IRGRP:
                str = gettext("group readable");
                break;
        case S_IWGRP:
                str = gettext("group writable");
                break;
        case S_IXGRP:
                str = gettext("group executable");
                break;
        case S_IROTH:
                str = gettext("world readable");
                break;
        case S_IWOTH:
                str = gettext("world writable");
                break;
        case S_IXOTH:
                str = gettext("world executable");
                break;
        }
        if ((mode & bit) == (on ? 0 : bit)) {
                /*
                 * TRANSLATION_NOTE
                 * The first parameter below is a file name; the second
                 * is one of the "(owner|group|world) (read|writ|execut)able"
                 * strings from above.
                 */
                /*
                 * The code below could be simplified but not in a way
                 * that would easily translate to non-English locales.
                 */
                if (on) {
                        (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("%s must be %s.\n"),
                            file, str);
                } else {
                        (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("%s must not be %s.\n"),
                            file, str);
                }
                return (B_TRUE);
        }
        return (B_FALSE);
}

/*
 * We want to make sure that no zone has its zone path as a child node
 * (in the directory sense) of any other.  We do that by comparing this
 * zone's path to the path of all other (non-global) zones.  The comparison
 * in each case is simple: add '/' to the end of the path, then do a
 * strncmp() of the two paths, using the length of the shorter one.
 */

static int
crosscheck_zonepaths(char *path)
{
        char rpath[MAXPATHLEN];         /* resolved path */
        char path_copy[MAXPATHLEN];     /* copy of original path */
        char rpath_copy[MAXPATHLEN];    /* copy of original rpath */
        struct zoneent *ze;
        int res, err;
        FILE *cookie;

        cookie = setzoneent();
        while ((ze = getzoneent_private(cookie)) != NULL) {
                /* Skip zones which are not installed. */
                if (ze->zone_state < ZONE_STATE_INSTALLED) {
                        free(ze);
                        continue;
                }
                /* Skip the global zone and the current target zone. */
                if (strcmp(ze->zone_name, GLOBAL_ZONENAME) == 0 ||
                    strcmp(ze->zone_name, target_zone) == 0) {
                        free(ze);
                        continue;
                }
                if (strlen(ze->zone_path) == 0) {
                        /* old index file without path, fall back */
                        if ((err = zone_get_zonepath(ze->zone_name,
                            ze->zone_path, sizeof (ze->zone_path))) != Z_OK) {
                                errno = err;
                                zperror2(ze->zone_name,
                                    gettext("could not get zone path"));
                                free(ze);
                                continue;
                        }
                }
                (void) snprintf(path_copy, sizeof (path_copy), "%s%s",
                    zonecfg_get_root(), ze->zone_path);
                res = resolvepath(path_copy, rpath, sizeof (rpath));
                if (res == -1) {
                        if (errno != ENOENT) {
                                zperror(path_copy, B_FALSE);
                                free(ze);
                                return (Z_ERR);
                        }
                        (void) printf(gettext("WARNING: zone %s is installed, "
                            "but its %s %s does not exist.\n"), ze->zone_name,
                            "zonepath", path_copy);
                        free(ze);
                        continue;
                }
                rpath[res] = '\0';
                (void) snprintf(path_copy, sizeof (path_copy), "%s/", path);
                (void) snprintf(rpath_copy, sizeof (rpath_copy), "%s/", rpath);
                if (strncmp(path_copy, rpath_copy,
                    min(strlen(path_copy), strlen(rpath_copy))) == 0) {
                        /*
                         * TRANSLATION_NOTE
                         * zonepath is a literal that should not be translated.
                         */
                        (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("%s zonepath (%s) and "
                            "%s zonepath (%s) overlap.\n"),
                            target_zone, path, ze->zone_name, rpath);
                        free(ze);
                        return (Z_ERR);
                }
                free(ze);
        }
        endzoneent(cookie);
        return (Z_OK);
}

static int
validate_zonepath(char *path, int cmd_num)
{
        int res;                        /* result of last library/system call */
        boolean_t err = B_FALSE;        /* have we run into an error? */
        struct stat stbuf;
        struct statvfs64 vfsbuf;
        char rpath[MAXPATHLEN];         /* resolved path */
        char ppath[MAXPATHLEN];         /* parent path */
        char rppath[MAXPATHLEN];        /* resolved parent path */
        char rootpath[MAXPATHLEN];      /* root path */
        zone_state_t state;

        if (path[0] != '/') {
                (void) fprintf(stderr,
                    gettext("%s is not an absolute path.\n"), path);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        if ((res = resolvepath(path, rpath, sizeof (rpath))) == -1) {
                if ((errno != ENOENT) ||
                    (cmd_num != CMD_VERIFY && cmd_num != CMD_INSTALL &&
                    cmd_num != CMD_CLONE && cmd_num != CMD_MOVE)) {
                        zperror(path, B_FALSE);
                        return (Z_ERR);
                }
                if (cmd_num == CMD_VERIFY) {
                        /*
                         * TRANSLATION_NOTE
                         * zoneadm is a literal that should not be translated.
                         */
                        (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("WARNING: %s does not "
                            "exist, so it could not be verified.\nWhen "
                            "'zoneadm %s' is run, '%s' will try to create\n%s, "
                            "and '%s' will be tried again,\nbut the '%s' may "
                            "fail if:\nthe parent directory of %s is group- or "
                            "other-writable\nor\n%s overlaps with any other "
                            "installed zones.\n"), path,
                            cmd_to_str(CMD_INSTALL), cmd_to_str(CMD_INSTALL),
                            path, cmd_to_str(CMD_VERIFY),
                            cmd_to_str(CMD_VERIFY), path, path);
                        return (Z_OK);
                }
                /*
                 * The zonepath is supposed to be mode 700 but its
                 * parent(s) 755.  So use 755 on the mkdirp() then
                 * chmod() the zonepath itself to 700.
                 */
                if (mkdirp(path, DEFAULT_DIR_MODE) < 0) {
                        zperror(path, B_FALSE);
                        return (Z_ERR);
                }
                /*
                 * If the chmod() fails, report the error, but might
                 * as well continue the verify procedure.
                 */
                if (chmod(path, S_IRWXU) != 0)
                        zperror(path, B_FALSE);
                /*
                 * Since the mkdir() succeeded, we should not have to
                 * worry about a subsequent ENOENT, thus this should
                 * only recurse once.
                 */
                return (validate_zonepath(path, cmd_num));
        }
        rpath[res] = '\0';
        if (strcmp(path, rpath) != 0) {
                errno = Z_RESOLVED_PATH;
                zperror(path, B_TRUE);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        if ((res = stat(rpath, &stbuf)) != 0) {
                zperror(rpath, B_FALSE);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        if (!S_ISDIR(stbuf.st_mode)) {
                (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("%s is not a directory.\n"),
                    rpath);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        if (strcmp(stbuf.st_fstype, MNTTYPE_TMPFS) == 0) {
                (void) printf(gettext("WARNING: %s is on a temporary "
                    "file system.\n"), rpath);
        }
        if (crosscheck_zonepaths(rpath) != Z_OK)
                return (Z_ERR);
        /*
         * Try to collect and report as many minor errors as possible
         * before returning, so the user can learn everything that needs
         * to be fixed up front.
         */
        if (stbuf.st_uid != 0) {
                (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("%s is not owned by root.\n"),
                    rpath);
                err = B_TRUE;

                /* Try to change owner */
                if (cmd_num != CMD_VERIFY) {
                        (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("%s: changing owner "
                            "to root.\n"), rpath);
                        if (chown(rpath, 0, -1) != 0) {
                                zperror(rpath, B_FALSE);
                                return (Z_ERR);
                        } else {
                                err = B_FALSE;
                        }
                }
        }
        err |= bad_mode_bit(stbuf.st_mode, S_IRUSR, B_TRUE, rpath);
        err |= bad_mode_bit(stbuf.st_mode, S_IWUSR, B_TRUE, rpath);
        err |= bad_mode_bit(stbuf.st_mode, S_IXUSR, B_TRUE, rpath);
        err |= bad_mode_bit(stbuf.st_mode, S_IRGRP, B_FALSE, rpath);
        err |= bad_mode_bit(stbuf.st_mode, S_IWGRP, B_FALSE, rpath);
        err |= bad_mode_bit(stbuf.st_mode, S_IXGRP, B_FALSE, rpath);
        err |= bad_mode_bit(stbuf.st_mode, S_IROTH, B_FALSE, rpath);
        err |= bad_mode_bit(stbuf.st_mode, S_IWOTH, B_FALSE, rpath);
        err |= bad_mode_bit(stbuf.st_mode, S_IXOTH, B_FALSE, rpath);

        /* If the group perms are wrong, fix them */
        if (err && (cmd_num != CMD_VERIFY)) {
                (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("%s: changing permissions "
                    "to 0700.\n"), rpath);
                if (chmod(rpath, S_IRWXU) != 0) {
                        zperror(path, B_FALSE);
                } else {
                        err = B_FALSE;
                }
        }

        (void) snprintf(ppath, sizeof (ppath), "%s/..", path);
        if ((res = resolvepath(ppath, rppath, sizeof (rppath))) == -1) {
                zperror(ppath, B_FALSE);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        rppath[res] = '\0';
        if ((res = stat(rppath, &stbuf)) != 0) {
                zperror(rppath, B_FALSE);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        /* theoretically impossible */
        if (!S_ISDIR(stbuf.st_mode)) {
                (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("%s is not a directory.\n"),
                    rppath);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        if (stbuf.st_uid != 0) {
                (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("%s is not owned by root.\n"),
                    rppath);
                err = B_TRUE;
        }
        err |= bad_mode_bit(stbuf.st_mode, S_IRUSR, B_TRUE, rppath);
        err |= bad_mode_bit(stbuf.st_mode, S_IWUSR, B_TRUE, rppath);
        err |= bad_mode_bit(stbuf.st_mode, S_IXUSR, B_TRUE, rppath);
        err |= bad_mode_bit(stbuf.st_mode, S_IWGRP, B_FALSE, rppath);
        err |= bad_mode_bit(stbuf.st_mode, S_IWOTH, B_FALSE, rppath);
        if (strcmp(rpath, rppath) == 0) {
                (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("%s is its own parent.\n"),
                    rppath);
                err = B_TRUE;
        }

        if (statvfs64(rpath, &vfsbuf) != 0) {
                zperror(rpath, B_FALSE);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        if (strcmp(vfsbuf.f_basetype, MNTTYPE_NFS) == 0) {
                /*
                 * TRANSLATION_NOTE
                 * Zonepath and NFS are literals that should not be translated.
                 */
                (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("Zonepath %s is on an NFS "
                    "mounted file system.\n"
                    "\tA local file system must be used.\n"), rpath);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        if (vfsbuf.f_flag & ST_NOSUID) {
                /*
                 * TRANSLATION_NOTE
                 * Zonepath and nosuid are literals that should not be
                 * translated.
                 */
                (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("Zonepath %s is on a nosuid "
                    "file system.\n"), rpath);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        if ((res = zone_get_state(target_zone, &state)) != Z_OK) {
                errno = res;
                zperror2(target_zone, gettext("could not get state"));
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        /*
         * The existence of the root path is only bad in the configured state,
         * as it is *supposed* to be there at the installed and later states.
         * However, the root path is expected to be there if the zone is
         * detached.
         * State/command mismatches are caught earlier in verify_details().
         */
        if (state == ZONE_STATE_CONFIGURED && cmd_num != CMD_ATTACH) {
                if (snprintf(rootpath, sizeof (rootpath), "%s/root", rpath) >=
                    sizeof (rootpath)) {
                        /*
                         * TRANSLATION_NOTE
                         * Zonepath is a literal that should not be translated.
                         */
                        (void) fprintf(stderr,
                            gettext("Zonepath %s is too long.\n"), rpath);
                        return (Z_ERR);
                }
                if ((res = stat(rootpath, &stbuf)) == 0) {
                        if (zonecfg_detached(rpath)) {
                                (void) fprintf(stderr,
                                    gettext("Cannot %s detached "
                                    "zone.\nUse attach or remove %s "
                                    "directory.\n"), cmd_to_str(cmd_num),
                                    rpath);
                                return (Z_ERR);
                        }

                        /* Not detached, check if it really looks ok. */

                        if (!S_ISDIR(stbuf.st_mode)) {
                                (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("%s is not a "
                                    "directory.\n"), rootpath);
                                return (Z_ERR);
                        }

                        if (stbuf.st_uid != 0) {
                                (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("%s is not "
                                    "owned by root.\n"), rootpath);
                                return (Z_ERR);
                        }

                        if ((stbuf.st_mode & 0777) != 0755) {
                                (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("%s mode is not "
                                    "0755.\n"), rootpath);
                                return (Z_ERR);
                        }
                }
        }

        return (err ? Z_ERR : Z_OK);
}

static int
invoke_brand_handler(int cmd_num, char *argv[])
{
        zone_dochandle_t handle;
        int err;

        if ((handle = zonecfg_init_handle()) == NULL) {
                zperror(cmd_to_str(cmd_num), B_TRUE);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        if ((err = zonecfg_get_handle(target_zone, handle)) != Z_OK) {
                errno = err;
                zperror(cmd_to_str(cmd_num), B_TRUE);
                zonecfg_fini_handle(handle);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        if (verify_brand(handle, cmd_num, argv) != Z_OK) {
                zonecfg_fini_handle(handle);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        zonecfg_fini_handle(handle);
        return (Z_OK);
}

static int
ready_func(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        zone_cmd_arg_t zarg;
        int arg;

        if (zonecfg_in_alt_root()) {
                zerror(gettext("cannot ready zone in alternate root"));
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        optind = 0;
        if ((arg = getopt(argc, argv, "?")) != EOF) {
                switch (arg) {
                case '?':
                        sub_usage(SHELP_READY, CMD_READY);
                        return (optopt == '?' ? Z_OK : Z_USAGE);
                default:
                        sub_usage(SHELP_READY, CMD_READY);
                        return (Z_USAGE);
                }
        }
        if (argc > optind) {
                sub_usage(SHELP_READY, CMD_READY);
                return (Z_USAGE);
        }
        if (sanity_check(target_zone, CMD_READY, B_FALSE, B_FALSE, B_FALSE)
            != Z_OK)
                return (Z_ERR);
        if (verify_details(CMD_READY, argv) != Z_OK)
                return (Z_ERR);

        zarg.cmd = Z_READY;
        if (zonecfg_call_zoneadmd(target_zone, &zarg, locale, B_TRUE) != 0) {
                zerror(gettext("call to %s failed"), "zoneadmd");
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        return (Z_OK);
}

static int
boot_func(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        zone_cmd_arg_t zarg;
        boolean_t force = B_FALSE;
        int arg;

        if (zonecfg_in_alt_root()) {
                zerror(gettext("cannot boot zone in alternate root"));
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        zarg.bootbuf[0] = '\0';

        /*
         * The following getopt processes arguments to zone boot; that
         * is to say, the [here] portion of the argument string:
         *
         *      zoneadm -z myzone boot [here] -- -v -m verbose
         *
         * Where [here] can either be nothing, -? (in which case we bail
         * and print usage), -f (a private option to indicate that the
         * boot operation should be 'forced'), or -s.  Support for -s is
         * vestigal and obsolete, but is retained because it was a
         * documented interface and there are known consumers including
         * admin/install; the proper way to specify boot arguments like -s
         * is:
         *
         *      zoneadm -z myzone boot -- -s -v -m verbose.
         */
        optind = 0;
        while ((arg = getopt(argc, argv, "?fs")) != EOF) {
                switch (arg) {
                case '?':
                        sub_usage(SHELP_BOOT, CMD_BOOT);
                        return (optopt == '?' ? Z_OK : Z_USAGE);
                case 's':
                        (void) strlcpy(zarg.bootbuf, "-s",
                            sizeof (zarg.bootbuf));
                        break;
                case 'f':
                        force = B_TRUE;
                        break;
                default:
                        sub_usage(SHELP_BOOT, CMD_BOOT);
                        return (Z_USAGE);
                }
        }

        for (; optind < argc; optind++) {
                if (strlcat(zarg.bootbuf, argv[optind],
                    sizeof (zarg.bootbuf)) >= sizeof (zarg.bootbuf)) {
                        zerror(gettext("Boot argument list too long"));
                        return (Z_ERR);
                }
                if (optind < argc - 1)
                        if (strlcat(zarg.bootbuf, " ", sizeof (zarg.bootbuf)) >=
                            sizeof (zarg.bootbuf)) {
                                zerror(gettext("Boot argument list too long"));
                                return (Z_ERR);
                        }
        }
        if (sanity_check(target_zone, CMD_BOOT, B_FALSE, B_FALSE, force)
            != Z_OK)
                return (Z_ERR);
        if (verify_details(CMD_BOOT, argv) != Z_OK)
                return (Z_ERR);
        zarg.cmd = force ? Z_FORCEBOOT : Z_BOOT;
        if (zonecfg_call_zoneadmd(target_zone, &zarg, locale, B_TRUE) != 0) {
                zerror(gettext("call to %s failed"), "zoneadmd");
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        return (Z_OK);
}

static void
fake_up_local_zone(zoneid_t zid, zone_entry_t *zeptr)
{
        ssize_t result;
        uuid_t uuid;
        FILE *fp;
        ushort_t flags;

        (void) memset(zeptr, 0, sizeof (*zeptr));

        zeptr->zid = zid;

        /*
         * Since we're looking up our own (non-global) zone name,
         * we can be assured that it will succeed.
         */
        result = getzonenamebyid(zid, zeptr->zname, sizeof (zeptr->zname));
        assert(result >= 0);
        if (zonecfg_is_scratch(zeptr->zname) &&
            (fp = zonecfg_open_scratch("", B_FALSE)) != NULL) {
                (void) zonecfg_reverse_scratch(fp, zeptr->zname, zeptr->zname,
                    sizeof (zeptr->zname), NULL, 0);
                zonecfg_close_scratch(fp);
        }

        (void) strlcpy(zeptr->zroot, "/", sizeof (zeptr->zroot));
        (void) zone_getattr(zid, ZONE_ATTR_BRAND, zeptr->zbrand,
            sizeof (zeptr->zbrand));

        zeptr->zstate_str = "running";
        if (zonecfg_get_uuid(zeptr->zname, uuid) == Z_OK &&
            !uuid_is_null(uuid))
                uuid_unparse(uuid, zeptr->zuuid);

        if (zone_getattr(zid, ZONE_ATTR_FLAGS, &flags, sizeof (flags)) < 0) {
                zperror2(zeptr->zname, gettext("could not get zone flags"));
                exit(Z_ERR);
        }
        if (flags & ZF_NET_EXCL)
                zeptr->ziptype = ZS_EXCLUSIVE;
        else
                zeptr->ziptype = ZS_SHARED;
}

static int
list_func(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        zone_entry_t *zentp, zent;
        int arg, retv;
        boolean_t output = B_FALSE, verbose = B_FALSE, parsable = B_FALSE;
        zone_state_t min_state = ZONE_STATE_RUNNING;
        zoneid_t zone_id = getzoneid();

        if (target_zone == NULL) {
                /* all zones: default view to running but allow override */
                optind = 0;
                while ((arg = getopt(argc, argv, "?cipv")) != EOF) {
                        switch (arg) {
                        case '?':
                                sub_usage(SHELP_LIST, CMD_LIST);
                                return (optopt == '?' ? Z_OK : Z_USAGE);
                                /*
                                 * The 'i' and 'c' options are not mutually
                                 * exclusive so if 'c' is given, then min_state
                                 * is set to 0 (ZONE_STATE_CONFIGURED) which is
                                 * the lowest possible state.  If 'i' is given,
                                 * then min_state is set to be the lowest state
                                 * so far.
                                 */
                        case 'c':
                                min_state = ZONE_STATE_CONFIGURED;
                                break;
                        case 'i':
                                min_state = min(ZONE_STATE_INSTALLED,
                                    min_state);

                                break;
                        case 'p':
                                parsable = B_TRUE;
                                break;
                        case 'v':
                                verbose = B_TRUE;
                                break;
                        default:
                                sub_usage(SHELP_LIST, CMD_LIST);
                                return (Z_USAGE);
                        }
                }
                if (parsable && verbose) {
                        zerror(gettext("%s -p and -v are mutually exclusive."),
                            cmd_to_str(CMD_LIST));
                        return (Z_ERR);
                }
                if (zone_id == GLOBAL_ZONEID) {
                        retv = zone_print_list(min_state, verbose, parsable);
                } else {
                        fake_up_local_zone(zone_id, &zent);
                        retv = Z_OK;
                        zone_print(&zent, verbose, parsable);
                }
                return (retv);
        }

        /*
         * Specific target zone: disallow -i/-c suboptions.
         */
        optind = 0;
        while ((arg = getopt(argc, argv, "?pv")) != EOF) {
                switch (arg) {
                case '?':
                        sub_usage(SHELP_LIST, CMD_LIST);
                        return (optopt == '?' ? Z_OK : Z_USAGE);
                case 'p':
                        parsable = B_TRUE;
                        break;
                case 'v':
                        verbose = B_TRUE;
                        break;
                default:
                        sub_usage(SHELP_LIST, CMD_LIST);
                        return (Z_USAGE);
                }
        }
        if (parsable && verbose) {
                zerror(gettext("%s -p and -v are mutually exclusive."),
                    cmd_to_str(CMD_LIST));
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        if (argc > optind) {
                sub_usage(SHELP_LIST, CMD_LIST);
                return (Z_USAGE);
        }
        if (zone_id != GLOBAL_ZONEID) {
                fake_up_local_zone(zone_id, &zent);
                /*
                 * main() will issue a Z_NO_ZONE error if it cannot get an
                 * id for target_zone, which in a non-global zone should
                 * happen for any zone name except `zonename`.  Thus we
                 * assert() that here but don't otherwise check.
                 */
                assert(strcmp(zent.zname, target_zone) == 0);
                zone_print(&zent, verbose, parsable);
                output = B_TRUE;
        } else if ((zentp = lookup_running_zone(target_zone)) != NULL) {
                zone_print(zentp, verbose, parsable);
                output = B_TRUE;
        } else if (lookup_zone_info(target_zone, ZONE_ID_UNDEFINED,
            &zent) == Z_OK) {
                zone_print(&zent, verbose, parsable);
                output = B_TRUE;
        }

        /*
         * Invoke brand-specific handler. Note that we do this
         * only if we're in the global zone, and target_zone is specified
         * and it is not the global zone.
         */
        if (zone_id == GLOBAL_ZONEID && target_zone != NULL &&
            strcmp(target_zone, GLOBAL_ZONENAME) != 0)
                if (invoke_brand_handler(CMD_LIST, argv) != Z_OK)
                        return (Z_ERR);

        return (output ? Z_OK : Z_ERR);
}

int
do_subproc(char *cmdbuf)
{
        void (*saveint)(int);
        void (*saveterm)(int);
        void (*savequit)(int);
        void (*savehup)(int);
        int pid, child, status;

        if ((child = vfork()) == 0) {
                (void) execl("/bin/sh", "sh", "-c", cmdbuf, NULL);
        }

        if (child == -1)
                return (-1);

        saveint = sigset(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
        saveterm = sigset(SIGTERM, SIG_IGN);
        savequit = sigset(SIGQUIT, SIG_IGN);
        savehup = sigset(SIGHUP, SIG_IGN);

        while ((pid = waitpid(child, &status, 0)) != child && pid != -1)
                ;

        (void) sigset(SIGINT, saveint);
        (void) sigset(SIGTERM, saveterm);
        (void) sigset(SIGQUIT, savequit);
        (void) sigset(SIGHUP, savehup);

        return (pid == -1 ? -1 : status);
}

int
subproc_status(const char *cmd, int status, boolean_t verbose_failure)
{
        if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
                int exit_code = WEXITSTATUS(status);

                if ((verbose_failure) && (exit_code != ZONE_SUBPROC_OK))
                        zerror(gettext("'%s' failed with exit code %d."), cmd,
                            exit_code);

                return (exit_code);
        } else if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
                int signal = WTERMSIG(status);
                char sigstr[SIG2STR_MAX];

                if (sig2str(signal, sigstr) == 0) {
                        zerror(gettext("'%s' terminated by signal SIG%s."), cmd,
                            sigstr);
                } else {
                        zerror(gettext("'%s' terminated by an unknown signal."),
                            cmd);
                }
        } else {
                zerror(gettext("'%s' failed for unknown reasons."), cmd);
        }

        /*
         * Assume a subprocess that died due to a signal or an unknown error
         * should be considered an exit code of ZONE_SUBPROC_FATAL, as the
         * user will likely need to do some manual cleanup.
         */
        return (ZONE_SUBPROC_FATAL);
}

static int
auth_check(char *user, char *zone, int cmd_num)
{
        char authname[MAXAUTHS];

        switch (cmd_num) {
        case CMD_LIST:
        case CMD_HELP:
                return (Z_OK);
        case SOURCE_ZONE:
                (void) strlcpy(authname, ZONE_CLONEFROM_AUTH, MAXAUTHS);
                break;
        case CMD_BOOT:
        case CMD_HALT:
        case CMD_READY:
        case CMD_SHUTDOWN:
        case CMD_REBOOT:
        case CMD_SYSBOOT:
        case CMD_VERIFY:
        case CMD_INSTALL:
        case CMD_UNINSTALL:
        case CMD_MOUNT:
        case CMD_UNMOUNT:
        case CMD_CLONE:
        case CMD_MOVE:
        case CMD_DETACH:
        case CMD_ATTACH:
        case CMD_MARK:
        case CMD_APPLY:
        default:
                (void) strlcpy(authname, ZONE_MANAGE_AUTH, MAXAUTHS);
                break;
        }
        (void) strlcat(authname, KV_OBJECT, MAXAUTHS);
        (void) strlcat(authname, zone, MAXAUTHS);
        if (chkauthattr(authname, user) == 0) {
                return (Z_ERR);
        } else {
                /*
                 * Some subcommands, e.g. install, run subcommands,
                 * e.g. sysidcfg, that require a real uid of root,
                 *  so switch to root, here.
                 */
                if (setuid(0) == -1) {
                        zperror(gettext("insufficient privilege"), B_TRUE);
                        return (Z_ERR);
                }
                return (Z_OK);
        }
}

/*
 * Various sanity checks; make sure:
 * 1. We're in the global zone.
 * 2. The calling user has sufficient privilege.
 * 3. The target zone is neither the global zone nor anything starting with
 *    "SUNW".
 * 4a. If we're looking for a 'not running' (i.e., configured or installed)
 *     zone, the name service knows about it.
 * 4b. For some operations which expect a zone not to be running, that it is
 *     not already running (or ready).
 */
static int
sanity_check(char *zone, int cmd_num, boolean_t running,
    boolean_t unsafe_when_running, boolean_t force)
{
        zone_entry_t *zent;
        priv_set_t *privset;
        zone_state_t state, min_state;
        char kernzone[ZONENAME_MAX];
        FILE *fp;

        if (getzoneid() != GLOBAL_ZONEID) {
                switch (cmd_num) {
                case CMD_HALT:
                        zerror(gettext("use %s to %s this zone."), "halt(1M)",
                            cmd_to_str(cmd_num));
                        break;
                case CMD_SHUTDOWN:
                        zerror(gettext("use %s to %s this zone."),
                            "shutdown(1M)", cmd_to_str(cmd_num));
                        break;
                case CMD_REBOOT:
                        zerror(gettext("use %s to %s this zone."),
                            "reboot(1M)", cmd_to_str(cmd_num));
                        break;
                default:
                        zerror(gettext("must be in the global zone to %s a "
                            "zone."), cmd_to_str(cmd_num));
                        break;
                }
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        if ((privset = priv_allocset()) == NULL) {
                zerror(gettext("%s failed"), "priv_allocset");
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        if (getppriv(PRIV_EFFECTIVE, privset) != 0) {
                zerror(gettext("%s failed"), "getppriv");
                priv_freeset(privset);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        if (priv_isfullset(privset) == B_FALSE) {
                zerror(gettext("only a privileged user may %s a zone."),
                    cmd_to_str(cmd_num));
                priv_freeset(privset);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        priv_freeset(privset);

        if (zone == NULL) {
                zerror(gettext("no zone specified"));
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        if (auth_check(username, zone, cmd_num) == Z_ERR) {
                zerror(gettext("User %s is not authorized to %s this zone."),
                    username, cmd_to_str(cmd_num));
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        if (strcmp(zone, GLOBAL_ZONENAME) == 0) {
                zerror(gettext("%s operation is invalid for the global zone."),
                    cmd_to_str(cmd_num));
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        if (strncmp(zone, "SUNW", 4) == 0) {
                zerror(gettext("%s operation is invalid for zones starting "
                    "with SUNW."), cmd_to_str(cmd_num));
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        if (!zonecfg_in_alt_root()) {
                zent = lookup_running_zone(zone);
        } else if ((fp = zonecfg_open_scratch("", B_FALSE)) == NULL) {
                zent = NULL;
        } else {
                if (zonecfg_find_scratch(fp, zone, zonecfg_get_root(),
                    kernzone, sizeof (kernzone)) == 0)
                        zent = lookup_running_zone(kernzone);
                else
                        zent = NULL;
                zonecfg_close_scratch(fp);
        }

        /*
         * Look up from the kernel for 'running' zones.
         */
        if (running && !force) {
                if (zent == NULL) {
                        zerror(gettext("not running"));
                        return (Z_ERR);
                }
        } else {
                int err;

                if (unsafe_when_running && zent != NULL) {
                        /* check whether the zone is ready or running */
                        if ((err = zone_get_state(zent->zname,
                            &zent->zstate_num)) != Z_OK) {
                                errno = err;
                                zperror2(zent->zname,
                                    gettext("could not get state"));
                                /* can't tell, so hedge */
                                zent->zstate_str = "ready/running";
                        } else {
                                zent->zstate_str =
                                    zone_state_str(zent->zstate_num);
                        }
                        zerror(gettext("%s operation is invalid for %s zones."),
                            cmd_to_str(cmd_num), zent->zstate_str);
                        return (Z_ERR);
                }
                if ((err = zone_get_state(zone, &state)) != Z_OK) {
                        errno = err;
                        zperror2(zone, gettext("could not get state"));
                        return (Z_ERR);
                }
                switch (cmd_num) {
                case CMD_UNINSTALL:
                        if (state == ZONE_STATE_CONFIGURED) {
                                zerror(gettext("is already in state '%s'."),
                                    zone_state_str(ZONE_STATE_CONFIGURED));
                                return (Z_ERR);
                        }
                        break;
                case CMD_ATTACH:
                        if (state == ZONE_STATE_INSTALLED) {
                                zerror(gettext("is already %s."),
                                    zone_state_str(ZONE_STATE_INSTALLED));
                                return (Z_ERR);
                        } else if (state == ZONE_STATE_INCOMPLETE && !force) {
                                zerror(gettext("zone is %s; %s required."),
                                    zone_state_str(ZONE_STATE_INCOMPLETE),
                                    cmd_to_str(CMD_UNINSTALL));
                                return (Z_ERR);
                        }
                        break;
                case CMD_CLONE:
                case CMD_INSTALL:
                        if (state == ZONE_STATE_INSTALLED) {
                                zerror(gettext("is already %s."),
                                    zone_state_str(ZONE_STATE_INSTALLED));
                                return (Z_ERR);
                        } else if (state == ZONE_STATE_INCOMPLETE) {
                                zerror(gettext("zone is %s; %s required."),
                                    zone_state_str(ZONE_STATE_INCOMPLETE),
                                    cmd_to_str(CMD_UNINSTALL));
                                return (Z_ERR);
                        }
                        break;
                case CMD_DETACH:
                case CMD_MOVE:
                case CMD_READY:
                case CMD_BOOT:
                case CMD_MOUNT:
                case CMD_MARK:
                        if ((cmd_num == CMD_BOOT || cmd_num == CMD_MOUNT) &&
                            force)
                                min_state = ZONE_STATE_INCOMPLETE;
                        else if (cmd_num == CMD_MARK)
                                min_state = ZONE_STATE_CONFIGURED;
                        else
                                min_state = ZONE_STATE_INSTALLED;

                        if (state < min_state) {
                                zerror(gettext("must be %s before %s."),
                                    zone_state_str(min_state),
                                    cmd_to_str(cmd_num));
                                return (Z_ERR);
                        }
                        break;
                case CMD_VERIFY:
                        if (state == ZONE_STATE_INCOMPLETE) {
                                zerror(gettext("zone is %s; %s required."),
                                    zone_state_str(ZONE_STATE_INCOMPLETE),
                                    cmd_to_str(CMD_UNINSTALL));
                                return (Z_ERR);
                        }
                        break;
                case CMD_UNMOUNT:
                        if (state != ZONE_STATE_MOUNTED) {
                                zerror(gettext("must be %s before %s."),
                                    zone_state_str(ZONE_STATE_MOUNTED),
                                    cmd_to_str(cmd_num));
                                return (Z_ERR);
                        }
                        break;
                case CMD_SYSBOOT:
                        if (state != ZONE_STATE_INSTALLED) {
                                zerror(gettext("%s operation is invalid for %s "
                                    "zones."), cmd_to_str(cmd_num),
                                    zone_state_str(state));
                                return (Z_ERR);
                        }
                        break;
                }
        }
        return (Z_OK);
}

static int
halt_func(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        zone_cmd_arg_t zarg;
        int arg;

        if (zonecfg_in_alt_root()) {
                zerror(gettext("cannot halt zone in alternate root"));
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        optind = 0;
        if ((arg = getopt(argc, argv, "?")) != EOF) {
                switch (arg) {
                case '?':
                        sub_usage(SHELP_HALT, CMD_HALT);
                        return (optopt == '?' ? Z_OK : Z_USAGE);
                default:
                        sub_usage(SHELP_HALT, CMD_HALT);
                        return (Z_USAGE);
                }
        }
        if (argc > optind) {
                sub_usage(SHELP_HALT, CMD_HALT);
                return (Z_USAGE);
        }
        /*
         * zoneadmd should be the one to decide whether or not to proceed,
         * so even though it seems that the fourth parameter below should
         * perhaps be B_TRUE, it really shouldn't be.
         */
        if (sanity_check(target_zone, CMD_HALT, B_FALSE, B_FALSE, B_FALSE)
            != Z_OK)
                return (Z_ERR);

        /*
         * Invoke brand-specific handler.
         */
        if (invoke_brand_handler(CMD_HALT, argv) != Z_OK)
                return (Z_ERR);

        zarg.cmd = Z_HALT;
        return ((zonecfg_call_zoneadmd(target_zone, &zarg, locale,
            B_TRUE) == 0) ?  Z_OK : Z_ERR);
}

static int
shutdown_func(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        zone_cmd_arg_t zarg;
        int arg;
        boolean_t reboot = B_FALSE;

        zarg.cmd = Z_SHUTDOWN;

        if (zonecfg_in_alt_root()) {
                zerror(gettext("cannot shut down zone in alternate root"));
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        optind = 0;
        while ((arg = getopt(argc, argv, "?r")) != EOF) {
                switch (arg) {
                case '?':
                        sub_usage(SHELP_SHUTDOWN, CMD_SHUTDOWN);
                        return (optopt == '?' ? Z_OK : Z_USAGE);
                case 'r':
                        reboot = B_TRUE;
                        break;
                default:
                        sub_usage(SHELP_SHUTDOWN, CMD_SHUTDOWN);
                        return (Z_USAGE);
                }
        }

        zarg.bootbuf[0] = '\0';
        for (; optind < argc; optind++) {
                if (strlcat(zarg.bootbuf, argv[optind],
                    sizeof (zarg.bootbuf)) >= sizeof (zarg.bootbuf)) {
                        zerror(gettext("Boot argument list too long"));
                        return (Z_ERR);
                }
                if (optind < argc - 1)
                        if (strlcat(zarg.bootbuf, " ", sizeof (zarg.bootbuf)) >=
                            sizeof (zarg.bootbuf)) {
                                zerror(gettext("Boot argument list too long"));
                                return (Z_ERR);
                        }
        }

        /*
         * zoneadmd should be the one to decide whether or not to proceed,
         * so even though it seems that the third parameter below should
         * perhaps be B_TRUE, it really shouldn't be.
         */
        if (sanity_check(target_zone, CMD_SHUTDOWN, B_TRUE, B_FALSE, B_FALSE)
            != Z_OK)
                return (Z_ERR);

        if (zonecfg_call_zoneadmd(target_zone, &zarg, locale, B_TRUE) != Z_OK)
                return (Z_ERR);

        if (reboot) {
                if (sanity_check(target_zone, CMD_BOOT, B_FALSE, B_FALSE,
                    B_FALSE) != Z_OK)
                        return (Z_ERR);

                zarg.cmd = Z_BOOT;
                if (zonecfg_call_zoneadmd(target_zone, &zarg, locale,
                    B_TRUE) != Z_OK)
                        return (Z_ERR);
        }
        return (Z_OK);
}

static int
reboot_func(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        zone_cmd_arg_t zarg;
        int arg;

        if (zonecfg_in_alt_root()) {
                zerror(gettext("cannot reboot zone in alternate root"));
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        optind = 0;
        if ((arg = getopt(argc, argv, "?")) != EOF) {
                switch (arg) {
                case '?':
                        sub_usage(SHELP_REBOOT, CMD_REBOOT);
                        return (optopt == '?' ? Z_OK : Z_USAGE);
                default:
                        sub_usage(SHELP_REBOOT, CMD_REBOOT);
                        return (Z_USAGE);
                }
        }

        zarg.bootbuf[0] = '\0';
        for (; optind < argc; optind++) {
                if (strlcat(zarg.bootbuf, argv[optind],
                    sizeof (zarg.bootbuf)) >= sizeof (zarg.bootbuf)) {
                        zerror(gettext("Boot argument list too long"));
                        return (Z_ERR);
                }
                if (optind < argc - 1)
                        if (strlcat(zarg.bootbuf, " ", sizeof (zarg.bootbuf)) >=
                            sizeof (zarg.bootbuf)) {
                                zerror(gettext("Boot argument list too long"));
                                return (Z_ERR);
                        }
        }


        /*
         * zoneadmd should be the one to decide whether or not to proceed,
         * so even though it seems that the fourth parameter below should
         * perhaps be B_TRUE, it really shouldn't be.
         */
        if (sanity_check(target_zone, CMD_REBOOT, B_TRUE, B_FALSE, B_FALSE)
            != Z_OK)
                return (Z_ERR);
        if (verify_details(CMD_REBOOT, argv) != Z_OK)
                return (Z_ERR);

        zarg.cmd = Z_REBOOT;
        return ((zonecfg_call_zoneadmd(target_zone, &zarg, locale, B_TRUE) == 0)
            ? Z_OK : Z_ERR);
}

static int
get_hook(brand_handle_t bh, char *cmd, size_t len, int (*bp)(brand_handle_t,
    const char *, const char *, char *, size_t), char *zonename, char *zonepath)
{
        if (strlcpy(cmd, EXEC_PREFIX, len) >= len)
                return (Z_ERR);

        if (bp(bh, zonename, zonepath, cmd + EXEC_LEN, len - EXEC_LEN) != 0)
                return (Z_ERR);

        if (strlen(cmd) <= EXEC_LEN)
                cmd[0] = '\0';

        return (Z_OK);
}

static int
verify_brand(zone_dochandle_t handle, int cmd_num, char *argv[])
{
        char cmdbuf[MAXPATHLEN];
        int err;
        char zonepath[MAXPATHLEN];
        brand_handle_t bh = NULL;
        int status, i;

        /*
         * Fetch the verify command from the brand configuration.
         * "exec" the command so that the returned status is that of
         * the command and not the shell.
         */
        if (handle == NULL) {
                (void) strlcpy(zonepath, "-", sizeof (zonepath));
        } else if ((err = zonecfg_get_zonepath(handle, zonepath,
            sizeof (zonepath))) != Z_OK) {
                errno = err;
                zperror(cmd_to_str(cmd_num), B_TRUE);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        if ((bh = brand_open(target_brand)) == NULL) {
                zerror(gettext("missing or invalid brand"));
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        /*
         * If the brand has its own verification routine, execute it now.
         * The verification routine validates the intended zoneadm
         * operation for the specific brand. The zoneadm subcommand and
         * all its arguments are passed to the routine.
         */
        err = get_hook(bh, cmdbuf, sizeof (cmdbuf), brand_get_verify_adm,
            target_zone, zonepath);
        brand_close(bh);
        if (err != Z_OK)
                return (Z_BRAND_ERROR);
        if (cmdbuf[0] == '\0')
                return (Z_OK);

        if (strlcat(cmdbuf, cmd_to_str(cmd_num),
            sizeof (cmdbuf)) >= sizeof (cmdbuf))
                return (Z_ERR);

        /* Build the argv string */
        i = 0;
        while (argv[i] != NULL) {
                if ((strlcat(cmdbuf, " ",
                    sizeof (cmdbuf)) >= sizeof (cmdbuf)) ||
                    (strlcat(cmdbuf, argv[i++],
                    sizeof (cmdbuf)) >= sizeof (cmdbuf)))
                        return (Z_ERR);
        }

        status = do_subproc(cmdbuf);
        err = subproc_status(gettext("brand-specific verification"),
            status, B_FALSE);

        return ((err == ZONE_SUBPROC_OK) ? Z_OK : Z_BRAND_ERROR);
}

static int
verify_rctls(zone_dochandle_t handle)
{
        struct zone_rctltab rctltab;
        size_t rbs = rctlblk_size();
        rctlblk_t *rctlblk;
        int error = Z_INVAL;

        if ((rctlblk = malloc(rbs)) == NULL) {
                zerror(gettext("failed to allocate %lu bytes: %s"), rbs,
                    strerror(errno));
                return (Z_NOMEM);
        }

        if (zonecfg_setrctlent(handle) != Z_OK) {
                zerror(gettext("zonecfg_setrctlent failed"));
                free(rctlblk);
                return (error);
        }

        rctltab.zone_rctl_valptr = NULL;
        while (zonecfg_getrctlent(handle, &rctltab) == Z_OK) {
                struct zone_rctlvaltab *rctlval;
                const char *name = rctltab.zone_rctl_name;

                if (!zonecfg_is_rctl(name)) {
                        zerror(gettext("WARNING: Ignoring unrecognized rctl "
                            "'%s'."),  name);
                        zonecfg_free_rctl_value_list(rctltab.zone_rctl_valptr);
                        rctltab.zone_rctl_valptr = NULL;
                        continue;
                }

                for (rctlval = rctltab.zone_rctl_valptr; rctlval != NULL;
                    rctlval = rctlval->zone_rctlval_next) {
                        if (zonecfg_construct_rctlblk(rctlval, rctlblk)
                            != Z_OK) {
                                zerror(gettext("invalid rctl value: "
                                    "(priv=%s,limit=%s,action%s)"),
                                    rctlval->zone_rctlval_priv,
                                    rctlval->zone_rctlval_limit,
                                    rctlval->zone_rctlval_action);
                                goto out;
                        }
                        if (!zonecfg_valid_rctl(name, rctlblk)) {
                                zerror(gettext("(priv=%s,limit=%s,action=%s) "
                                    "is not a valid value for rctl '%s'"),
                                    rctlval->zone_rctlval_priv,
                                    rctlval->zone_rctlval_limit,
                                    rctlval->zone_rctlval_action,
                                    name);
                                goto out;
                        }
                }
                zonecfg_free_rctl_value_list(rctltab.zone_rctl_valptr);
        }
        rctltab.zone_rctl_valptr = NULL;
        error = Z_OK;
out:
        zonecfg_free_rctl_value_list(rctltab.zone_rctl_valptr);
        (void) zonecfg_endrctlent(handle);
        free(rctlblk);
        return (error);
}

static int
verify_pool(zone_dochandle_t handle)
{
        char poolname[MAXPATHLEN];
        pool_conf_t *poolconf;
        pool_t *pool;
        int status;
        int error;

        /*
         * This ends up being very similar to the check done in zoneadmd.
         */
        error = zonecfg_get_pool(handle, poolname, sizeof (poolname));
        if (error == Z_NO_ENTRY || (error == Z_OK && strlen(poolname) == 0)) {
                /*
                 * No pool specified.
                 */
                return (0);
        }
        if (error != Z_OK) {
                zperror(gettext("Unable to retrieve pool name from "
                    "configuration"), B_TRUE);
                return (error);
        }
        /*
         * Don't do anything if pools aren't enabled.
         */
        if (pool_get_status(&status) != PO_SUCCESS || status != POOL_ENABLED) {
                zerror(gettext("WARNING: pools facility not active; "
                    "zone will not be bound to pool '%s'."), poolname);
                return (Z_OK);
        }
        /*
         * Try to provide a sane error message if the requested pool doesn't
         * exist.  It isn't clear that pools-related failures should
         * necessarily translate to a failure to verify the zone configuration,
         * hence they are not considered errors.
         */
        if ((poolconf = pool_conf_alloc()) == NULL) {
                zerror(gettext("WARNING: pool_conf_alloc failed; "
                    "using default pool"));
                return (Z_OK);
        }
        if (pool_conf_open(poolconf, pool_dynamic_location(), PO_RDONLY) !=
            PO_SUCCESS) {
                zerror(gettext("WARNING: pool_conf_open failed; "
                    "using default pool"));
                pool_conf_free(poolconf);
                return (Z_OK);
        }
        pool = pool_get_pool(poolconf, poolname);
        (void) pool_conf_close(poolconf);
        pool_conf_free(poolconf);
        if (pool == NULL) {
                zerror(gettext("WARNING: pool '%s' not found. "
                    "using default pool"), poolname);
        }

        return (Z_OK);
}

/*
 * Verify that the special device/file system exists and is valid.
 */
static int
verify_fs_special(struct zone_fstab *fstab)
{
        struct stat64 st;

        /*
         * This validation is really intended for standard zone administration.
         * If we are in a mini-root or some other upgrade situation where
         * we are using the scratch zone, just by-pass this.
         */
        if (zonecfg_in_alt_root())
                return (Z_OK);

        if (strcmp(fstab->zone_fs_type, MNTTYPE_ZFS) == 0)
                return (verify_fs_zfs(fstab));

        if (stat64(fstab->zone_fs_special, &st) != 0) {
                (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("could not verify fs "
                    "%s: could not access %s: %s\n"), fstab->zone_fs_dir,
                    fstab->zone_fs_special, strerror(errno));
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        if (strcmp(st.st_fstype, MNTTYPE_NFS) == 0) {
                /*
                 * TRANSLATION_NOTE
                 * fs and NFS are literals that should
                 * not be translated.
                 */
                (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("cannot verify "
                    "fs %s: NFS mounted file system.\n"
                    "\tA local file system must be used.\n"),
                    fstab->zone_fs_special);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        return (Z_OK);
}

static int
isregfile(const char *path)
{
        struct stat64 st;

        if (stat64(path, &st) == -1)
                return (-1);

        return (S_ISREG(st.st_mode));
}

static int
verify_filesystems(zone_dochandle_t handle)
{
        int return_code = Z_OK;
        struct zone_fstab fstab;
        char cmdbuf[MAXPATHLEN];
        struct stat st;

        /*
         * Since the actual mount point is not known until the dependent mounts
         * are performed, we don't attempt any path validation here: that will
         * happen later when zoneadmd actually does the mounts.
         */
        if (zonecfg_setfsent(handle) != Z_OK) {
                (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("could not verify file systems: "
                    "unable to enumerate mounts\n"));
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        while (zonecfg_getfsent(handle, &fstab) == Z_OK) {
                if (!zonecfg_valid_fs_type(fstab.zone_fs_type)) {
                        (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("cannot verify fs %s: "
                            "type %s is not allowed.\n"), fstab.zone_fs_dir,
                            fstab.zone_fs_type);
                        return_code = Z_ERR;
                        goto next_fs;
                }
                /*
                 * Verify /usr/lib/fs/<fstype>/mount exists.
                 */
                if (snprintf(cmdbuf, sizeof (cmdbuf), "/usr/lib/fs/%s/mount",
                    fstab.zone_fs_type) > sizeof (cmdbuf)) {
                        (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("cannot verify fs %s: "
                            "type %s is too long.\n"), fstab.zone_fs_dir,
                            fstab.zone_fs_type);
                        return_code = Z_ERR;
                        goto next_fs;
                }
                if (stat(cmdbuf, &st) != 0) {
                        (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("could not verify fs "
                            "%s: could not access %s: %s\n"), fstab.zone_fs_dir,
                            cmdbuf, strerror(errno));
                        return_code = Z_ERR;
                        goto next_fs;
                }
                if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
                        (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("could not verify fs "
                            "%s: %s is not a regular file\n"),
                            fstab.zone_fs_dir, cmdbuf);
                        return_code = Z_ERR;
                        goto next_fs;
                }
                /*
                 * If zone_fs_raw is set, verify that there's an fsck
                 * binary for it.  If zone_fs_raw is not set, and it's
                 * not a regular file (lofi mount), and there's an fsck
                 * binary for it, complain.
                 */
                if (snprintf(cmdbuf, sizeof (cmdbuf), "/usr/lib/fs/%s/fsck",
                    fstab.zone_fs_type) > sizeof (cmdbuf)) {
                        (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("cannot verify fs %s: "
                            "type %s is too long.\n"), fstab.zone_fs_dir,
                            fstab.zone_fs_type);
                        return_code = Z_ERR;
                        goto next_fs;
                }
                if (fstab.zone_fs_raw[0] != '\0' &&
                    (stat(cmdbuf, &st) != 0 || !S_ISREG(st.st_mode))) {
                        (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("cannot verify fs %s: "
                            "'raw' device specified but "
                            "no fsck executable exists for %s\n"),
                            fstab.zone_fs_dir, fstab.zone_fs_type);
                        return_code = Z_ERR;
                        goto next_fs;
                } else if (fstab.zone_fs_raw[0] == '\0' &&
                    stat(cmdbuf, &st) == 0 &&
                    isregfile(fstab.zone_fs_special) != 1) {
                        (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("could not verify fs "
                            "%s: must specify 'raw' device for %s "
                            "file systems\n"),
                            fstab.zone_fs_dir, fstab.zone_fs_type);
                        return_code = Z_ERR;
                        goto next_fs;
                }

                /* Verify fs_special. */
                if ((return_code = verify_fs_special(&fstab)) != Z_OK)
                        goto next_fs;

                /* Verify fs_raw. */
                if (fstab.zone_fs_raw[0] != '\0' &&
                    stat(fstab.zone_fs_raw, &st) != 0) {
                        /*
                         * TRANSLATION_NOTE
                         * fs is a literal that should not be translated.
                         */
                        (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("could not verify fs "
                            "%s: could not access %s: %s\n"), fstab.zone_fs_dir,
                            fstab.zone_fs_raw, strerror(errno));
                        return_code = Z_ERR;
                        goto next_fs;
                }
next_fs:
                zonecfg_free_fs_option_list(fstab.zone_fs_options);
        }
        (void) zonecfg_endfsent(handle);

        return (return_code);
}

static int
verify_limitpriv(zone_dochandle_t handle)
{
        char *privname = NULL;
        int err;
        priv_set_t *privs;

        if ((privs = priv_allocset()) == NULL) {
                zperror(gettext("failed to allocate privilege set"), B_FALSE);
                return (Z_NOMEM);
        }
        err = zonecfg_get_privset(handle, privs, &privname);
        switch (err) {
        case Z_OK:
                break;
        case Z_PRIV_PROHIBITED:
                (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("privilege \"%s\" is not "
                    "permitted within the zone's privilege set\n"), privname);
                break;
        case Z_PRIV_REQUIRED:
                (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("required privilege \"%s\" is "
                    "missing from the zone's privilege set\n"), privname);
                break;
        case Z_PRIV_UNKNOWN:
                (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("unknown privilege \"%s\" "
                    "specified in the zone's privilege set\n"), privname);
                break;
        default:
                zperror(
                    gettext("failed to determine the zone's privilege set"),
                    B_TRUE);
                break;
        }
        free(privname);
        priv_freeset(privs);
        return (err);
}

static void
free_local_netifs(int if_cnt, struct net_if **if_list)
{
        int             i;

        for (i = 0; i < if_cnt; i++) {
                free(if_list[i]->name);
                free(if_list[i]);
        }
        free(if_list);
}

/*
 * Get a list of the network interfaces, along with their address families,
 * that are plumbed in the global zone.  See if_tcp(7p) for a description
 * of the ioctls used here.
 */
static int
get_local_netifs(int *if_cnt, struct net_if ***if_list)
{
        int             s;
        int             i;
        int             res = Z_OK;
        int             space_needed;
        int             cnt = 0;
        struct          lifnum if_num;
        struct          lifconf if_conf;
        struct          lifreq *if_reqp;
        char            *if_buf;
        struct net_if   **local_ifs = NULL;

        *if_cnt = 0;
        *if_list = NULL;

        if ((s = socket(SOCKET_AF(AF_INET), SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0)
                return (Z_ERR);

        /*
         * Come back here in the unlikely event that the number of interfaces
         * increases between the time we get the count and the time we do the
         * SIOCGLIFCONF ioctl.
         */
retry:
        /* Get the number of interfaces. */
        if_num.lifn_family = AF_UNSPEC;
        if_num.lifn_flags = LIFC_NOXMIT;
        if (ioctl(s, SIOCGLIFNUM, &if_num) < 0) {
                (void) close(s);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        /* Get the interface configuration list. */
        space_needed = if_num.lifn_count * sizeof (struct lifreq);
        if ((if_buf = malloc(space_needed)) == NULL) {
                (void) close(s);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        if_conf.lifc_family = AF_UNSPEC;
        if_conf.lifc_flags = LIFC_NOXMIT;
        if_conf.lifc_len = space_needed;
        if_conf.lifc_buf = if_buf;
        if (ioctl(s, SIOCGLIFCONF, &if_conf) < 0) {
                free(if_buf);
                /*
                 * SIOCGLIFCONF returns EINVAL if the buffer we passed in is
                 * too small.  In this case go back and get the new if cnt.
                 */
                if (errno == EINVAL)
                        goto retry;

                (void) close(s);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        (void) close(s);

        /* Get the name and address family for each interface. */
        if_reqp = if_conf.lifc_req;
        for (i = 0; i < (if_conf.lifc_len / sizeof (struct lifreq)); i++) {
                struct net_if   **p;
                struct lifreq   req;

                if (strcmp(LOOPBACK_IF, if_reqp->lifr_name) == 0) {
                        if_reqp++;
                        continue;
                }

                if ((s = socket(SOCKET_AF(if_reqp->lifr_addr.ss_family),
                    SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) == -1) {
                        res = Z_ERR;
                        break;
                }

                (void) strncpy(req.lifr_name, if_reqp->lifr_name,
                    sizeof (req.lifr_name));
                if (ioctl(s, SIOCGLIFADDR, &req) < 0) {
                        (void) close(s);
                        if_reqp++;
                        continue;
                }

                if ((p = reallocarray(local_ifs, cnt + 1,
                    sizeof (struct net_if *))) == NULL) {
                        res = Z_ERR;
                        break;
                }
                local_ifs = p;

                if ((local_ifs[cnt] = malloc(sizeof (struct net_if))) == NULL) {
                        res = Z_ERR;
                        break;
                }

                if ((local_ifs[cnt]->name = strdup(if_reqp->lifr_name))
                    == NULL) {
                        free(local_ifs[cnt]);
                        res = Z_ERR;
                        break;
                }
                local_ifs[cnt]->af = req.lifr_addr.ss_family;
                cnt++;

                (void) close(s);
                if_reqp++;
        }

        free(if_buf);

        if (res != Z_OK) {
                free_local_netifs(cnt, local_ifs);
        } else {
                *if_cnt = cnt;
                *if_list = local_ifs;
        }

        return (res);
}

static char *
af2str(int af)
{
        switch (af) {
        case AF_INET:
                return ("IPv4");
        case AF_INET6:
                return ("IPv6");
        default:
                return ("Unknown");
        }
}

/*
 * Cross check the network interface name and address family with the
 * interfaces that are set up in the global zone so that we can print the
 * appropriate error message.
 */
static void
print_net_err(char *phys, char *addr, int af, char *msg)
{
        int             i;
        int             local_if_cnt = 0;
        struct net_if   **local_ifs = NULL;
        boolean_t       found_if = B_FALSE;
        boolean_t       found_af = B_FALSE;

        if (get_local_netifs(&local_if_cnt, &local_ifs) != Z_OK) {
                (void) fprintf(stderr,
                    gettext("could not verify %s %s=%s %s=%s\n\t%s\n"),
                    "net", "address", addr, "physical", phys, msg);
                return;
        }

        for (i = 0; i < local_if_cnt; i++) {
                if (strcmp(phys, local_ifs[i]->name) == 0) {
                        found_if = B_TRUE;
                        if (af == local_ifs[i]->af) {
                                found_af = B_TRUE;
                                break;
                        }
                }
        }

        free_local_netifs(local_if_cnt, local_ifs);

        if (!found_if) {
                (void) fprintf(stderr,
                    gettext("could not verify %s %s=%s\n\t"
                    "network interface %s is not plumbed in the global zone\n"),
                    "net", "physical", phys, phys);
                return;
        }

        /*
         * Print this error if we were unable to find the address family
         * for this interface.  If the af variable is not initialized to
         * to something meaningful by the caller (not AF_UNSPEC) then we
         * also skip this message since it wouldn't be informative.
         */
        if (!found_af && af != AF_UNSPEC) {
                (void) fprintf(stderr,
                    gettext("could not verify %s %s=%s %s=%s\n\tthe %s address "
                    "family is not configured on this network interface in "
                    "the\n\tglobal zone\n"),
                    "net", "address", addr, "physical", phys, af2str(af));
                return;
        }

        (void) fprintf(stderr,
            gettext("could not verify %s %s=%s %s=%s\n\t%s\n"),
            "net", "address", addr, "physical", phys, msg);
}

static int
verify_handle(int cmd_num, zone_dochandle_t handle, char *argv[])
{
        struct zone_nwiftab nwiftab;
        int return_code = Z_OK;
        int err;
        boolean_t in_alt_root;
        zone_iptype_t iptype;
        dladm_handle_t dh;
        dladm_status_t status;
        datalink_id_t linkid;
        char errmsg[DLADM_STRSIZE];

        in_alt_root = zonecfg_in_alt_root();
        if (in_alt_root)
                goto no_net;

        if ((err = zonecfg_get_iptype(handle, &iptype)) != Z_OK) {
                errno = err;
                zperror(cmd_to_str(cmd_num), B_TRUE);
                zonecfg_fini_handle(handle);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        if ((err = zonecfg_setnwifent(handle)) != Z_OK) {
                errno = err;
                zperror(cmd_to_str(cmd_num), B_TRUE);
                zonecfg_fini_handle(handle);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        while (zonecfg_getnwifent(handle, &nwiftab) == Z_OK) {
                struct lifreq lifr;
                sa_family_t af = AF_UNSPEC;
                char dl_owner_zname[ZONENAME_MAX];
                zoneid_t dl_owner_zid;
                zoneid_t target_zid;
                int res;

                /* skip any loopback interfaces */
                if (strcmp(nwiftab.zone_nwif_physical, "lo0") == 0)
                        continue;
                switch (iptype) {
                case ZS_SHARED:
                        if ((res = zonecfg_valid_net_address(
                            nwiftab.zone_nwif_address, &lifr)) != Z_OK) {
                                print_net_err(nwiftab.zone_nwif_physical,
                                    nwiftab.zone_nwif_address, af,
                                    zonecfg_strerror(res));
                                return_code = Z_ERR;
                                continue;
                        }
                        af = lifr.lifr_addr.ss_family;
                        if (!zonecfg_ifname_exists(af,
                            nwiftab.zone_nwif_physical)) {
                                /*
                                 * The interface failed to come up. We continue
                                 * on anyway for the sake of consistency: a
                                 * zone is not shut down if the interface fails
                                 * any time after boot, nor does the global zone
                                 * fail to boot if an interface fails.
                                 */
                                (void) fprintf(stderr,
                                    gettext("WARNING: skipping network "
                                    "interface '%s' which may not be "
                                    "present/plumbed in the global "
                                    "zone.\n"),
                                    nwiftab.zone_nwif_physical);
                        }
                        break;
                case ZS_EXCLUSIVE:
                        /* Warning if it exists for either IPv4 or IPv6 */

                        if (zonecfg_ifname_exists(AF_INET,
                            nwiftab.zone_nwif_physical) ||
                            zonecfg_ifname_exists(AF_INET6,
                            nwiftab.zone_nwif_physical)) {
                                (void) fprintf(stderr,
                                    gettext("WARNING: skipping network "
                                    "interface '%s' which is used in the "
                                    "global zone.\n"),
                                    nwiftab.zone_nwif_physical);
                                break;
                        }

                        /*
                         * Verify that the datalink exists and that it isn't
                         * already assigned to a zone.
                         */
                        if ((status = dladm_open(&dh)) == DLADM_STATUS_OK) {
                                status = dladm_name2info(dh,
                                    nwiftab.zone_nwif_physical, &linkid, NULL,
                                    NULL, NULL);
                                dladm_close(dh);
                        }
                        if (status != DLADM_STATUS_OK) {
                                (void) fprintf(stderr,
                                    gettext("WARNING: skipping network "
                                    "interface '%s': %s\n"),
                                    nwiftab.zone_nwif_physical,
                                    dladm_status2str(status, errmsg));
                                break;
                        }
                        dl_owner_zid = ALL_ZONES;
                        if (zone_check_datalink(&dl_owner_zid, linkid) != 0)
                                break;

                        /*
                         * If the zone being verified is
                         * running and owns the interface
                         */
                        target_zid = getzoneidbyname(target_zone);
                        if (target_zid == dl_owner_zid)
                                break;

                        /* Zone id match failed, use name to check */
                        if (getzonenamebyid(dl_owner_zid, dl_owner_zname,
                            ZONENAME_MAX) < 0) {
                                /* No name, show ID instead */
                                (void) snprintf(dl_owner_zname, ZONENAME_MAX,
                                    "<%d>", dl_owner_zid);
                        } else if (strcmp(dl_owner_zname, target_zone) == 0)
                                break;

                        /*
                         * Note here we only report a warning that
                         * the interface is already in use by another
                         * running zone, and the verify process just
                         * goes on, if the interface is still in use
                         * when this zone really boots up, zoneadmd
                         * will find it. If the name of the zone which
                         * owns this interface cannot be determined,
                         * then it is not possible to determine if there
                         * is a conflict so just report it as a warning.
                         */
                        (void) fprintf(stderr,
                            gettext("WARNING: skipping network interface "
                            "'%s' which is used by the non-global zone "
                            "'%s'.\n"), nwiftab.zone_nwif_physical,
                            dl_owner_zname);
                        break;
                }
        }
        (void) zonecfg_endnwifent(handle);
no_net:

        /* verify that lofs has not been excluded from the kernel */
        if (!(cmd_num == CMD_DETACH || cmd_num == CMD_ATTACH ||
            cmd_num == CMD_MOVE || cmd_num == CMD_CLONE) &&
            modctl(MODLOAD, 1, "fs/lofs", NULL) != 0) {
                if (errno == ENXIO)
                        (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("could not verify "
                            "lofs(7FS): possibly excluded in /etc/system\n"));
                else
                        (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("could not verify "
                            "lofs(7FS): %s\n"), strerror(errno));
                return_code = Z_ERR;
        }

        if (verify_filesystems(handle) != Z_OK)
                return_code = Z_ERR;
        if (!in_alt_root && verify_rctls(handle) != Z_OK)
                return_code = Z_ERR;
        if (!in_alt_root && verify_pool(handle) != Z_OK)
                return_code = Z_ERR;
        if (!in_alt_root && verify_brand(handle, cmd_num, argv) != Z_OK)
                return_code = Z_ERR;
        if (!in_alt_root && verify_datasets(handle) != Z_OK)
                return_code = Z_ERR;

        /*
         * As the "mount" command is used for patching/upgrading of zones
         * or other maintenance processes, the zone's privilege set is not
         * checked in this case.  Instead, the default, safe set of
         * privileges will be used when this zone is created in the
         * kernel.
         */
        if (!in_alt_root && cmd_num != CMD_MOUNT &&
            verify_limitpriv(handle) != Z_OK)
                return_code = Z_ERR;

        return (return_code);
}

static int
verify_details(int cmd_num, char *argv[])
{
        zone_dochandle_t handle;
        char zonepath[MAXPATHLEN], checkpath[MAXPATHLEN];
        int return_code = Z_OK;
        int err;

        if ((handle = zonecfg_init_handle()) == NULL) {
                zperror(cmd_to_str(cmd_num), B_TRUE);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        if ((err = zonecfg_get_handle(target_zone, handle)) != Z_OK) {
                errno = err;
                zperror(cmd_to_str(cmd_num), B_TRUE);
                zonecfg_fini_handle(handle);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        if ((err = zonecfg_get_zonepath(handle, zonepath, sizeof (zonepath))) !=
            Z_OK) {
                errno = err;
                zperror(cmd_to_str(cmd_num), B_TRUE);
                zonecfg_fini_handle(handle);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        /*
         * zonecfg_get_zonepath() gets its data from the XML repository.
         * Verify this against the index file, which is checked first by
         * zone_get_zonepath().  If they don't match, bail out.
         */
        if ((err = zone_get_zonepath(target_zone, checkpath,
            sizeof (checkpath))) != Z_OK) {
                errno = err;
                zperror2(target_zone, gettext("could not get zone path"));
                zonecfg_fini_handle(handle);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        if (strcmp(zonepath, checkpath) != 0) {
                /*
                 * TRANSLATION_NOTE
                 * XML and zonepath are literals that should not be translated.
                 */
                (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("The XML repository has "
                    "zonepath '%s',\nbut the index file has zonepath '%s'.\n"
                    "These must match, so fix the incorrect entry.\n"),
                    zonepath, checkpath);
                zonecfg_fini_handle(handle);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        if (cmd_num != CMD_ATTACH &&
            validate_zonepath(zonepath, cmd_num) != Z_OK) {
                (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("could not verify zonepath %s "
                    "because of the above errors.\n"), zonepath);
                return_code = Z_ERR;
        }

        if (verify_handle(cmd_num, handle, argv) != Z_OK)
                return_code = Z_ERR;

        zonecfg_fini_handle(handle);
        if (return_code == Z_ERR)
                (void) fprintf(stderr,
                    gettext("%s: zone %s failed to verify\n"),
                    execname, target_zone);
        return (return_code);
}

static int
verify_func(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        int arg;

        optind = 0;
        if ((arg = getopt(argc, argv, "?")) != EOF) {
                switch (arg) {
                case '?':
                        sub_usage(SHELP_VERIFY, CMD_VERIFY);
                        return (optopt == '?' ? Z_OK : Z_USAGE);
                default:
                        sub_usage(SHELP_VERIFY, CMD_VERIFY);
                        return (Z_USAGE);
                }
        }
        if (argc > optind) {
                sub_usage(SHELP_VERIFY, CMD_VERIFY);
                return (Z_USAGE);
        }
        if (sanity_check(target_zone, CMD_VERIFY, B_FALSE, B_FALSE, B_FALSE)
            != Z_OK)
                return (Z_ERR);
        return (verify_details(CMD_VERIFY, argv));
}

static int
addoptions(char *buf, char *argv[], size_t len)
{
        int i = 0;

        if (buf[0] == '\0')
                return (Z_OK);

        while (argv[i] != NULL) {
                if (strlcat(buf, " ", len) >= len ||
                    strlcat(buf, argv[i++], len) >= len) {
                        zerror("Command line too long");
                        return (Z_ERR);
                }
        }

        return (Z_OK);
}

static int
addopt(char *buf, int opt, char *optarg, size_t bufsize)
{
        char optstring[4];

        if (opt > 0)
                (void) sprintf(optstring, " -%c", opt);
        else
                (void) strcpy(optstring, " ");

        if ((strlcat(buf, optstring, bufsize) > bufsize))
                return (Z_ERR);

        if ((optarg != NULL) && (strlcat(buf, optarg, bufsize) > bufsize))
                return (Z_ERR);

        return (Z_OK);
}

/* ARGSUSED */
static int
install_func(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        char cmdbuf[MAXPATHLEN];
        char postcmdbuf[MAXPATHLEN];
        int lockfd;
        int arg, err, subproc_err;
        char zonepath[MAXPATHLEN];
        brand_handle_t bh = NULL;
        int status;
        boolean_t do_postinstall = B_FALSE;
        boolean_t brand_help = B_FALSE;
        char opts[128];

        if (target_zone == NULL) {
                sub_usage(SHELP_INSTALL, CMD_INSTALL);
                return (Z_USAGE);
        }

        if (zonecfg_in_alt_root()) {
                zerror(gettext("cannot install zone in alternate root"));
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        if ((err = zone_get_zonepath(target_zone, zonepath,
            sizeof (zonepath))) != Z_OK) {
                errno = err;
                zperror2(target_zone, gettext("could not get zone path"));
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        /* Fetch the install command from the brand configuration.  */
        if ((bh = brand_open(target_brand)) == NULL) {
                zerror(gettext("missing or invalid brand"));
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        if (get_hook(bh, cmdbuf, sizeof (cmdbuf), brand_get_install,
            target_zone, zonepath) != Z_OK) {
                zerror("invalid brand configuration: missing install resource");
                brand_close(bh);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        if (get_hook(bh, postcmdbuf, sizeof (postcmdbuf), brand_get_postinstall,
            target_zone, zonepath) != Z_OK) {
                zerror("invalid brand configuration: missing postinstall "
                    "resource");
                brand_close(bh);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        if (postcmdbuf[0] != '\0')
                do_postinstall = B_TRUE;

        (void) strcpy(opts, "?x:");
        /*
         * Fetch the list of recognized command-line options from
         * the brand configuration file.
         */
        if (brand_get_installopts(bh, opts + strlen(opts),
            sizeof (opts) - strlen(opts)) != 0) {
                zerror("invalid brand configuration: missing "
                    "install options resource");
                brand_close(bh);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        brand_close(bh);

        if (cmdbuf[0] == '\0') {
                zerror("Missing brand install command");
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        /* Check the argv string for args we handle internally */
        optind = 0;
        opterr = 0;
        while ((arg = getopt(argc, argv, opts)) != EOF) {
                switch (arg) {
                case '?':
                        if (optopt == '?') {
                                sub_usage(SHELP_INSTALL, CMD_INSTALL);
                                brand_help = B_TRUE;
                        }
                        /* Ignore unknown options - may be brand specific. */
                        break;
                default:
                        /* Ignore unknown options - may be brand specific. */
                        break;
                }

                /*
                 * Append the option to the command line passed to the
                 * brand-specific install and postinstall routines.
                 */
                if (addopt(cmdbuf, optopt, optarg, sizeof (cmdbuf)) != Z_OK) {
                        zerror("Install command line too long");
                        return (Z_ERR);
                }
                if (addopt(postcmdbuf, optopt, optarg, sizeof (postcmdbuf))
                    != Z_OK) {
                        zerror("Post-Install command line too long");
                        return (Z_ERR);
                }
        }

        for (; optind < argc; optind++) {
                if (addopt(cmdbuf, 0, argv[optind], sizeof (cmdbuf)) != Z_OK) {
                        zerror("Install command line too long");
                        return (Z_ERR);
                }

                if (addopt(postcmdbuf, 0, argv[optind], sizeof (postcmdbuf))
                    != Z_OK) {
                        zerror("Post-Install command line too long");
                        return (Z_ERR);
                }
        }

        if (!brand_help) {
                if (sanity_check(target_zone, CMD_INSTALL, B_FALSE, B_TRUE,
                    B_FALSE) != Z_OK)
                        return (Z_ERR);
                if (verify_details(CMD_INSTALL, argv) != Z_OK)
                        return (Z_ERR);

                if (zonecfg_grab_lock_file(target_zone, &lockfd) != Z_OK) {
                        zerror(gettext("another %s may have an operation in "
                            "progress."), "zoneadm");
                        return (Z_ERR);
                }
                err = zone_set_state(target_zone, ZONE_STATE_INCOMPLETE);
                if (err != Z_OK) {
                        errno = err;
                        zperror2(target_zone, gettext("could not set state"));
                        goto done;
                }

                create_zfs_zonepath(zonepath);
        }

        status = do_subproc(cmdbuf);
        if ((subproc_err =
            subproc_status(gettext("brand-specific installation"), status,
            B_FALSE)) != ZONE_SUBPROC_OK) {
                if (subproc_err == ZONE_SUBPROC_USAGE && !brand_help) {
                        sub_usage(SHELP_INSTALL, CMD_INSTALL);
                        zonecfg_release_lock_file(target_zone, lockfd);
                        return (Z_ERR);
                }
                errno = subproc_err;
                err = Z_ERR;
                goto done;
        }

        if (brand_help)
                return (Z_OK);

        if ((err = zone_set_state(target_zone, ZONE_STATE_INSTALLED)) != Z_OK) {
                errno = err;
                zperror2(target_zone, gettext("could not set state"));
                goto done;
        }

        if (do_postinstall) {
                status = do_subproc(postcmdbuf);

                if ((subproc_err =
                    subproc_status(gettext("brand-specific post-install"),
                    status, B_FALSE)) != ZONE_SUBPROC_OK) {
                        errno = subproc_err;
                        err = Z_ERR;
                        (void) zone_set_state(target_zone,
                            ZONE_STATE_INCOMPLETE);
                }
        }

done:
        /*
         * If the install script exited with ZONE_SUBPROC_NOTCOMPLETE, try to
         * clean up the zone and leave the zone in the CONFIGURED state so that
         * another install can be attempted without requiring an uninstall
         * first.
         */
        if (subproc_err == ZONE_SUBPROC_NOTCOMPLETE) {
                int temp_err;

                if ((temp_err = cleanup_zonepath(zonepath, B_FALSE)) != Z_OK) {
                        errno = err = temp_err;
                        zperror2(target_zone,
                            gettext("cleaning up zonepath failed"));
                } else if ((temp_err = zone_set_state(target_zone,
                    ZONE_STATE_CONFIGURED)) != Z_OK) {
                        errno = err = temp_err;
                        zperror2(target_zone, gettext("could not set state"));
                }
        }

        if (!brand_help)
                zonecfg_release_lock_file(target_zone, lockfd);
        return ((err == Z_OK) ? Z_OK : Z_ERR);
}

static void
warn_dev_match(zone_dochandle_t s_handle, char *source_zone,
    zone_dochandle_t t_handle, char *target_zone)
{
        int err;
        struct zone_devtab s_devtab;
        struct zone_devtab t_devtab;

        if ((err = zonecfg_setdevent(t_handle)) != Z_OK) {
                errno = err;
                zperror2(target_zone, gettext("could not enumerate devices"));
                return;
        }

        while (zonecfg_getdevent(t_handle, &t_devtab) == Z_OK) {
                if ((err = zonecfg_setdevent(s_handle)) != Z_OK) {
                        errno = err;
                        zperror2(source_zone,
                            gettext("could not enumerate devices"));
                        (void) zonecfg_enddevent(t_handle);
                        return;
                }

                while (zonecfg_getdevent(s_handle, &s_devtab) == Z_OK) {
                        /*
                         * Use fnmatch to catch the case where wildcards
                         * were used in one zone and the other has an
                         * explicit entry (e.g. /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s6 vs.
                         * /dev/\*dsk/c0t0d0s6).
                         */
                        if (fnmatch(t_devtab.zone_dev_match,
                            s_devtab.zone_dev_match, FNM_PATHNAME) == 0 ||
                            fnmatch(s_devtab.zone_dev_match,
                            t_devtab.zone_dev_match, FNM_PATHNAME) == 0) {
                                (void) fprintf(stderr,
                                    gettext("WARNING: device '%s' "
                                    "is configured in both zones.\n"),
                                    t_devtab.zone_dev_match);
                                break;
                        }
                }
                (void) zonecfg_enddevent(s_handle);
        }

        (void) zonecfg_enddevent(t_handle);
}

/*
 * Check if the specified mount option (opt) is contained within the
 * options string.
 */
static boolean_t
opt_match(char *opt, char *options)
{
        char *p;
        char *lastp;

        if ((p = strtok_r(options, ",", &lastp)) != NULL) {
                if (strcmp(p, opt) == 0)
                        return (B_TRUE);
                while ((p = strtok_r(NULL, ",", &lastp)) != NULL) {
                        if (strcmp(p, opt) == 0)
                                return (B_TRUE);
                }
        }

        return (B_FALSE);
}

#define RW_LOFS "WARNING: read-write lofs file system on '%s' is configured " \
        "in both zones.\n"

static void
print_fs_warnings(struct zone_fstab *s_fstab, struct zone_fstab *t_fstab)
{
        /*
         * It is ok to have shared lofs mounted fs but we want to warn if
         * either is rw since this will effect the other zone.
         */
        if (strcmp(t_fstab->zone_fs_type, "lofs") == 0) {
                zone_fsopt_t *optp;

                /* The default is rw so no options means rw */
                if (t_fstab->zone_fs_options == NULL ||
                    s_fstab->zone_fs_options == NULL) {
                        (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext(RW_LOFS),
                            t_fstab->zone_fs_special);
                        return;
                }

                for (optp = s_fstab->zone_fs_options; optp != NULL;
                    optp = optp->zone_fsopt_next) {
                        if (opt_match("rw", optp->zone_fsopt_opt)) {
                                (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext(RW_LOFS),
                                    s_fstab->zone_fs_special);
                                return;
                        }
                }

                for (optp = t_fstab->zone_fs_options; optp != NULL;
                    optp = optp->zone_fsopt_next) {
                        if (opt_match("rw", optp->zone_fsopt_opt)) {
                                (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext(RW_LOFS),
                                    t_fstab->zone_fs_special);
                                return;
                        }
                }

                return;
        }

        /*
         * TRANSLATION_NOTE
         * The first variable is the file system type and the second is
         * the file system special device.  For example,
         * WARNING: ufs file system on '/dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0' ...
         */
        (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("WARNING: %s file system on '%s' "
            "is configured in both zones.\n"), t_fstab->zone_fs_type,
            t_fstab->zone_fs_special);
}

static void
warn_fs_match(zone_dochandle_t s_handle, char *source_zone,
    zone_dochandle_t t_handle, char *target_zone)
{
        int err;
        struct zone_fstab s_fstab;
        struct zone_fstab t_fstab;

        if ((err = zonecfg_setfsent(t_handle)) != Z_OK) {
                errno = err;
                zperror2(target_zone,
                    gettext("could not enumerate file systems"));
                return;
        }

        while (zonecfg_getfsent(t_handle, &t_fstab) == Z_OK) {
                if ((err = zonecfg_setfsent(s_handle)) != Z_OK) {
                        errno = err;
                        zperror2(source_zone,
                            gettext("could not enumerate file systems"));
                        (void) zonecfg_endfsent(t_handle);
                        return;
                }

                while (zonecfg_getfsent(s_handle, &s_fstab) == Z_OK) {
                        if (strcmp(t_fstab.zone_fs_special,
                            s_fstab.zone_fs_special) == 0) {
                                print_fs_warnings(&s_fstab, &t_fstab);
                                break;
                        }
                }
                (void) zonecfg_endfsent(s_handle);
        }

        (void) zonecfg_endfsent(t_handle);
}

/*
 * We don't catch the case where you used the same IP address but
 * it is not an exact string match.  For example, 192.9.0.128 vs. 192.09.0.128.
 * However, we're not going to worry about that but we will check for
 * a possible netmask on one of the addresses (e.g. 10.0.0.1 and 10.0.0.1/24)
 * and handle that case as a match.
 */
static void
warn_ip_match(zone_dochandle_t s_handle, char *source_zone,
    zone_dochandle_t t_handle, char *target_zone)
{
        int err;
        struct zone_nwiftab s_nwiftab;
        struct zone_nwiftab t_nwiftab;

        if ((err = zonecfg_setnwifent(t_handle)) != Z_OK) {
                errno = err;
                zperror2(target_zone,
                    gettext("could not enumerate network interfaces"));
                return;
        }

        while (zonecfg_getnwifent(t_handle, &t_nwiftab) == Z_OK) {
                char *p;

                /* remove an (optional) netmask from the address */
                if ((p = strchr(t_nwiftab.zone_nwif_address, '/')) != NULL)
                        *p = '\0';

                if ((err = zonecfg_setnwifent(s_handle)) != Z_OK) {
                        errno = err;
                        zperror2(source_zone,
                            gettext("could not enumerate network interfaces"));
                        (void) zonecfg_endnwifent(t_handle);
                        return;
                }

                while (zonecfg_getnwifent(s_handle, &s_nwiftab) == Z_OK) {
                        /* remove an (optional) netmask from the address */
                        if ((p = strchr(s_nwiftab.zone_nwif_address, '/'))
                            != NULL)
                                *p = '\0';

                        /* For exclusive-IP zones, address is not specified. */
                        if (strlen(s_nwiftab.zone_nwif_address) == 0)
                                continue;

                        if (strcmp(t_nwiftab.zone_nwif_address,
                            s_nwiftab.zone_nwif_address) == 0) {
                                (void) fprintf(stderr,
                                    gettext("WARNING: network address '%s' "
                                    "is configured in both zones.\n"),
                                    t_nwiftab.zone_nwif_address);
                                break;
                        }
                }
                (void) zonecfg_endnwifent(s_handle);
        }

        (void) zonecfg_endnwifent(t_handle);
}

static void
warn_dataset_match(zone_dochandle_t s_handle, char *source,
    zone_dochandle_t t_handle, char *target)
{
        int err;
        struct zone_dstab s_dstab;
        struct zone_dstab t_dstab;

        if ((err = zonecfg_setdsent(t_handle)) != Z_OK) {
                errno = err;
                zperror2(target, gettext("could not enumerate datasets"));
                return;
        }

        while (zonecfg_getdsent(t_handle, &t_dstab) == Z_OK) {
                if ((err = zonecfg_setdsent(s_handle)) != Z_OK) {
                        errno = err;
                        zperror2(source,
                            gettext("could not enumerate datasets"));
                        (void) zonecfg_enddsent(t_handle);
                        return;
                }

                while (zonecfg_getdsent(s_handle, &s_dstab) == Z_OK) {
                        if (strcmp(t_dstab.zone_dataset_name,
                            s_dstab.zone_dataset_name) == 0) {
                                target_zone = source;
                                zerror(gettext("WARNING: dataset '%s' "
                                    "is configured in both zones.\n"),
                                    t_dstab.zone_dataset_name);
                                break;
                        }
                }
                (void) zonecfg_enddsent(s_handle);
        }

        (void) zonecfg_enddsent(t_handle);
}

/*
 * Check that the clone and its source have the same brand type.
 */
static int
valid_brand_clone(char *source_zone, char *target_zone)
{
        brand_handle_t bh;
        char source_brand[MAXNAMELEN];

        if ((zone_get_brand(source_zone, source_brand,
            sizeof (source_brand))) != Z_OK) {
                (void) fprintf(stderr, "%s: zone '%s': %s\n",
                    execname, source_zone, gettext("missing or invalid brand"));
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        if (strcmp(source_brand, target_brand) != 0) {
                (void) fprintf(stderr,
                    gettext("%s: Zones '%s' and '%s' have different brand "
                    "types.\n"), execname, source_zone, target_zone);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        if ((bh = brand_open(target_brand)) == NULL) {
                zerror(gettext("missing or invalid brand"));
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        brand_close(bh);
        return (Z_OK);
}

static int
validate_clone(char *source_zone, char *target_zone)
{
        int err = Z_OK;
        zone_dochandle_t s_handle;
        zone_dochandle_t t_handle;

        if ((t_handle = zonecfg_init_handle()) == NULL) {
                zperror(cmd_to_str(CMD_CLONE), B_TRUE);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        if ((err = zonecfg_get_handle(target_zone, t_handle)) != Z_OK) {
                errno = err;
                zperror(cmd_to_str(CMD_CLONE), B_TRUE);
                zonecfg_fini_handle(t_handle);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        if ((s_handle = zonecfg_init_handle()) == NULL) {
                zperror(cmd_to_str(CMD_CLONE), B_TRUE);
                zonecfg_fini_handle(t_handle);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        if ((err = zonecfg_get_handle(source_zone, s_handle)) != Z_OK) {
                errno = err;
                zperror(cmd_to_str(CMD_CLONE), B_TRUE);
                goto done;
        }

        /* verify new zone has same brand type */
        err = valid_brand_clone(source_zone, target_zone);
        if (err != Z_OK)
                goto done;

        /* warn about imported fs's which are the same */
        warn_fs_match(s_handle, source_zone, t_handle, target_zone);

        /* warn about imported IP addresses which are the same */
        warn_ip_match(s_handle, source_zone, t_handle, target_zone);

        /* warn about imported devices which are the same */
        warn_dev_match(s_handle, source_zone, t_handle, target_zone);

        /* warn about imported datasets which are the same */
        warn_dataset_match(s_handle, source_zone, t_handle, target_zone);

done:
        zonecfg_fini_handle(t_handle);
        zonecfg_fini_handle(s_handle);

        return ((err == Z_OK) ? Z_OK : Z_ERR);
}

static int
copy_zone(char *src, char *dst)
{
        boolean_t out_null = B_FALSE;
        int status;
        char *outfile;
        char cmdbuf[MAXPATHLEN * 2 + 128];

        if ((outfile = tempnam("/var/log", "zone")) == NULL) {
                outfile = "/dev/null";
                out_null = B_TRUE;
        }

        /*
         * Use find to get the list of files to copy.  We need to skip
         * files of type "socket" since cpio can't handle those but that
         * should be ok since the app will recreate the socket when it runs.
         * We also need to filter out anything under the .zfs subdir.  Since
         * find is running depth-first, we need the extra egrep to filter .zfs.
         */
        (void) snprintf(cmdbuf, sizeof (cmdbuf),
            "cd %s && /usr/bin/find . -type s -prune -o -depth -print | "
            "/usr/bin/egrep -v '^\\./\\.zfs$|^\\./\\.zfs/' | "
            "/usr/bin/cpio -pdmuP@ %s > %s 2>&1",
            src, dst, outfile);

        status = do_subproc(cmdbuf);

        if (subproc_status("copy", status, B_TRUE) != ZONE_SUBPROC_OK) {
                if (!out_null)
                        (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("\nThe copy failed.\n"
                            "More information can be found in %s\n"), outfile);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        if (!out_null)
                (void) unlink(outfile);

        return (Z_OK);
}

/* ARGSUSED */
int
zfm_print(const struct mnttab *p, void *r)
{
        zerror("  %s\n", p->mnt_mountp);
        return (0);
}

int
clone_copy(char *source_zonepath, char *zonepath)
{
        int err;

        /* Don't clone the zone if anything is still mounted there */
        if (zonecfg_find_mounts(source_zonepath, NULL, NULL)) {
                zerror(gettext("These file systems are mounted on "
                    "subdirectories of %s.\n"), source_zonepath);
                (void) zonecfg_find_mounts(source_zonepath, zfm_print, NULL);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        /*
         * Attempt to create a ZFS fs for the zonepath.  As usual, we don't
         * care if this works or not since we always have the default behavior
         * of a simple directory for the zonepath.
         */
        create_zfs_zonepath(zonepath);

        (void) printf(gettext("Copying %s..."), source_zonepath);
        (void) fflush(stdout);

        err = copy_zone(source_zonepath, zonepath);

        (void) printf("\n");

        return (err);
}

static int
clone_func(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        char *source_zone = NULL;
        int lockfd;
        int err, arg;
        char zonepath[MAXPATHLEN];
        char source_zonepath[MAXPATHLEN];
        zone_state_t state;
        zone_entry_t *zent;
        char *method = NULL;
        char *snapshot = NULL;
        char cmdbuf[MAXPATHLEN];
        char postcmdbuf[MAXPATHLEN];
        char presnapbuf[MAXPATHLEN];
        char postsnapbuf[MAXPATHLEN];
        char validsnapbuf[MAXPATHLEN];
        brand_handle_t bh = NULL;
        int status;
        boolean_t brand_help = B_FALSE;

        if (zonecfg_in_alt_root()) {
                zerror(gettext("cannot clone zone in alternate root"));
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        /* Check the argv string for args we handle internally */
        optind = 0;
        opterr = 0;
        while ((arg = getopt(argc, argv, "?m:s:")) != EOF) {
                switch (arg) {
                case '?':
                        if (optopt == '?') {
                                sub_usage(SHELP_CLONE, CMD_CLONE);
                                brand_help = B_TRUE;
                        }
                        /* Ignore unknown options - may be brand specific. */
                        break;
                case 'm':
                        method = optarg;
                        break;
                case 's':
                        snapshot = optarg;
                        break;
                default:
                        /* Ignore unknown options - may be brand specific. */
                        break;
                }
        }

        if (argc != (optind + 1)) {
                sub_usage(SHELP_CLONE, CMD_CLONE);
                return (Z_USAGE);
        }

        source_zone = argv[optind];

        if (!brand_help) {
                if (sanity_check(target_zone, CMD_CLONE, B_FALSE, B_TRUE,
                    B_FALSE) != Z_OK)
                        return (Z_ERR);
                if (verify_details(CMD_CLONE, argv) != Z_OK)
                        return (Z_ERR);

                /*
                 * We also need to do some extra validation on the source zone.
                 */
                if (strcmp(source_zone, GLOBAL_ZONENAME) == 0) {
                        zerror(gettext("%s operation is invalid for the "
                            "global zone."), cmd_to_str(CMD_CLONE));
                        return (Z_ERR);
                }

                if (strncmp(source_zone, "SUNW", 4) == 0) {
                        zerror(gettext("%s operation is invalid for zones "
                            "starting with SUNW."), cmd_to_str(CMD_CLONE));
                        return (Z_ERR);
                }

                if (auth_check(username, source_zone, SOURCE_ZONE) == Z_ERR) {
                        zerror(gettext("%s operation is invalid because "
                            "user is not authorized to read source zone."),
                            cmd_to_str(CMD_CLONE));
                        return (Z_ERR);
                }

                zent = lookup_running_zone(source_zone);
                if (zent != NULL) {
                        /* check whether the zone is ready or running */
                        if ((err = zone_get_state(zent->zname,
                            &zent->zstate_num)) != Z_OK) {
                                errno = err;
                                zperror2(zent->zname, gettext("could not get "
                                    "state"));
                                /* can't tell, so hedge */
                                zent->zstate_str = "ready/running";
                        } else {
                                zent->zstate_str =
                                    zone_state_str(zent->zstate_num);
                        }
                        zerror(gettext("%s operation is invalid for %s zones."),
                            cmd_to_str(CMD_CLONE), zent->zstate_str);
                        return (Z_ERR);
                }

                if ((err = zone_get_state(source_zone, &state)) != Z_OK) {
                        errno = err;
                        zperror2(source_zone, gettext("could not get state"));
                        return (Z_ERR);
                }
                if (state != ZONE_STATE_INSTALLED) {
                        (void) fprintf(stderr,
                            gettext("%s: zone %s is %s; %s is required.\n"),
                            execname, source_zone, zone_state_str(state),
                            zone_state_str(ZONE_STATE_INSTALLED));
                        return (Z_ERR);
                }

                /*
                 * The source zone checks out ok, continue with the clone.
                 */

                if (validate_clone(source_zone, target_zone) != Z_OK)
                        return (Z_ERR);

                if (zonecfg_grab_lock_file(target_zone, &lockfd) != Z_OK) {
                        zerror(gettext("another %s may have an operation in "
                            "progress."), "zoneadm");
                        return (Z_ERR);
                }
        }

        if ((err = zone_get_zonepath(source_zone, source_zonepath,
            sizeof (source_zonepath))) != Z_OK) {
                errno = err;
                zperror2(source_zone, gettext("could not get zone path"));
                goto done;
        }

        if ((err = zone_get_zonepath(target_zone, zonepath, sizeof (zonepath)))
            != Z_OK) {
                errno = err;
                zperror2(target_zone, gettext("could not get zone path"));
                goto done;
        }

        /*
         * Fetch the clone and postclone hooks from the brand configuration.
         */
        if ((bh = brand_open(target_brand)) == NULL) {
                zerror(gettext("missing or invalid brand"));
                err = Z_ERR;
                goto done;
        }

        if (get_hook(bh, cmdbuf, sizeof (cmdbuf), brand_get_clone, target_zone,
            zonepath) != Z_OK) {
                zerror("invalid brand configuration: missing clone resource");
                brand_close(bh);
                err = Z_ERR;
                goto done;
        }

        if (get_hook(bh, postcmdbuf, sizeof (postcmdbuf), brand_get_postclone,
            target_zone, zonepath) != Z_OK) {
                zerror("invalid brand configuration: missing postclone "
                    "resource");
                brand_close(bh);
                err = Z_ERR;
                goto done;
        }

        if (get_hook(bh, presnapbuf, sizeof (presnapbuf), brand_get_presnap,
            source_zone, source_zonepath) != Z_OK) {
                zerror("invalid brand configuration: missing presnap "
                    "resource");
                brand_close(bh);
                err = Z_ERR;
                goto done;
        }

        if (get_hook(bh, postsnapbuf, sizeof (postsnapbuf), brand_get_postsnap,
            source_zone, source_zonepath) != Z_OK) {
                zerror("invalid brand configuration: missing postsnap "
                    "resource");
                brand_close(bh);
                err = Z_ERR;
                goto done;
        }

        if (get_hook(bh, validsnapbuf, sizeof (validsnapbuf),
            brand_get_validatesnap, target_zone, zonepath) != Z_OK) {
                zerror("invalid brand configuration: missing validatesnap "
                    "resource");
                brand_close(bh);
                err = Z_ERR;
                goto done;
        }
        brand_close(bh);

        /* Append all options to clone hook. */
        if (addoptions(cmdbuf, argv, sizeof (cmdbuf)) != Z_OK) {
                err = Z_ERR;
                goto done;
        }

        /* Append all options to postclone hook. */
        if (addoptions(postcmdbuf, argv, sizeof (postcmdbuf)) != Z_OK) {
                err = Z_ERR;
                goto done;
        }

        if (!brand_help) {
                if ((err = zone_set_state(target_zone, ZONE_STATE_INCOMPLETE))
                    != Z_OK) {
                        errno = err;
                        zperror2(target_zone, gettext("could not set state"));
                        goto done;
                }
        }

        /*
         * The clone hook is optional.  If it exists, use the hook for
         * cloning, otherwise use the built-in clone support
         */
        if (cmdbuf[0] != '\0') {
                /* Run the clone hook */
                status = do_subproc(cmdbuf);
                if ((status = subproc_status(gettext("brand-specific clone"),
                    status, B_FALSE)) != ZONE_SUBPROC_OK) {
                        if (status == ZONE_SUBPROC_USAGE && !brand_help)
                                sub_usage(SHELP_CLONE, CMD_CLONE);
                        err = Z_ERR;
                        goto done;
                }

                if (brand_help)
                        return (Z_OK);

        } else {
                /* If just help, we're done since there is no brand help. */
                if (brand_help)
                        return (Z_OK);

                /* Run the built-in clone support. */

                /* The only explicit built-in method is "copy". */
                if (method != NULL && strcmp(method, "copy") != 0) {
                        sub_usage(SHELP_CLONE, CMD_CLONE);
                        err = Z_USAGE;
                        goto done;
                }

                if (snapshot != NULL) {
                        err = clone_snapshot_zfs(snapshot, zonepath,
                            validsnapbuf);
                } else {
                        /*
                         * We always copy the clone unless the source is ZFS
                         * and a ZFS clone worked.  We fallback to copying if
                         * the ZFS clone fails for some reason.
                         */
                        err = Z_ERR;
                        if (method == NULL && is_zonepath_zfs(source_zonepath))
                                err = clone_zfs(source_zonepath, zonepath,
                                    presnapbuf, postsnapbuf);

                        if (err != Z_OK)
                                err = clone_copy(source_zonepath, zonepath);
                }
        }

        if (err == Z_OK && postcmdbuf[0] != '\0') {
                status = do_subproc(postcmdbuf);
                if ((err = subproc_status("postclone", status, B_FALSE))
                    != ZONE_SUBPROC_OK) {
                        zerror(gettext("post-clone configuration failed."));
                        err = Z_ERR;
                }
        }

done:
        /*
         * If everything went well, we mark the zone as installed.
         */
        if (err == Z_OK) {
                err = zone_set_state(target_zone, ZONE_STATE_INSTALLED);
                if (err != Z_OK) {
                        errno = err;
                        zperror2(target_zone, gettext("could not set state"));
                }
        }
        if (!brand_help)
                zonecfg_release_lock_file(target_zone, lockfd);
        return ((err == Z_OK) ? Z_OK : Z_ERR);
}

/*
 * Used when removing a zonepath after uninstalling or cleaning up after
 * the move subcommand.  This handles a zonepath that has non-standard
 * contents so that we will only cleanup the stuff we know about and leave
 * any user data alone.
 *
 * If the "all" parameter is true then we should remove the whole zonepath
 * even if it has non-standard files/directories in it.  This can be used when
 * we need to cleanup after moving the zonepath across file systems.
 *
 * We "exec" the RMCOMMAND so that the returned status is that of RMCOMMAND
 * and not the shell.
 */
static int
cleanup_zonepath(char *zonepath, boolean_t all)
{
        int             status;
        int             i;
        boolean_t       non_std = B_FALSE;
        struct dirent   *dp;
        DIR             *dirp;
                        /*
                         * The SUNWattached.xml file is expected since it might
                         * exist if the zone was force-attached after a
                         * migration.
                         */
        char            *std_entries[] = {"dev", "lu", "root",
                            "SUNWattached.xml", NULL};
                        /* (MAXPATHLEN * 3) is for the 3 std_entries dirs */
        char            cmdbuf[sizeof (RMCOMMAND) + (MAXPATHLEN * 3) + 64];

        /*
         * We shouldn't need these checks but lets be paranoid since we
         * could blow away the whole system here if we got the wrong zonepath.
         */
        if (*zonepath == '\0'|| strcmp(zonepath, "/") == 0) {
                (void) fprintf(stderr, "invalid zonepath '%s'\n", zonepath);
                return (Z_INVAL);
        }

        /*
         * If the dirpath is already gone (maybe it was manually removed) then
         * we just return Z_OK so that the cleanup is successful.
         */
        if ((dirp = opendir(zonepath)) == NULL)
                return (Z_OK);

        /*
         * Look through the zonepath directory to see if there are any
         * non-standard files/dirs.  Also skip .zfs since that might be
         * there but we'll handle ZFS file systems as a special case.
         */
        while ((dp = readdir(dirp)) != NULL) {
                if (strcmp(dp->d_name, ".") == 0 ||
                    strcmp(dp->d_name, "..") == 0 ||
                    strcmp(dp->d_name, ".zfs") == 0)
                        continue;

                for (i = 0; std_entries[i] != NULL; i++)
                        if (strcmp(dp->d_name, std_entries[i]) == 0)
                                break;

                if (std_entries[i] == NULL)
                        non_std = B_TRUE;
        }
        (void) closedir(dirp);

        if (!all && non_std) {
                /*
                 * There are extra, non-standard directories/files in the
                 * zonepath so we don't want to remove the zonepath.  We
                 * just want to remove the standard directories and leave
                 * the user data alone.
                 */
                (void) snprintf(cmdbuf, sizeof (cmdbuf), "exec " RMCOMMAND);

                for (i = 0; std_entries[i] != NULL; i++) {
                        char tmpbuf[MAXPATHLEN];

                        if (snprintf(tmpbuf, sizeof (tmpbuf), " %s/%s",
                            zonepath, std_entries[i]) >= sizeof (tmpbuf) ||
                            strlcat(cmdbuf, tmpbuf, sizeof (cmdbuf)) >=
                            sizeof (cmdbuf)) {
                                (void) fprintf(stderr,
                                    gettext("path is too long\n"));
                                return (Z_INVAL);
                        }
                }

                status = do_subproc(cmdbuf);

                (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("WARNING: Unable to completely "
                    "remove %s\nbecause it contains additional user data.  "
                    "Only the standard directory\nentries have been "
                    "removed.\n"),
                    zonepath);

                return ((subproc_status(RMCOMMAND, status, B_TRUE) ==
                    ZONE_SUBPROC_OK) ? Z_OK : Z_ERR);
        }

        /*
         * There is nothing unexpected in the zonepath, try to get rid of the
         * whole zonepath directory.
         *
         * If the zonepath is its own zfs file system, try to destroy the
         * file system.  If that fails for some reason (e.g. it has clones)
         * then we'll just remove the contents of the zonepath.
         */
        if (is_zonepath_zfs(zonepath)) {
                if (destroy_zfs(zonepath) == Z_OK)
                        return (Z_OK);
                (void) snprintf(cmdbuf, sizeof (cmdbuf), "exec " RMCOMMAND
                    " %s/*", zonepath);
                status = do_subproc(cmdbuf);
                return ((subproc_status(RMCOMMAND, status, B_TRUE) ==
                    ZONE_SUBPROC_OK) ? Z_OK : Z_ERR);
        }

        (void) snprintf(cmdbuf, sizeof (cmdbuf), "exec " RMCOMMAND " %s",
            zonepath);
        status = do_subproc(cmdbuf);

        return ((subproc_status(RMCOMMAND, status, B_TRUE) == ZONE_SUBPROC_OK)
            ? Z_OK : Z_ERR);
}

static int
move_func(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        char *new_zonepath = NULL;
        int lockfd;
        int err, arg;
        char zonepath[MAXPATHLEN];
        zone_dochandle_t handle;
        boolean_t fast;
        boolean_t is_zfs = B_FALSE;
        boolean_t root_fs_mounted = B_FALSE;
        struct dirent *dp;
        DIR *dirp;
        boolean_t empty = B_TRUE;
        boolean_t revert;
        struct stat zonepath_buf;
        struct stat new_zonepath_buf;
        zone_mounts_t mounts;

        if (zonecfg_in_alt_root()) {
                zerror(gettext("cannot move zone in alternate root"));
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        optind = 0;
        if ((arg = getopt(argc, argv, "?")) != EOF) {
                switch (arg) {
                case '?':
                        sub_usage(SHELP_MOVE, CMD_MOVE);
                        return (optopt == '?' ? Z_OK : Z_USAGE);
                default:
                        sub_usage(SHELP_MOVE, CMD_MOVE);
                        return (Z_USAGE);
                }
        }
        if (argc != (optind + 1)) {
                sub_usage(SHELP_MOVE, CMD_MOVE);
                return (Z_USAGE);
        }
        new_zonepath = argv[optind];
        if (sanity_check(target_zone, CMD_MOVE, B_FALSE, B_TRUE, B_FALSE)
            != Z_OK)
                return (Z_ERR);
        if (verify_details(CMD_MOVE, argv) != Z_OK)
                return (Z_ERR);

        /*
         * Check out the new zonepath.  This has the side effect of creating
         * a directory for the new zonepath.  We depend on this later when we
         * stat to see if we are doing a cross file system move or not.
         */
        if (validate_zonepath(new_zonepath, CMD_MOVE) != Z_OK)
                return (Z_ERR);

        if ((err = zone_get_zonepath(target_zone, zonepath, sizeof (zonepath)))
            != Z_OK) {
                errno = err;
                zperror2(target_zone, gettext("could not get zone path"));
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        if (stat(zonepath, &zonepath_buf) == -1) {
                zperror(gettext("could not stat zone path"), B_FALSE);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        if (stat(new_zonepath, &new_zonepath_buf) == -1) {
                zperror(gettext("could not stat new zone path"), B_FALSE);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        /*
         * Check if the destination directory is empty.
         */
        if ((dirp = opendir(new_zonepath)) == NULL) {
                zperror(gettext("could not open new zone path"), B_FALSE);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        while ((dp = readdir(dirp)) != NULL) {
                if (strcmp(dp->d_name, ".") == 0 ||
                    strcmp(dp->d_name, "..") == 0)
                        continue;
                empty = B_FALSE;
                break;
        }
        (void) closedir(dirp);

        /* Error if there is anything in the destination directory. */
        if (!empty) {
                (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("could not move zone to %s: "
                    "directory not empty\n"), new_zonepath);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        /*
         * Collect information about mounts within the zone's zonepath.
         * Overlay mounts on the zone's root directory are erroneous.
         * Bail if we encounter any unexpected mounts.
         */
        if (zone_mounts_init(&mounts, zonepath) != 0)
                return (Z_ERR);
        if (mounts.num_root_overlay_mounts != 0) {
                zerror(gettext("%d overlay mount(s) detected on %s/root."),
                    mounts.num_root_overlay_mounts, zonepath);
                goto err_and_mounts_destroy;
        }
        if (mounts.num_unexpected_mounts != 0)
                goto err_and_mounts_destroy;

        /*
         * Check if we are moving in the same file system and can do a fast
         * move or if we are crossing file systems and have to copy the data.
         */
        fast = (zonepath_buf.st_dev == new_zonepath_buf.st_dev);

        if ((handle = zonecfg_init_handle()) == NULL) {
                zperror(cmd_to_str(CMD_MOVE), B_TRUE);
                goto err_and_mounts_destroy;
        }

        if ((err = zonecfg_get_handle(target_zone, handle)) != Z_OK) {
                errno = err;
                zperror(cmd_to_str(CMD_MOVE), B_TRUE);
                goto err_and_fini_handle;
        }

        if (zonecfg_grab_lock_file(target_zone, &lockfd) != Z_OK) {
                zerror(gettext("another %s may have an operation in progress."),
                    "zoneadm");
                goto err_and_fini_handle;
        }

        /*
         * Unmount the zone's root filesystem before we move the zone's
         * zonepath.
         */
        if (zone_unmount_rootfs(&mounts, zonepath, B_FALSE) != 0)
                goto err_and_rele_lockfile;

        /*
         * We're making some file system changes now so we have to clean up
         * the file system before we are done.  This will either clean up the
         * new zonepath if the zonecfg update failed or it will clean up the
         * old zonepath if everything is ok.
         */
        revert = B_TRUE;

        if (is_zonepath_zfs(zonepath) &&
            move_zfs(zonepath, new_zonepath) != Z_ERR) {
                is_zfs = B_TRUE;

        } else if (fast) {
                /* same file system, use rename for a quick move */

                /*
                 * Remove the new_zonepath directory that got created above
                 * during the validation.  It gets in the way of the rename.
                 */
                if (rmdir(new_zonepath) != 0) {
                        zperror(gettext("could not rmdir new zone path"),
                            B_FALSE);
                        (void) zone_mount_rootfs(&mounts, zonepath);
                        goto err_and_rele_lockfile;
                }

                if (rename(zonepath, new_zonepath) != 0) {
                        /*
                         * If this fails we don't need to do all of the
                         * cleanup that happens for the rest of the code
                         * so just return from this error.
                         */
                        zperror(gettext("could not move zone"), B_FALSE);
                        (void) zone_mount_rootfs(&mounts, zonepath);
                        goto err_and_rele_lockfile;
                }

        } else {
                /*
                 * Attempt to create a ZFS fs for the new zonepath.  As usual,
                 * we don't care if this works or not since we always have the
                 * default behavior of a simple directory for the zonepath.
                 */
                create_zfs_zonepath(new_zonepath);

                (void) printf(gettext(
                    "Moving across file systems; copying zonepath %s..."),
                    zonepath);
                (void) fflush(stdout);

                err = copy_zone(zonepath, new_zonepath);

                (void) printf("\n");
                if (err != Z_OK)
                        goto done;
        }

        /*
         * Mount the zone's root filesystem in the new zonepath if there was
         * a root mount prior to the move.
         */
        if (zone_mount_rootfs(&mounts, new_zonepath) != 0) {
                err = Z_ERR;
                goto done;
        }
        root_fs_mounted = B_TRUE;

        if ((err = zonecfg_set_zonepath(handle, new_zonepath)) != Z_OK) {
                errno = err;
                zperror(gettext("could not set new zonepath"), B_TRUE);
                goto done;
        }

        if ((err = zonecfg_save(handle)) != Z_OK) {
                errno = err;
                zperror(gettext("zonecfg save failed"), B_TRUE);
                goto done;
        }

        revert = B_FALSE;

done:
        zonecfg_fini_handle(handle);
        zonecfg_release_lock_file(target_zone, lockfd);

        /*
         * Clean up the file system based on how things went.  We either
         * clean up the new zonepath if the operation failed for some reason
         * or we clean up the old zonepath if everything is ok.
         */
        if (revert) {
                /*
                 * Check for the unlikely scenario in which the zone's
                 * zonepath and its root file system moved but libzonecfg
                 * couldn't save the new zonepath to the zone's configuration
                 * file.  The mounted root filesystem must be unmounted before
                 * zoneadm restores the zone's zonepath.
                 */
                if (root_fs_mounted && zone_unmount_rootfs(&mounts,
                    new_zonepath, B_TRUE) != 0) {
                        /*
                         * We can't forcibly unmount the zone's root file system
                         * from the new zonepath.  Bail!
                         */
                        zerror(gettext("fatal error: cannot unmount %s/root\n"),
                            new_zonepath);
                        goto err_and_mounts_destroy;
                }

                /* The zonecfg update failed, cleanup the new zonepath. */
                if (is_zfs) {
                        if (move_zfs(new_zonepath, zonepath) == Z_ERR) {
                                (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("could not "
                                    "restore zonepath, the zfs mountpoint is "
                                    "set as:\n%s\n"), new_zonepath);
                                /*
                                 * err is already != Z_OK since we're reverting
                                 */
                        } else {
                                (void) zone_mount_rootfs(&mounts, zonepath);
                        }
                } else if (fast) {
                        if (rename(new_zonepath, zonepath) != 0) {
                                zperror(gettext("could not restore zonepath"),
                                    B_FALSE);
                                /*
                                 * err is already != Z_OK since we're reverting
                                 */
                        } else {
                                (void) zone_mount_rootfs(&mounts, zonepath);
                        }
                } else {
                        (void) printf(gettext("Cleaning up zonepath %s..."),
                            new_zonepath);
                        (void) fflush(stdout);
                        err = cleanup_zonepath(new_zonepath, B_TRUE);
                        (void) printf("\n");

                        if (err != Z_OK) {
                                errno = err;
                                zperror(gettext("could not remove new "
                                    "zonepath"), B_TRUE);
                        } else {
                                /*
                                 * Because we're reverting we know the mainline
                                 * code failed but we just reused the err
                                 * variable so we reset it back to Z_ERR.
                                 */
                                err = Z_ERR;
                        }

                        (void) zone_mount_rootfs(&mounts, zonepath);
                }
        } else {
                /* The move was successful, cleanup the old zonepath. */
                if (!is_zfs && !fast) {
                        (void) printf(
                            gettext("Cleaning up zonepath %s..."), zonepath);
                        (void) fflush(stdout);
                        err = cleanup_zonepath(zonepath, B_TRUE);
                        (void) printf("\n");

                        if (err != Z_OK) {
                                errno = err;
                                zperror(gettext("could not remove zonepath"),
                                    B_TRUE);
                        }
                }
        }

        zone_mounts_destroy(&mounts);
        return ((err == Z_OK) ? Z_OK : Z_ERR);

err_and_rele_lockfile:
        zonecfg_release_lock_file(target_zone, lockfd);
err_and_fini_handle:
        zonecfg_fini_handle(handle);
err_and_mounts_destroy:
        zone_mounts_destroy(&mounts);
        return (Z_ERR);
}

/* ARGSUSED */
static int
detach_func(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        int lockfd = -1;
        int err, arg;
        char zonepath[MAXPATHLEN];
        char cmdbuf[MAXPATHLEN];
        char precmdbuf[MAXPATHLEN];
        boolean_t execute = B_TRUE;
        boolean_t brand_help = B_FALSE;
        brand_handle_t bh = NULL;
        int status;

        if (zonecfg_in_alt_root()) {
                zerror(gettext("cannot detach zone in alternate root"));
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        /* Check the argv string for args we handle internally */
        optind = 0;
        opterr = 0;
        while ((arg = getopt(argc, argv, "?n")) != EOF) {
                switch (arg) {
                case '?':
                        if (optopt == '?') {
                                sub_usage(SHELP_DETACH, CMD_DETACH);
                                brand_help = B_TRUE;
                        }
                        /* Ignore unknown options - may be brand specific. */
                        break;
                case 'n':
                        execute = B_FALSE;
                        break;
                default:
                        /* Ignore unknown options - may be brand specific. */
                        break;
                }
        }

        if (brand_help)
                execute = B_FALSE;

        if (execute) {
                if (sanity_check(target_zone, CMD_DETACH, B_FALSE, B_TRUE,
                    B_FALSE) != Z_OK)
                        return (Z_ERR);
                if (verify_details(CMD_DETACH, argv) != Z_OK)
                        return (Z_ERR);
        } else {
                /*
                 * We want a dry-run to work for a non-privileged user so we
                 * only do minimal validation.
                 */
                if (target_zone == NULL) {
                        zerror(gettext("no zone specified"));
                        return (Z_ERR);
                }

                if (strcmp(target_zone, GLOBAL_ZONENAME) == 0) {
                        zerror(gettext("%s operation is invalid for the "
                            "global zone."), cmd_to_str(CMD_DETACH));
                        return (Z_ERR);
                }
        }

        if ((err = zone_get_zonepath(target_zone, zonepath, sizeof (zonepath)))
            != Z_OK) {
                errno = err;
                zperror2(target_zone, gettext("could not get zone path"));
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        /* Fetch the detach and predetach hooks from the brand configuration. */
        if ((bh = brand_open(target_brand)) == NULL) {
                zerror(gettext("missing or invalid brand"));
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        if (get_hook(bh, cmdbuf, sizeof (cmdbuf), brand_get_detach, target_zone,
            zonepath) != Z_OK) {
                zerror("invalid brand configuration: missing detach resource");
                brand_close(bh);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        if (get_hook(bh, precmdbuf, sizeof (precmdbuf), brand_get_predetach,
            target_zone, zonepath) != Z_OK) {
                zerror("invalid brand configuration: missing predetach "
                    "resource");
                brand_close(bh);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        brand_close(bh);

        /* Append all options to predetach hook. */
        if (addoptions(precmdbuf, argv, sizeof (precmdbuf)) != Z_OK)
                return (Z_ERR);

        /* Append all options to detach hook. */
        if (addoptions(cmdbuf, argv, sizeof (cmdbuf)) != Z_OK)
                return (Z_ERR);

        if (execute && zonecfg_grab_lock_file(target_zone, &lockfd) != Z_OK) {
                zerror(gettext("another %s may have an operation in progress."),
                    "zoneadm");
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        /* If we have a brand predetach hook, run it. */
        if (!brand_help && precmdbuf[0] != '\0') {
                status = do_subproc(precmdbuf);
                if (subproc_status(gettext("brand-specific predetach"),
                    status, B_FALSE) != ZONE_SUBPROC_OK) {

                        if (execute) {
                                assert(lockfd >= 0);
                                zonecfg_release_lock_file(target_zone, lockfd);
                                lockfd = -1;
                        }

                        assert(lockfd == -1);
                        return (Z_ERR);
                }
        }

        if (cmdbuf[0] != '\0') {
                /* Run the detach hook */
                status = do_subproc(cmdbuf);
                if ((status = subproc_status(gettext("brand-specific detach"),
                    status, B_FALSE)) != ZONE_SUBPROC_OK) {
                        if (status == ZONE_SUBPROC_USAGE && !brand_help)
                                sub_usage(SHELP_DETACH, CMD_DETACH);

                        if (execute) {
                                assert(lockfd >= 0);
                                zonecfg_release_lock_file(target_zone, lockfd);
                                lockfd = -1;
                        }

                        assert(lockfd == -1);
                        return (Z_ERR);
                }

        } else {
                zone_dochandle_t handle;

                /* If just help, we're done since there is no brand help. */
                if (brand_help) {
                        assert(lockfd == -1);
                        return (Z_OK);
                }

                /*
                 * Run the built-in detach support.  Just generate a simple
                 * zone definition XML file and detach.
                 */

                /* Don't detach the zone if anything is still mounted there */
                if (execute && zonecfg_find_mounts(zonepath, NULL, NULL)) {
                        (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("These file systems are "
                            "mounted on subdirectories of %s.\n"), zonepath);
                        (void) zonecfg_find_mounts(zonepath, zfm_print, NULL);
                        err = ZONE_SUBPROC_NOTCOMPLETE;
                        goto done;
                }

                if ((handle = zonecfg_init_handle()) == NULL) {
                        zperror(cmd_to_str(CMD_DETACH), B_TRUE);
                        err = ZONE_SUBPROC_NOTCOMPLETE;
                        goto done;
                }

                if ((err = zonecfg_get_handle(target_zone, handle)) != Z_OK) {
                        errno = err;
                        zperror(cmd_to_str(CMD_DETACH), B_TRUE);

                } else if ((err = zonecfg_detach_save(handle,
                    (execute ? 0 : ZONE_DRY_RUN))) != Z_OK) {
                        errno = err;
                        zperror(gettext("saving the detach manifest failed"),
                            B_TRUE);
                }

                zonecfg_fini_handle(handle);
                if (err != Z_OK)
                        goto done;
        }

        /*
         * Set the zone state back to configured unless we are running with the
         * no-execute option.
         */
        if (execute && (err = zone_set_state(target_zone,
            ZONE_STATE_CONFIGURED)) != Z_OK) {
                errno = err;
                zperror(gettext("could not reset state"), B_TRUE);
        }

done:
        if (execute) {
                assert(lockfd >= 0);
                zonecfg_release_lock_file(target_zone, lockfd);
                lockfd = -1;
        }

        assert(lockfd == -1);
        return ((err == Z_OK) ? Z_OK : Z_ERR);
}

/*
 * Determine the brand when doing a dry-run attach.  The zone does not have to
 * exist, so we have to read the incoming manifest to determine the zone's
 * brand.
 *
 * Because the manifest has to be processed twice; once to determine the brand
 * and once to do the brand-specific attach logic, we always read it into a tmp
 * file.  This handles the manifest coming from stdin or a regular file.  The
 * tmpname parameter returns the name of the temporary file that the manifest
 * was read into.
 */
static int
dryrun_get_brand(char *manifest_path, char *tmpname, int size)
{
        int fd;
        int err;
        int res = Z_OK;
        zone_dochandle_t local_handle;
        zone_dochandle_t rem_handle = NULL;
        int len;
        int ofd;
        char buf[512];

        if (strcmp(manifest_path, "-") == 0) {
                fd = STDIN_FILENO;
        } else {
                if ((fd = open(manifest_path, O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
                        if (getcwd(buf, sizeof (buf)) == NULL)
                                (void) strlcpy(buf, "/", sizeof (buf));
                        zerror(gettext("could not open manifest path %s%s: %s"),
                            (*manifest_path == '/' ? "" : buf), manifest_path,
                            strerror(errno));
                        return (Z_ERR);
                }
        }

        (void) snprintf(tmpname, size, "/var/run/zone.%d", getpid());

        if ((ofd = open(tmpname, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR)) < 0) {
                zperror(gettext("could not save manifest"), B_FALSE);
                (void) close(fd);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        while ((len = read(fd, buf, sizeof (buf))) > 0) {
                if (write(ofd, buf, len) == -1) {
                        zperror(gettext("could not save manifest"), B_FALSE);
                        (void) close(ofd);
                        (void) close(fd);
                        return (Z_ERR);
                }
        }

        if (close(ofd) != 0) {
                zperror(gettext("could not save manifest"), B_FALSE);
                (void) close(fd);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        (void) close(fd);

        if ((fd = open(tmpname, O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
                zperror(gettext("could not open manifest path"), B_FALSE);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        if ((local_handle = zonecfg_init_handle()) == NULL) {
                zperror(cmd_to_str(CMD_ATTACH), B_TRUE);
                res = Z_ERR;
                goto done;
        }

        if ((rem_handle = zonecfg_init_handle()) == NULL) {
                zperror(cmd_to_str(CMD_ATTACH), B_TRUE);
                res = Z_ERR;
                goto done;
        }

        if ((err = zonecfg_attach_manifest(fd, local_handle, rem_handle))
            != Z_OK) {
                res = Z_ERR;

                if (err == Z_INVALID_DOCUMENT) {
                        struct stat st;
                        char buf[6];

                        if (strcmp(manifest_path, "-") == 0) {
                                zerror(gettext("Input is not a valid XML "
                                    "file"));
                                goto done;
                        }

                        if (fstat(fd, &st) == -1 || !S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
                                zerror(gettext("%s is not an XML file"),
                                    manifest_path);
                                goto done;
                        }

                        bzero(buf, sizeof (buf));
                        (void) lseek(fd, 0L, SEEK_SET);
                        if (read(fd, buf, sizeof (buf) - 1) < 0 ||
                            strncmp(buf, "<?xml", 5) != 0)
                                zerror(gettext("%s is not an XML file"),
                                    manifest_path);
                        else
                                zerror(gettext("Cannot attach to an earlier "
                                    "release of the operating system"));
                } else {
                        zperror(cmd_to_str(CMD_ATTACH), B_TRUE);
                }
                goto done;
        }

        /* Retrieve remote handle brand type. */
        if (zonecfg_get_brand(rem_handle, target_brand, sizeof (target_brand))
            != Z_OK) {
                zerror(gettext("missing or invalid brand"));
                exit(Z_ERR);
        }

done:
        zonecfg_fini_handle(local_handle);
        zonecfg_fini_handle(rem_handle);
        (void) close(fd);

        return ((res == Z_OK) ? Z_OK : Z_ERR);
}

/* ARGSUSED */
static int
attach_func(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        int lockfd = -1;
        int err, arg;
        boolean_t force = B_FALSE;
        zone_dochandle_t handle;
        char zonepath[MAXPATHLEN];
        char cmdbuf[MAXPATHLEN];
        char postcmdbuf[MAXPATHLEN];
        boolean_t execute = B_TRUE;
        boolean_t brand_help = B_FALSE;
        char *manifest_path;
        char tmpmanifest[80];
        int manifest_pos;
        brand_handle_t bh = NULL;
        int status;
        int last_index = 0;
        int offset;
        char *up;
        boolean_t forced_update = B_FALSE;

        if (zonecfg_in_alt_root()) {
                zerror(gettext("cannot attach zone in alternate root"));
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        /* Check the argv string for args we handle internally */
        optind = 0;
        opterr = 0;
        while ((arg = getopt(argc, argv, "?Fn:U")) != EOF) {
                switch (arg) {
                case '?':
                        if (optopt == '?') {
                                sub_usage(SHELP_ATTACH, CMD_ATTACH);
                                brand_help = B_TRUE;
                        }
                        /* Ignore unknown options - may be brand specific. */
                        break;
                case 'F':
                        force = B_TRUE;
                        break;
                case 'n':
                        execute = B_FALSE;
                        manifest_path = optarg;
                        manifest_pos = optind - 1;
                        break;
                case 'U':
                        /*
                         * Undocumented 'force update' option for p2v update on
                         * attach when zone is in the incomplete state.  Change
                         * the option back to 'u' and set forced_update flag.
                         */
                        if (optind == last_index)
                                offset = optind;
                        else
                                offset = optind - 1;
                        if ((up = index(argv[offset], 'U')) != NULL)
                                *up = 'u';
                        forced_update = B_TRUE;
                        break;
                default:
                        /* Ignore unknown options - may be brand specific. */
                        break;
                }
                last_index = optind;
        }

        if (brand_help) {
                force = B_FALSE;
                execute = B_TRUE;
        }

        /* dry-run and force flags are mutually exclusive */
        if (!execute && force) {
                zerror(gettext("-F and -n flags are mutually exclusive"));
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        /*
         * If the no-execute option was specified, we don't do validation and
         * need to figure out the brand, since there is no zone required to be
         * configured for this option.
         */
        if (execute) {
                if (!brand_help) {
                        if (sanity_check(target_zone, CMD_ATTACH, B_FALSE,
                            B_TRUE, forced_update) != Z_OK)
                                return (Z_ERR);
                        if (verify_details(CMD_ATTACH, argv) != Z_OK)
                                return (Z_ERR);
                }

                if ((err = zone_get_zonepath(target_zone, zonepath,
                    sizeof (zonepath))) != Z_OK) {
                        errno = err;
                        zperror2(target_zone,
                            gettext("could not get zone path"));
                        return (Z_ERR);
                }
        } else {
                if (dryrun_get_brand(manifest_path, tmpmanifest,
                    sizeof (tmpmanifest)) != Z_OK)
                        return (Z_ERR);

                argv[manifest_pos] = tmpmanifest;
                target_zone = "-";
                (void) strlcpy(zonepath, "-", sizeof (zonepath));

                /* Run the brand's verify_adm hook. */
                if (verify_brand(NULL, CMD_ATTACH, argv) != Z_OK)
                        return (Z_ERR);
        }

        /*
         * Fetch the attach and postattach hooks from the brand configuration.
         */
        if ((bh = brand_open(target_brand)) == NULL) {
                zerror(gettext("missing or invalid brand"));
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        if (get_hook(bh, cmdbuf, sizeof (cmdbuf), brand_get_attach, target_zone,
            zonepath) != Z_OK) {
                zerror("invalid brand configuration: missing attach resource");
                brand_close(bh);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        if (get_hook(bh, postcmdbuf, sizeof (postcmdbuf), brand_get_postattach,
            target_zone, zonepath) != Z_OK) {
                zerror("invalid brand configuration: missing postattach "
                    "resource");
                brand_close(bh);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        brand_close(bh);

        /* Append all options to attach hook. */
        if (addoptions(cmdbuf, argv, sizeof (cmdbuf)) != Z_OK)
                return (Z_ERR);

        /* Append all options to postattach hook. */
        if (addoptions(postcmdbuf, argv, sizeof (postcmdbuf)) != Z_OK)
                return (Z_ERR);

        if (execute && !brand_help) {
                if (zonecfg_grab_lock_file(target_zone, &lockfd) != Z_OK) {
                        zerror(gettext("another %s may have an operation in "
                            "progress."), "zoneadm");
                        return (Z_ERR);
                }
        }

        if (!force) {
                /*
                 * Not a force-attach, so we need to actually do the work.
                 */
                if (cmdbuf[0] != '\0') {
                        /* Run the attach hook */
                        status = do_subproc(cmdbuf);
                        if ((status = subproc_status(gettext("brand-specific "
                            "attach"), status, B_FALSE)) != ZONE_SUBPROC_OK) {
                                if (status == ZONE_SUBPROC_USAGE && !brand_help)
                                        sub_usage(SHELP_ATTACH, CMD_ATTACH);

                                if (execute && !brand_help) {
                                        assert(zonecfg_lock_file_held(&lockfd));
                                        zonecfg_release_lock_file(target_zone,
                                            lockfd);
                                        lockfd = -1;
                                }

                                assert(lockfd == -1);
                                return (Z_ERR);
                        }
                }

                /*
                 * Else run the built-in attach support.
                 * This is a no-op since there is nothing to validate.
                 */

                /* If dry-run or help, then we're done. */
                if (!execute || brand_help) {
                        if (!execute)
                                (void) unlink(tmpmanifest);
                        assert(lockfd == -1);
                        return (Z_OK);
                }
        }

        /* Now we can validate that the zonepath exists. */
        if (validate_zonepath(zonepath, CMD_ATTACH) != Z_OK) {
                (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("could not verify zonepath %s "
                    "because of the above errors.\n"), zonepath);

                assert(zonecfg_lock_file_held(&lockfd));
                zonecfg_release_lock_file(target_zone, lockfd);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        if ((handle = zonecfg_init_handle()) == NULL) {
                zperror(cmd_to_str(CMD_ATTACH), B_TRUE);
                err = Z_ERR;
        } else if ((err = zonecfg_get_handle(target_zone, handle)) != Z_OK) {
                errno = err;
                zperror(cmd_to_str(CMD_ATTACH), B_TRUE);
                zonecfg_fini_handle(handle);
        } else {
                zonecfg_rm_detached(handle, force);
                zonecfg_fini_handle(handle);
        }

        if (err == Z_OK &&
            (err = zone_set_state(target_zone, ZONE_STATE_INSTALLED)) != Z_OK) {
                errno = err;
                zperror(gettext("could not reset state"), B_TRUE);
        }

        assert(zonecfg_lock_file_held(&lockfd));
        zonecfg_release_lock_file(target_zone, lockfd);
        lockfd = -1;

        /* If we have a brand postattach hook, run it. */
        if (err == Z_OK && !force && postcmdbuf[0] != '\0') {
                status = do_subproc(postcmdbuf);
                if (subproc_status(gettext("brand-specific postattach"),
                    status, B_FALSE) != ZONE_SUBPROC_OK) {
                        if ((err = zone_set_state(target_zone,
                            ZONE_STATE_CONFIGURED)) != Z_OK) {
                                errno = err;
                                zperror(gettext("could not reset state"),
                                    B_TRUE);
                        }
                }
        }

        assert(lockfd == -1);
        return ((err == Z_OK) ? Z_OK : Z_ERR);
}

/*
 * On input, TRUE => yes, FALSE => no.
 * On return, TRUE => 1, FALSE => 0, could not ask => -1.
 */

static int
ask_yesno(boolean_t default_answer, const char *question)
{
        char line[64];  /* should be large enough to answer yes or no */

        if (!isatty(STDIN_FILENO))
                return (-1);
        for (;;) {
                (void) printf("%s (%s)? ", question,
                    default_answer ? "[y]/n" : "y/[n]");
                if (fgets(line, sizeof (line), stdin) == NULL ||
                    line[0] == '\n')
                        return (default_answer ? 1 : 0);
                if (tolower(line[0]) == 'y')
                        return (1);
                if (tolower(line[0]) == 'n')
                        return (0);
        }
}

/* ARGSUSED */
static int
uninstall_func(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        char line[ZONENAME_MAX + 128];  /* Enough for "Are you sure ..." */
        char rootpath[MAXPATHLEN], zonepath[MAXPATHLEN];
        char cmdbuf[MAXPATHLEN];
        char precmdbuf[MAXPATHLEN];
        boolean_t force = B_FALSE;
        int lockfd, answer;
        int err, arg;
        boolean_t brand_help = B_FALSE;
        brand_handle_t bh = NULL;
        int status;

        if (zonecfg_in_alt_root()) {
                zerror(gettext("cannot uninstall zone in alternate root"));
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        /* Check the argv string for args we handle internally */
        optind = 0;
        opterr = 0;
        while ((arg = getopt(argc, argv, "?F")) != EOF) {
                switch (arg) {
                case '?':
                        if (optopt == '?') {
                                sub_usage(SHELP_UNINSTALL, CMD_UNINSTALL);
                                brand_help = B_TRUE;
                        }
                        /* Ignore unknown options - may be brand specific. */
                        break;
                case 'F':
                        force = B_TRUE;
                        break;
                default:
                        /* Ignore unknown options - may be brand specific. */
                        break;
                }
        }

        if (!brand_help) {
                if (sanity_check(target_zone, CMD_UNINSTALL, B_FALSE, B_TRUE,
                    B_FALSE) != Z_OK)
                        return (Z_ERR);

                /*
                 * Invoke brand-specific handler.
                 */
                if (invoke_brand_handler(CMD_UNINSTALL, argv) != Z_OK)
                        return (Z_ERR);

                if (!force) {
                        (void) snprintf(line, sizeof (line),
                            gettext("Are you sure you want to %s zone %s"),
                            cmd_to_str(CMD_UNINSTALL), target_zone);
                        if ((answer = ask_yesno(B_FALSE, line)) == 0) {
                                return (Z_OK);
                        } else if (answer == -1) {
                                zerror(gettext("Input not from terminal and -F "
                                    "not specified: %s not done."),
                                    cmd_to_str(CMD_UNINSTALL));
                                return (Z_ERR);
                        }
                }
        }

        if ((err = zone_get_zonepath(target_zone, zonepath,
            sizeof (zonepath))) != Z_OK) {
                errno = err;
                zperror2(target_zone, gettext("could not get zone path"));
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        /*
         * Fetch the uninstall and preuninstall hooks from the brand
         * configuration.
         */
        if ((bh = brand_open(target_brand)) == NULL) {
                zerror(gettext("missing or invalid brand"));
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        if (get_hook(bh, cmdbuf, sizeof (cmdbuf), brand_get_uninstall,
            target_zone, zonepath) != Z_OK) {
                zerror("invalid brand configuration: missing uninstall "
                    "resource");
                brand_close(bh);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        if (get_hook(bh, precmdbuf, sizeof (precmdbuf), brand_get_preuninstall,
            target_zone, zonepath) != Z_OK) {
                zerror("invalid brand configuration: missing preuninstall "
                    "resource");
                brand_close(bh);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        brand_close(bh);

        /* Append all options to preuninstall hook. */
        if (addoptions(precmdbuf, argv, sizeof (precmdbuf)) != Z_OK)
                return (Z_ERR);

        /* Append all options to uninstall hook. */
        if (addoptions(cmdbuf, argv, sizeof (cmdbuf)) != Z_OK)
                return (Z_ERR);

        if (!brand_help) {
                if ((err = zone_get_rootpath(target_zone, rootpath,
                    sizeof (rootpath))) != Z_OK) {
                        errno = err;
                        zperror2(target_zone, gettext("could not get root "
                            "path"));
                        return (Z_ERR);
                }

                /*
                 * If there seems to be a zoneadmd running for this zone, call
                 * it to tell it that an uninstall is happening; if all goes
                 * well it will then shut itself down.
                 */
                if (zonecfg_ping_zoneadmd(target_zone) == Z_OK) {
                        zone_cmd_arg_t zarg;
                        zarg.cmd = Z_NOTE_UNINSTALLING;
                        /* we don't care too much if this fails, just plow on */
                        (void) zonecfg_call_zoneadmd(target_zone, &zarg, locale,
                            B_TRUE);
                }

                if (zonecfg_grab_lock_file(target_zone, &lockfd) != Z_OK) {
                        zerror(gettext("another %s may have an operation in "
                            "progress."), "zoneadm");
                        return (Z_ERR);
                }

                /* Don't uninstall the zone if anything is mounted there */
                err = zonecfg_find_mounts(rootpath, NULL, NULL);
                if (err) {
                        zerror(gettext("These file systems are mounted on "
                            "subdirectories of %s.\n"), rootpath);
                        (void) zonecfg_find_mounts(rootpath, zfm_print, NULL);
                        zonecfg_release_lock_file(target_zone, lockfd);
                        return (Z_ERR);
                }
        }

        /* If we have a brand preuninstall hook, run it. */
        if (!brand_help && precmdbuf[0] != '\0') {
                status = do_subproc(precmdbuf);
                if (subproc_status(gettext("brand-specific preuninstall"),
                    status, B_FALSE) != ZONE_SUBPROC_OK) {
                        zonecfg_release_lock_file(target_zone, lockfd);
                        return (Z_ERR);
                }
        }

        if (!brand_help) {
                err = zone_set_state(target_zone, ZONE_STATE_INCOMPLETE);
                if (err != Z_OK) {
                        errno = err;
                        zperror2(target_zone, gettext("could not set state"));
                        goto bad;
                }
        }

        /*
         * If there is a brand uninstall hook, use it, otherwise use the
         * built-in uninstall code.
         */
        if (cmdbuf[0] != '\0') {
                /* Run the uninstall hook */
                status = do_subproc(cmdbuf);
                if ((status = subproc_status(gettext("brand-specific "
                    "uninstall"), status, B_FALSE)) != ZONE_SUBPROC_OK) {
                        if (status == ZONE_SUBPROC_USAGE && !brand_help)
                                sub_usage(SHELP_UNINSTALL, CMD_UNINSTALL);
                        if (!brand_help)
                                zonecfg_release_lock_file(target_zone, lockfd);
                        return (Z_ERR);
                }

                if (brand_help)
                        return (Z_OK);
        } else {
                /* If just help, we're done since there is no brand help. */
                if (brand_help)
                        return (Z_OK);

                /* Run the built-in uninstall support. */
                if ((err = cleanup_zonepath(zonepath, B_FALSE)) != Z_OK) {
                        errno = err;
                        zperror2(target_zone, gettext("cleaning up zonepath "
                            "failed"));
                        goto bad;
                }
        }

        err = zone_set_state(target_zone, ZONE_STATE_CONFIGURED);
        if (err != Z_OK) {
                errno = err;
                zperror2(target_zone, gettext("could not reset state"));
        }
bad:
        zonecfg_release_lock_file(target_zone, lockfd);
        return (err);
}

/* ARGSUSED */
static int
mount_func(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        zone_cmd_arg_t zarg;
        boolean_t force = B_FALSE;
        int arg;

        /*
         * The only supported subargument to the "mount" subcommand is
         * "-f", which forces us to mount a zone in the INCOMPLETE state.
         */
        optind = 0;
        if ((arg = getopt(argc, argv, "f")) != EOF) {
                switch (arg) {
                case 'f':
                        force = B_TRUE;
                        break;
                default:
                        return (Z_USAGE);
                }
        }
        if (argc > optind)
                return (Z_USAGE);

        if (sanity_check(target_zone, CMD_MOUNT, B_FALSE, B_FALSE, force)
            != Z_OK)
                return (Z_ERR);
        if (verify_details(CMD_MOUNT, argv) != Z_OK)
                return (Z_ERR);

        zarg.cmd = force ? Z_FORCEMOUNT : Z_MOUNT;
        zarg.bootbuf[0] = '\0';
        if (zonecfg_call_zoneadmd(target_zone, &zarg, locale, B_TRUE) != 0) {
                zerror(gettext("call to %s failed"), "zoneadmd");
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        return (Z_OK);
}

/* ARGSUSED */
static int
unmount_func(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        zone_cmd_arg_t zarg;

        if (argc > 0)
                return (Z_USAGE);
        if (sanity_check(target_zone, CMD_UNMOUNT, B_FALSE, B_FALSE, B_FALSE)
            != Z_OK)
                return (Z_ERR);

        zarg.cmd = Z_UNMOUNT;
        if (zonecfg_call_zoneadmd(target_zone, &zarg, locale, B_TRUE) != 0) {
                zerror(gettext("call to %s failed"), "zoneadmd");
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        return (Z_OK);
}

static int
mark_func(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        int err, lockfd;
        int arg;
        boolean_t force = B_FALSE;
        int state;

        optind = 0;
        opterr = 0;
        while ((arg = getopt(argc, argv, "F")) != EOF) {
                switch (arg) {
                case 'F':
                        force = B_TRUE;
                        break;
                default:
                        return (Z_USAGE);
                }
        }

        if (argc != (optind + 1))
                return (Z_USAGE);

        if (strcmp(argv[optind], "configured") == 0)
                state = ZONE_STATE_CONFIGURED;
        else if (strcmp(argv[optind], "incomplete") == 0)
                state = ZONE_STATE_INCOMPLETE;
        else if (strcmp(argv[optind], "installed") == 0)
                state = ZONE_STATE_INSTALLED;
        else
                return (Z_USAGE);

        if (state != ZONE_STATE_INCOMPLETE && !force)
                return (Z_USAGE);

        if (sanity_check(target_zone, CMD_MARK, B_FALSE, B_TRUE, B_FALSE)
            != Z_OK)
                return (Z_ERR);

        /*
         * Invoke brand-specific handler.
         */
        if (invoke_brand_handler(CMD_MARK, argv) != Z_OK)
                return (Z_ERR);

        if (zonecfg_grab_lock_file(target_zone, &lockfd) != Z_OK) {
                zerror(gettext("another %s may have an operation in progress."),
                    "zoneadm");
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        err = zone_set_state(target_zone, state);
        if (err != Z_OK) {
                errno = err;
                zperror2(target_zone, gettext("could not set state"));
        }
        zonecfg_release_lock_file(target_zone, lockfd);

        return (err);
}

/*
 * Check what scheduling class we're running under and print a warning if
 * we're not using FSS.
 */
static int
check_sched_fss(zone_dochandle_t handle)
{
        char class_name[PC_CLNMSZ];

        if (zonecfg_get_dflt_sched_class(handle, class_name,
            sizeof (class_name)) != Z_OK) {
                zerror(gettext("WARNING: unable to determine the zone's "
                    "scheduling class"));
        } else if (strcmp("FSS", class_name) != 0) {
                zerror(gettext("WARNING: The zone.cpu-shares rctl is set but\n"
                    "FSS is not the default scheduling class for this zone.  "
                    "FSS will be\nused for processes in the zone but to get "
                    "the full benefit of FSS,\nit should be the default "
                    "scheduling class.  See dispadmin(1M) for\nmore details."));
                return (Z_SYSTEM);
        }

        return (Z_OK);
}

static int
check_cpu_shares_sched(zone_dochandle_t handle)
{
        int err;
        int res = Z_OK;
        struct zone_rctltab rctl;

        if ((err = zonecfg_setrctlent(handle)) != Z_OK) {
                errno = err;
                zperror(cmd_to_str(CMD_APPLY), B_TRUE);
                return (err);
        }

        while (zonecfg_getrctlent(handle, &rctl) == Z_OK) {
                if (strcmp(rctl.zone_rctl_name, "zone.cpu-shares") == 0) {
                        if (check_sched_fss(handle) != Z_OK)
                                res = Z_SYSTEM;
                        break;
                }
        }

        (void) zonecfg_endrctlent(handle);

        return (res);
}

/*
 * Check if there is a mix of processes running in different pools within the
 * zone.  This is currently only going to be called for the global zone from
 * apply_func but that could be generalized in the future.
 */
static boolean_t
mixed_pools(zoneid_t zoneid)
{
        DIR *dirp;
        dirent_t *dent;
        boolean_t mixed = B_FALSE;
        boolean_t poolid_set = B_FALSE;
        poolid_t last_poolid = 0;

        if ((dirp = opendir("/proc")) == NULL) {
                zerror(gettext("could not open /proc"));
                return (B_FALSE);
        }

        while ((dent = readdir(dirp)) != NULL) {
                int procfd;
                psinfo_t ps;
                char procpath[MAXPATHLEN];

                if (dent->d_name[0] == '.')
                        continue;

                (void) snprintf(procpath, sizeof (procpath), "/proc/%s/psinfo",
                    dent->d_name);

                if ((procfd = open(procpath, O_RDONLY)) == -1)
                        continue;

                if (read(procfd, &ps, sizeof (ps)) == sizeof (psinfo_t)) {
                        /* skip processes in other zones and system processes */
                        if (zoneid != ps.pr_zoneid || ps.pr_flag & SSYS) {
                                (void) close(procfd);
                                continue;
                        }

                        if (poolid_set) {
                                if (ps.pr_poolid != last_poolid)
                                        mixed = B_TRUE;
                        } else {
                                last_poolid = ps.pr_poolid;
                                poolid_set = B_TRUE;
                        }
                }

                (void) close(procfd);

                if (mixed)
                        break;
        }

        (void) closedir(dirp);

        return (mixed);
}

/*
 * Check if a persistent or temporary pool is configured for the zone.
 * This is currently only going to be called for the global zone from
 * apply_func but that could be generalized in the future.
 */
static boolean_t
pool_configured(zone_dochandle_t handle)
{
        int err1, err2;
        struct zone_psettab pset_tab;
        char poolname[MAXPATHLEN];

        err1 = zonecfg_lookup_pset(handle, &pset_tab);
        err2 = zonecfg_get_pool(handle, poolname, sizeof (poolname));

        if (err1 == Z_NO_ENTRY &&
            (err2 == Z_NO_ENTRY || (err2 == Z_OK && strlen(poolname) == 0)))
                return (B_FALSE);

        return (B_TRUE);
}

/*
 * This is an undocumented interface which is currently only used to apply
 * the global zone resource management settings when the system boots.
 * This function does not yet properly handle updating a running system so
 * any projects running in the zone would be trashed if this function
 * were to run after the zone had booted.  It also does not reset any
 * rctl settings that were removed from zonecfg.  There is still work to be
 * done before we can properly support dynamically updating the resource
 * management settings for a running zone (global or non-global).  Thus, this
 * functionality is undocumented for now.
 */
/* ARGSUSED */
static int
apply_func(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        int err;
        int res = Z_OK;
        priv_set_t *privset;
        zoneid_t zoneid;
        zone_dochandle_t handle;
        struct zone_mcaptab mcap;
        char pool_err[128];

        zoneid = getzoneid();

        if (zonecfg_in_alt_root() || zoneid != GLOBAL_ZONEID ||
            target_zone == NULL || strcmp(target_zone, GLOBAL_ZONENAME) != 0)
                return (usage(B_FALSE));

        if ((privset = priv_allocset()) == NULL) {
                zerror(gettext("%s failed"), "priv_allocset");
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        if (getppriv(PRIV_EFFECTIVE, privset) != 0) {
                zerror(gettext("%s failed"), "getppriv");
                priv_freeset(privset);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        if (priv_isfullset(privset) == B_FALSE) {
                (void) usage(B_FALSE);
                priv_freeset(privset);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        priv_freeset(privset);

        if ((handle = zonecfg_init_handle()) == NULL) {
                zperror(cmd_to_str(CMD_APPLY), B_TRUE);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        if ((err = zonecfg_get_handle(target_zone, handle)) != Z_OK) {
                errno = err;
                zperror(cmd_to_str(CMD_APPLY), B_TRUE);
                zonecfg_fini_handle(handle);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        /* specific error msgs are printed within apply_rctls */
        if ((err = zonecfg_apply_rctls(target_zone, handle)) != Z_OK) {
                errno = err;
                zperror(cmd_to_str(CMD_APPLY), B_TRUE);
                res = Z_ERR;
        }

        if ((err = check_cpu_shares_sched(handle)) != Z_OK)
                res = Z_ERR;

        if (pool_configured(handle)) {
                if (mixed_pools(zoneid)) {
                        zerror(gettext("Zone is using multiple resource "
                            "pools.  The pool\nconfiguration cannot be "
                            "applied without rebooting."));
                        res = Z_ERR;
                } else {

                        /*
                         * The next two blocks of code attempt to set up
                         * temporary pools as well as persistent pools.  In
                         * both cases we call the functions unconditionally.
                         * Within each funtion the code will check if the zone
                         * is actually configured for a temporary pool or
                         * persistent pool and just return if there is nothing
                         * to do.
                         */
                        if ((err = zonecfg_bind_tmp_pool(handle, zoneid,
                            pool_err, sizeof (pool_err))) != Z_OK) {
                                if (err == Z_POOL || err == Z_POOL_CREATE ||
                                    err == Z_POOL_BIND)
                                        zerror("%s: %s", zonecfg_strerror(err),
                                            pool_err);
                                else
                                        zerror(gettext("could not bind zone to "
                                            "temporary pool: %s"),
                                            zonecfg_strerror(err));
                                res = Z_ERR;
                        }

                        if ((err = zonecfg_bind_pool(handle, zoneid, pool_err,
                            sizeof (pool_err))) != Z_OK) {
                                if (err == Z_POOL || err == Z_POOL_BIND)
                                        zerror("%s: %s", zonecfg_strerror(err),
                                            pool_err);
                                else
                                        zerror("%s", zonecfg_strerror(err));
                        }
                }
        }

        /*
         * If a memory cap is configured, set the cap in the kernel using
         * zone_setattr() and make sure the rcapd SMF service is enabled.
         */
        if (zonecfg_getmcapent(handle, &mcap) == Z_OK) {
                uint64_t num;
                char smf_err[128];

                num = (uint64_t)strtoll(mcap.zone_physmem_cap, NULL, 10);
                if (zone_setattr(zoneid, ZONE_ATTR_PHYS_MCAP, &num, 0) == -1) {
                        zerror(gettext("could not set zone memory cap"));
                        res = Z_ERR;
                }

                if (zonecfg_enable_rcapd(smf_err, sizeof (smf_err)) != Z_OK) {
                        zerror(gettext("enabling system/rcap service failed: "
                            "%s"), smf_err);
                        res = Z_ERR;
                }
        }

        zonecfg_fini_handle(handle);

        return (res);
}

/*
 * This is an undocumented interface that is invoked by the zones SMF service
 * for installed zones that won't automatically boot.
 */
/* ARGSUSED */
static int
sysboot_func(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        int err;
        zone_dochandle_t zone_handle;
        brand_handle_t brand_handle;
        char cmdbuf[MAXPATHLEN];
        char zonepath[MAXPATHLEN];

        /*
         * This subcommand can only be executed in the global zone on non-global
         * zones.
         */
        if (zonecfg_in_alt_root())
                return (usage(B_FALSE));
        if (sanity_check(target_zone, CMD_SYSBOOT, B_FALSE, B_TRUE, B_FALSE) !=
            Z_OK)
                return (Z_ERR);

        /*
         * Fetch the sysboot hook from the target zone's brand.
         */
        if ((zone_handle = zonecfg_init_handle()) == NULL) {
                zperror(cmd_to_str(CMD_SYSBOOT), B_TRUE);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        if ((err = zonecfg_get_handle(target_zone, zone_handle)) != Z_OK) {
                errno = err;
                zperror(cmd_to_str(CMD_SYSBOOT), B_TRUE);
                zonecfg_fini_handle(zone_handle);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        if ((err = zonecfg_get_zonepath(zone_handle, zonepath,
            sizeof (zonepath))) != Z_OK) {
                errno = err;
                zperror(cmd_to_str(CMD_SYSBOOT), B_TRUE);
                zonecfg_fini_handle(zone_handle);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        if ((brand_handle = brand_open(target_brand)) == NULL) {
                zerror(gettext("missing or invalid brand during %s operation: "
                    "%s"), cmd_to_str(CMD_SYSBOOT), target_brand);
                zonecfg_fini_handle(zone_handle);
                return (Z_ERR);
        }
        err = get_hook(brand_handle, cmdbuf, sizeof (cmdbuf), brand_get_sysboot,
            target_zone, zonepath);
        brand_close(brand_handle);
        zonecfg_fini_handle(zone_handle);
        if (err != Z_OK) {
                zerror(gettext("unable to get brand hook from brand %s for %s "
                    "operation"), target_brand, cmd_to_str(CMD_SYSBOOT));
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        /*
         * If the hook wasn't defined (which is OK), then indicate success and
         * return.  Otherwise, execute the hook.
         */
        if (cmdbuf[0] != '\0')
                return ((subproc_status(gettext("brand sysboot operation"),
                    do_subproc(cmdbuf), B_FALSE) == ZONE_SUBPROC_OK) ? Z_OK :
                    Z_BRAND_ERROR);
        return (Z_OK);
}

static int
help_func(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        int arg, cmd_num;

        if (argc == 0) {
                (void) usage(B_TRUE);
                return (Z_OK);
        }
        optind = 0;
        if ((arg = getopt(argc, argv, "?")) != EOF) {
                switch (arg) {
                case '?':
                        sub_usage(SHELP_HELP, CMD_HELP);
                        return (optopt == '?' ? Z_OK : Z_USAGE);
                default:
                        sub_usage(SHELP_HELP, CMD_HELP);
                        return (Z_USAGE);
                }
        }
        while (optind < argc) {
                /* Private commands have NULL short_usage; omit them */
                if ((cmd_num = cmd_match(argv[optind])) < 0 ||
                    cmdtab[cmd_num].short_usage == NULL) {
                        sub_usage(SHELP_HELP, CMD_HELP);
                        return (Z_USAGE);
                }
                sub_usage(cmdtab[cmd_num].short_usage, cmd_num);
                optind++;
        }
        return (Z_OK);
}

/*
 * Returns: CMD_MIN thru CMD_MAX on success, -1 on error
 */

static int
cmd_match(char *cmd)
{
        int i;

        for (i = CMD_MIN; i <= CMD_MAX; i++) {
                /* return only if there is an exact match */
                if (strcmp(cmd, cmdtab[i].cmd_name) == 0)
                        return (cmdtab[i].cmd_num);
        }
        return (-1);
}

static int
parse_and_run(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        int i = cmd_match(argv[0]);

        if (i < 0)
                return (usage(B_FALSE));
        return (cmdtab[i].handler(argc - 1, &(argv[1])));
}

static char *
get_execbasename(char *execfullname)
{
        char *last_slash, *execbasename;

        /* guard against '/' at end of command invocation */
        for (;;) {
                last_slash = strrchr(execfullname, '/');
                if (last_slash == NULL) {
                        execbasename = execfullname;
                        break;
                } else {
                        execbasename = last_slash + 1;
                        if (*execbasename == '\0') {
                                *last_slash = '\0';
                                continue;
                        }
                        break;
                }
        }
        return (execbasename);
}

static char *
get_username()
{
        uid_t uid;
        struct passwd *nptr;


        /*
         * Authorizations are checked to restrict access based on the
         * requested operation and zone name, It is assumed that the
         * program is running with all privileges, but that the real
         * user ID is that of the user or role on whose behalf we are
         * operating. So we start by getting the username that will be
         * used for subsequent authorization checks.
         */

        uid = getuid();
        if ((nptr = getpwuid(uid)) == NULL) {
                zerror(gettext("could not get user name."));
                exit(Z_ERR);
        }
        return (nptr->pw_name);
}

int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
        int arg;
        zoneid_t zid;
        struct stat st;
        char *zone_lock_env;
        int err;

        if ((locale = setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) == NULL)
                locale = "C";
        (void) textdomain(TEXT_DOMAIN);
        setbuf(stdout, NULL);
        (void) sigset(SIGHUP, SIG_IGN);
        execname = get_execbasename(argv[0]);
        username = get_username();
        target_zone = NULL;
        if (chdir("/") != 0) {
                zerror(gettext("could not change directory to /."));
                exit(Z_ERR);
        }

        /*
         * Use the default system mask rather than anything that may have been
         * set by the caller.
         */
        (void) umask(CMASK);

        if (init_zfs() != Z_OK)
                exit(Z_ERR);

        while ((arg = getopt(argc, argv, "?u:z:R:")) != EOF) {
                switch (arg) {
                case '?':
                        return (usage(B_TRUE));
                case 'u':
                        target_uuid = optarg;
                        break;
                case 'z':
                        target_zone = optarg;
                        break;
                case 'R':       /* private option for admin/install use */
                        if (*optarg != '/') {
                                zerror(gettext("root path must be absolute."));
                                exit(Z_ERR);
                        }
                        if (stat(optarg, &st) == -1 || !S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
                                zerror(
                                    gettext("root path must be a directory."));
                                exit(Z_ERR);
                        }
                        zonecfg_set_root(optarg);
                        break;
                default:
                        return (usage(B_FALSE));
                }
        }

        if (optind >= argc)
                return (usage(B_FALSE));

        if (target_uuid != NULL && *target_uuid != '\0') {
                uuid_t uuid;
                static char newtarget[ZONENAME_MAX];

                if (uuid_parse(target_uuid, uuid) == -1) {
                        zerror(gettext("illegal UUID value specified"));
                        exit(Z_ERR);
                }
                if (zonecfg_get_name_by_uuid(uuid, newtarget,
                    sizeof (newtarget)) == Z_OK)
                        target_zone = newtarget;
        }

        if (target_zone != NULL && zone_get_id(target_zone, &zid) != 0) {
                errno = Z_NO_ZONE;
                zperror(target_zone, B_TRUE);
                exit(Z_ERR);
        }

        /*
         * See if we have inherited the right to manipulate this zone from
         * a zoneadm instance in our ancestry.  If so, set zone_lock_cnt to
         * indicate it.  If not, make that explicit in our environment.
         */
        zonecfg_init_lock_file(target_zone, &zone_lock_env);

        /* Figure out what the system's default brand is */
        if (zonecfg_default_brand(default_brand,
            sizeof (default_brand)) != Z_OK) {
                zerror(gettext("unable to determine default brand"));
                return (Z_ERR);
        }

        /*
         * If we are going to be operating on a single zone, retrieve its
         * brand type and determine whether it is native or not.
         */
        if ((target_zone != NULL) &&
            (strcmp(target_zone, GLOBAL_ZONENAME) != 0)) {
                if (zone_get_brand(target_zone, target_brand,
                    sizeof (target_brand)) != Z_OK) {
                        zerror(gettext("missing or invalid brand"));
                        exit(Z_ERR);
                }
                /*
                 * In the alternate root environment, the only supported
                 * operations are mount and unmount.  In this case, just treat
                 * the zone as native if it is cluster.  Cluster zones can be
                 * native for the purpose of LU or upgrade, and the cluster
                 * brand may not exist in the miniroot (such as in net install
                 * upgrade).
                 */
                if (strcmp(target_brand, CLUSTER_BRAND_NAME) == 0) {
                        if (zonecfg_in_alt_root()) {
                                (void) strlcpy(target_brand, default_brand,
                                    sizeof (target_brand));
                        }
                }
        }

        err = parse_and_run(argc - optind, &argv[optind]);

        return (err);
}