dmake: do not set MAKEFLAGS=k

[unleashed/tickless.git] / usr / src / lib / libscf / inc / libscf_priv.h

/*
 * CDDL HEADER START
 *
 * The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the
 * Common Development and Distribution License (the "License").
 * You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 *
 * You can obtain a copy of the license at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE
 * or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions
 * and limitations under the License.
 *
 * When distributing Covered Code, include this CDDL HEADER in each
 * file and include the License file at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE.
 * If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the
 * fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying
 * information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
 *
 * CDDL HEADER END
 */
/*
 * Copyright (c) 2004, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * Copyright 2013, Joyent, Inc. All rights reserved.
 */

#ifndef _LIBSCF_PRIV_H
#define _LIBSCF_PRIV_H


#include <libscf.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#if !defined(NATIVE_BUILD)
#include <sys/secflags.h>
#endif

#ifdef  __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

/*
 * NOTE
 *
 * The contents of this file are private to the implementation of Solaris
 * and are subject to change at any time without notice.
 */

#define SCF_PG_GENERAL_TYPE             SCF_GROUP_FRAMEWORK
#define SCF_PG_GENERAL_FLAGS            0

#define SCF_PG_GENERAL_OVR_TYPE         SCF_GROUP_FRAMEWORK
#define SCF_PG_GENERAL_OVR_FLAGS        SCF_PG_FLAG_NONPERSISTENT

#define SCF_PG_DEATHROW_TYPE            SCF_GROUP_FRAMEWORK
#define SCF_PG_DEATHROW_FLAGS           SCF_PG_FLAG_NONPERSISTENT

#define SCF_PG_OPTIONS_TYPE             SCF_GROUP_FRAMEWORK
#define SCF_PG_OPTIONS_FLAGS            0

#define SCF_PG_OPTIONS_OVR_TYPE         SCF_GROUP_FRAMEWORK
#define SCF_PG_OPTIONS_OVR_FLAGS        SCF_PG_FLAG_NONPERSISTENT

#define SCF_PG_RESTARTER_TYPE           SCF_GROUP_FRAMEWORK
#define SCF_PG_RESTARTER_FLAGS          SCF_PG_FLAG_NONPERSISTENT

#define SCF_PG_RESTARTER_ACTIONS_TYPE   SCF_GROUP_FRAMEWORK
#define SCF_PG_RESTARTER_ACTIONS_FLAGS  SCF_PG_FLAG_NONPERSISTENT

#define SCF_PROPERTY_CLEAR              ((const char *)"maint_off")
#define SCF_PROPERTY_MAINTENANCE        ((const char *)"maint_on")

#define SCF_PROPERTY_LOGFILE            ((const char *)"logfile")
#define SCF_PROPERTY_ALT_LOGFILE        ((const char *)"alt_logfile")

#define SCF_LEGACY_SERVICE              ((const char *)"smf/legacy_run")

#define SCF_LEGACY_PROPERTY_NAME        ((const char *)"name")
#define SCF_LEGACY_PROPERTY_INODE       ((const char *)"inode")
#define SCF_LEGACY_PROPERTY_SUFFIX      ((const char *)"suffix")

#define SCF_FMRI_TYPE_SVC               0x1
#define SCF_FMRI_TYPE_FILE              0x2

/*
 * Strings for use in constructing FMRIs
 */
#define SCF_FMRI_SVC_PREFIX             "svc:"
#define SCF_FMRI_FILE_PREFIX            "file:"
#define SCF_FMRI_SCOPE_PREFIX           "//"
#define SCF_FMRI_LOCAL_SCOPE            "localhost"
#define SCF_FMRI_SCOPE_SUFFIX           "@localhost"
#define SCF_FMRI_SERVICE_PREFIX         "/"
#define SCF_FMRI_INSTANCE_PREFIX        ":"
#define SCF_FMRI_PROPERTYGRP_PREFIX     "/:properties/"
#define SCF_FMRI_PROPERTY_PREFIX        "/"
#define SCF_FMRI_LEGACY_PREFIX          "lrc:"

/*
 * sulogin Service FMRI
 */
#define SVC_SULOGIN_FMRI ((const char *)"svc:/system/sulogin")

typedef struct scf_decoration_info {
        const char *sdi_name;
        scf_type_t sdi_type;
        scf_value_t *sdi_value;         /* can be SCF_DECORATE_CLEAR */
} scf_decoration_info_t;

typedef int (*scf_decoration_func)(const scf_decoration_info_t *, void *);

/*
 * calls a callback function for each decoration on the handle.  If the
 * callback returns 0, the iteration stops and returns 0.  If the callback
 * returns a non-zero value, the iteration continues.  After full completion,
 * 1 is returned.  On error, -1 is returned.
 */
int _scf_handle_decorations(scf_handle_t *, scf_decoration_func *,
    scf_value_t *, void *);

/*
 * wait for a change to the propertygroup -- may return early.
 * For now, only one of these can be outstanding at a time.
 *
 * The second argument is how long, in seconds, to wait for a response.
 *
 * Returns SCF_COMPLETE on timeout, -1 on error, and SCF_SUCCESS in every
 * other case.  You must call scf_pg_update() to see if the object has
 * actually changed.
 */
int _scf_pg_wait(scf_propertygroup_t *, int);

/*
 * set up notifications for changes to a class of property groups (by name
 * and type)
 *
 * Only one thread can be sleeping in _scf_notify_wait() -- others will
 * fail.  Deletions give an fmri in the output path.
 *
 * These do not survive unbind()->bind() -- in fact, that is currently the
 * only way to clear them.
 */
int _scf_notify_add_pgname(scf_handle_t *, const char *);
int _scf_notify_add_pgtype(scf_handle_t *, const char *);
int _scf_notify_wait(scf_propertygroup_t *, char *, size_t);

/*
 * Internal interfaces for snapshot creation:
 *      _scf_snapshot_take_new(), _scf_snapshot_take_new_named(), and
 *      _scf_snapshot_take_attach() create a set of snaplevels
 *      containing frozen versions of both the instance's property groups and
 *      its parent service's property groups. _scf_snapshot_take_new() and
 *      _scf_snapshot_take_new_named() create a new snapshot to which the
 *      new snaplevels are attached, while _scf_snapshot_take_attach()
 *      attaches the new snaplevels to a pre-existing snapshot.
 *
 *      _scf_snapshot_take_new_named() records the passed in names into the
 *      snaplevel instead of the instance and service name.  This creates
 *      an inconsistency, which should be resolved by using
 *      _scf_snapshot_attach() to attach the new snaplevels to a snapshot
 *      underneath the appropriate instance.  The first snapshot can
 *      then be deleted.
 *
 *      _scf_snapshot_attach(snap1, snap2) points snap2 at the snaplevels
 *      pointed to by snap1.  After a call to either
 *      _scf_snapshot_take_attach(snap1, snap2) or
 *      _scf_snapshot_attach(inst, snap), scf_snapshot_update() will be
 *      required for any open references to snap or snap2 to see the new
 *      snaplevels.
 *
 *      _scf_snapshot_delete() deletes the snapshot object.  While
 *      snaplevels, being only loosely connected to snapshots, stay
 *      around until they are no longer referenced, any references *through
 *      this snapshot object* will be invalidated.
 *
 * _scf_snapshot_take_new() can fail with at least _HANDLE_MISMATCH,
 * _CONNECTION_BROKEN, _INVALID_ARGUMENT, _NO_RESOURCES, _PERMISSION_DENIED,
 * _NOT_SET, _EXISTS.
 *
 * _scf_snapshot_take_new_named() can fail with at least _HANDLE_MISMATCH,
 * _CONNECTION_BROKEN, _INVALID_ARGUMENT, _NO_RESOURCES, _PERMISSION_DENIED,
 * _NOT_SET, _EXISTS.
 *
 * _scf_snapshot_take_attach() can fail with _CONNECTION_BROKEN, _NOT_SET,
 * _PERMISSION_DENIED, _NO_RESOURCES, _INVALID_ARGUMENT.
 *
 * _scf_snapshot_attach() can fail with _HANDLE_MISMATCH, _CONNECTION_BROKEN,
 * _NOT_SET, _NO_RESOURCES, _PERMISSION_DENIED.
 */
int _scf_snapshot_take_new(scf_instance_t *, const char *, scf_snapshot_t *);
int _scf_snapshot_take_new_named(scf_instance_t *,
    const char *, const char *, const char *, scf_snapshot_t *);
int _scf_snapshot_take_attach(scf_instance_t *, scf_snapshot_t *);
int _scf_snapshot_attach(scf_snapshot_t *, scf_snapshot_t *);
int _scf_snapshot_delete(scf_snapshot_t *);

/*
 * Destructively portions up the first argument into the different portions
 * of a svc: fmri, and returns pointers to the applicable portions.  Omitted
 * portions are set to NULL, except for the scope, which is set to the
 * default local scope if not specified.
 *
 * Parsing is attempted in the order of: svc:, file:. The identified type
 * of the service is returned in the second argument and may take a value
 * of: SCF_FMRI_TYPE_SVC or SCF_FMRI_TYPE_FILE.
 *
 * Note that some of the returned pointers (in particular the scope) may not
 * point into the passed buffer.
 */
int scf_parse_fmri(char *, int *, const char **, const char **, const char **,
    const char **, const char **);

int scf_parse_svc_fmri(char *, const char **, const char **, const char **,
    const char **, const char **);

int scf_parse_file_fmri(char *fmri, const char **scope, const char **path);

ssize_t scf_canonify_fmri(const char *, char *, size_t);

int _smf_refresh_instance_i(scf_instance_t *);

typedef struct scf_simple_handle {
        scf_handle_t            *h;
        scf_snapshot_t          *snap;
        scf_instance_t          *inst;
        scf_propertygroup_t     *running_pg;
        scf_propertygroup_t     *editing_pg;
} scf_simple_handle_t;

void scf_simple_handle_destroy(scf_simple_handle_t *);
scf_simple_handle_t *scf_general_pg_setup(const char *, const char *);
scf_transaction_t *scf_transaction_setup(scf_simple_handle_t *);
int scf_transaction_restart(scf_simple_handle_t *, scf_transaction_t *);
int scf_read_count_property(scf_simple_handle_t *, char *, uint64_t *);
int scf_set_count_property(scf_transaction_t *, char *, uint64_t, boolean_t);

/*
 * Walks all the instances matching a given fmri list.  Each fmri in the array
 * can be one of the following:
 *
 *      - Full instance name
 *      - Full service name
 *      - Full property group or property name
 *      - Partial service or instance name
 *      - A globbed pattern
 *
 * The matching rules for partial fmris are a slightly more complex.  We allow
 * for any substring anchored at the end of the instance or service name,
 * provided it begins with a complete element in the fmri.  For example, given
 * the fmri "svc:/system/filesystem/local:default", any of the following would
 * be acceptable matches: 'default', 'local', 'local:default',
 * 'filesystem/local'.  The following would not be acceptable:
 * 'system/filesystem', 'filesystem/loc', 'system/local'.  Possible flag values:
 *
 *      SCF_WALK_MULTIPLE       Allow individual arguments to correspond to
 *                              multiple instances.
 *
 *      SCF_WALK_LEGACY         Walk legacy services (indicated by a non-NULL
 *                              propery group).
 *
 *      SCF_WALK_SERVICE        If the user specifies a service, pass the
 *                              service to the callback without iterating over
 *                              its instances.
 *
 *      SCF_WALK_PROPERTY       Allow FMRIs which match property groups or
 *                              individual properties.  Incompatible with
 *                              SCF_WALK_LEGACY.
 *
 *      SCF_WALK_NOINSTANCE     Walk only services.  Must be used in
 *                              conjunction with SCF_WALK_SERVICE.
 *
 *      SCF_WALK_EXPLICIT       Walk only services if the match is exact
 *                              else return instances. Must be used in
 *                              conjunction with SCF_WALK_SERVICE.
 *
 *      SCF_WALK_UNIPARTIAL     Can be combined with SCF_WALK_MULTIPLE
 *                              so that an error is returned if a partial
 *                              fmri matches multiple instances, unless
 *                              a wildcard match is also used.
 *
 * If no arguments are given, then all instances in the service graph are
 * walked.
 *
 * The second to last parameter is set to UU_EXIT_FATAL if one of the arguments
 * is an invalid FMRI or matches multiple FMRIs when SCF_WALK_MULTIPLE is not
 * set.
 *
 * The last parameter is a user-supplied error function that is called when
 * reporting invalid arguments.
 */

#define SCF_WALK_MULTIPLE       0x01
#define SCF_WALK_LEGACY         0x02
#define SCF_WALK_SERVICE        0x04
#define SCF_WALK_PROPERTY       0x08
#define SCF_WALK_NOINSTANCE     0x10
#define SCF_WALK_EXPLICIT       0x20
#define SCF_WALK_UNIPARTIAL     0x40

/*
 * The default locations of the repository dbs
 */
#define REPOSITORY_DB           "/etc/svc/repository.db"
#define NONPERSIST_DB           "/etc/svc/volatile/svc_nonpersist.db"
#define FAST_REPOSITORY_DB      "/etc/svc/volatile/fast_repository.db"
#define REPOSITORY_CHECKPOINT   "/etc/svc/volatile/checkpoint_repository.db"


typedef struct scf_walkinfo {
        const char              *fmri;
        scf_scope_t             *scope;
        scf_service_t           *svc;
        scf_instance_t          *inst;
        scf_propertygroup_t     *pg;
        scf_property_t          *prop;
        int                     count;  /* svcprop special */
} scf_walkinfo_t;

typedef int (*scf_walk_callback)(void *, scf_walkinfo_t *);

scf_error_t scf_walk_fmri(scf_handle_t *, int, char **, int,
    scf_walk_callback, void *, int *, void (*)(const char *, ...));

/*
 * Requests a backup of the repository with a particular name, which
 * can be any alphabetic string.  Only privileged users can do this.
 *
 * Can fail with:
 *      _NOT_BOUND, _CONNECTION_BROKEN, _PERMISSION_DENIED, _INVALID_ARGUMENT,
 *      _INTERNAL (path too long, or the backup failed for an odd reason),
 *      _BACKEND_READONLY (filesystem is still read-only)
 */
int _scf_request_backup(scf_handle_t *, const char *);

/*
 * Repository switch client
 */
int _scf_repository_switch(scf_handle_t *, int);

/*
 * Determines whether a property group requires authorization to read; this
 * does not in any way reflect whether the caller has that authorization.
 * To determine that, the caller must attempt to read the value of one of the
 * group's properties.
 *
 * Can fail with:
 *      _NOT_BOUND, _CONNECTION_BROKEN, _INVALID_ARGUMENT, _INTERNAL,
 *      _NO_RESOURCES, _CONSTRAINT_VIOLATED, _DELETED.
 */
int _scf_pg_is_read_protected(const scf_propertygroup_t *, boolean_t *);

/*
 * Sets annotation data for SMF audit logging.  Once this function has been
 * set, the next audit record will be preceded by an ADT_smf_annotation
 * with the information provided in this function.  This function is used
 * to mark operations which comprise multiple primitive operations such as
 * svccfg import.
 */
int _scf_set_annotation(scf_handle_t *h, const char *operation,
    const char *file);

/*
 * scf_pattern_t
 */
typedef struct scf_pattern {
        enum    {
                PATTERN_INVALID,        /* Uninitialized state */
                PATTERN_EXACT,
                PATTERN_GLOB,
                PATTERN_PARTIAL
        } sp_type;
        char                    *sp_arg;        /* Original argument */
        struct scf_match        *sp_matches;    /* List of matches */
        int                     sp_matchcount;  /* # of matches */
} scf_pattern_t;

int scf_cmp_pattern(char *, scf_pattern_t *);

int gen_filenms_from_fmri(const char *, const char *, char *, char *);

/*
 * Interfaces for bulk access to SMF-stored configuration.
 *
 * Each scf_propvec_t represents a single property to be read (with
 * scf_read_propvec) or written (with scf_write_propvec).
 *
 * The fields of a scf_propvec_t have the following meanings:
 *
 *   pv_prop - the name of the property
 *   pv_desc - a description string (optional; to be consumed by the caller)
 *   pv_type - the type of the property
 *   pv_ptr  - where to store the data read, or a pointer to the data to
 *             be written
 *   pv_aux  - additional data influencing the interpretation of pv_ptr
 *
 * The meaning of pv_ptr and pv_aux depends on the type of property.  For:
 *
 *   boolean - if pv_aux is 0, pv_ptr is a pointer to a boolean_t
 *             if pv_aux is non-0, pv_ptr is a pointer to a uint64_t,
 *             where pv_aux indicates the bit holding the truth value.
 *   count   - pv_ptr is a pointer to a uint64_t; pv_aux is unused
 *   integer - pv_ptr is a pointer to an int64_t; pv_aux is unused
 *   time    - pv_ptr is a pointer to an scf_time_t; pv_aux is unused
 *   opaque  - pv_ptr is a pointer to an scf_opaque_t; pv_aux is unused
 *   strings - (scf_read_propvec) pv_ptr is a pointer to a char *
 *             (scf_write_propvec) pv_ptr is a pointer to an array of char
 *             (both) pv_aux is unused
 */
typedef struct {
        void    *so_addr;
        size_t  so_size;
} scf_opaque_t;

typedef struct {
        const char      *pv_prop;
        const char      *pv_desc;
        scf_type_t      pv_type;
        void            *pv_ptr;
        uint64_t        pv_aux;
} scf_propvec_t;

void scf_clean_propvec(scf_propvec_t *);
int scf_read_propvec(const char *, const char *, boolean_t, scf_propvec_t *,
    scf_propvec_t **);
int scf_write_propvec(const char *, const char *, scf_propvec_t *,
    scf_propvec_t **);

scf_tmpl_errors_t *_scf_create_errors(const char *, int);
int _scf_tmpl_add_error(scf_tmpl_errors_t *errs, scf_tmpl_error_type_t type,
    const char *pg_name, const char *prop_name,
    const char *ev1, const char *ev2, const char *actual,
    const char *tmpl_fmri, const char *tmpl_pg_name, const char *tmpl_pg_type,
    const char *tmpl_prop_name, const char *tmpl_prop_type);
int _scf_tmpl_error_set_prefix(scf_tmpl_errors_t *, const char *);

/*
 * Templates definitions
 */

/*
 * For CARDINALITY_VIOLATION and RANGE_VIOLATION, te_ev1 holds
 * the min value and te_ev2 holds the max value
 *
 * For MISSING_PG te_ev1 should hold the expected pg_name and
 * expected2 holds the expected pg_type.
 *
 * For SCF_TERR_PG_PATTERN_CONFLICT and SCF_TERR_GENERAL_REDEFINE te_ev1 is
 * the FMRI holding the conflicting pg_pattern.  te_ev2 is the name of the
 * conflicting pg_pattern, and actual is the type of the conflicting
 * pg_pattern.
 *
 * SCF_TERR_PROP_PATTERN_CONFLICT te_ev1 is the FMRI holding the
 * conflicting prop_pattern.  te_ev2 is the name of the conflicting
 * prop_pattern, and actual is the type of the conflicting prop_pattern.
 *
 * For SCF_TERR_INCLUDE_VALUES te_ev1 is the type specified for the
 * include_values element.
 *
 * For all other errors, te_ev1 should hold the expected value and
 * te_ev2 is ignored
 *
 * te_actual holds the current value of the property
 */

struct scf_tmpl_error {
        scf_tmpl_errors_t               *te_errs;
        scf_tmpl_error_type_t           te_type;
        const char                      *te_pg_name;
        const char                      *te_prop_name;
        const char                      *te_ev1;
        const char                      *te_ev2;
        const char                      *te_actual;
        const char                      *te_tmpl_fmri;
        const char                      *te_tmpl_pg_name;
        const char                      *te_tmpl_pg_type;
        const char                      *te_tmpl_prop_name;
        const char                      *te_tmpl_prop_type;
};

/*
 * The pg_pattern element has two optional attributes that play a part in
 * selecting the appropriate prefix for the name of the pg_pattern property
 * group. The two attributes are name and type.  The appropriate prefix
 * encodes the presence are absence of these attributes.
 *
 *      SCF_PG_TM_PG_PATTERN_PREFIX     neither attribute
 *      SCF_PG_TM_PG_PATTERN_N_PREFIX   name only
 *      SCF_PG_TM_PG_PATTERN_T_PREFIX   type only
 *      SCF_PG_TM_PG_PATTERN_NT_PREFIX  both name and type
 */
#define SCF_PG_TM_PG_PAT_BASE           "tm_pgpat"
#define SCF_PG_TM_PG_PATTERN_PREFIX     ((const char *)SCF_PG_TM_PG_PAT_BASE \
        "_")
#define SCF_PG_TM_PG_PATTERN_N_PREFIX   ((const char *)SCF_PG_TM_PG_PAT_BASE \
        "n_")
#define SCF_PG_TM_PG_PATTERN_T_PREFIX   ((const char *)SCF_PG_TM_PG_PAT_BASE \
        "t_")
#define SCF_PG_TM_PG_PATTERN_NT_PREFIX  ((const char *)SCF_PG_TM_PG_PAT_BASE \
        "nt_")
#define SCF_PG_TM_PROP_PATTERN_PREFIX   ((const char *)"tm_proppat_")

/*
 * Pad character to use when encoding strings for property names.
 */
#define SCF_ENCODE32_PAD                ('-')

/*
 * Functions for base 32 encoding/decoding
 */
int scf_decode32(const char *, size_t, char *, size_t, size_t *, char);
int scf_encode32(const char *, size_t, char *, size_t, size_t *, char);

/*
 * handy functions
 */
/*
 * _scf_sanitize_locale
 * Make sure a locale string has only alpha-numeric or '_' characters
 */
void _scf_sanitize_locale(char *);

/*
 * _scf_read_tmpl_prop_type_as_string()
 * Handy function to get template property type as a string
 */
char *_scf_read_tmpl_prop_type_as_string(const scf_prop_tmpl_t *);
/*
 * _scf_read_single_astring_from_pg()
 * Given a property group (pg) and a property name (pn), this function
 * retrives an astring value from pg/pn.
 */
char *_scf_read_single_astring_from_pg(scf_propertygroup_t *, const char *);

/*
 * scf_instance_delete_prop()
 * Given instance, property group, and property, delete the property.
 */
int
scf_instance_delete_prop(scf_instance_t *, const char *, const char *);

/*
 * Functions to extract boot config information from FMRI_BOOT_CONFIG
 */
void scf_get_boot_config(uint8_t *);
void scf_get_boot_config_ovr(uint8_t *);
int scf_is_fastboot_default(void);

/*
 * Set value of "config_ovr/fastreboot_default".
 */
int scf_fastreboot_default_set_transient(boolean_t);

/*
 * scf_is_compatible_type()
 * Return true if the second type is the same type, or a subtype of the
 * first.
 */
int scf_is_compatible_type(scf_type_t, scf_type_t);

/*
 * Check an array of services and enable any that don't have the
 * "application/auto_enable" property set to "false", which is
 * the interface to turn off this behaviour (see PSARC 2004/739).
 */
void _check_services(char **);

/*
 * _scf_handle_create_and_bind()
 * convenience function that creates and binds a handle
 */
scf_handle_t *_scf_handle_create_and_bind(scf_version_t);

/*
 * _smf_refresh_all_instances()
 * refresh all intances of a service
 * return SCF_SUCCESS or SCF_FAILED on _PERMISSION_DENIED, _BACKEND_ACCESS
 * or _BACKEND_READONLY.
 */
int _smf_refresh_all_instances(scf_service_t *);

/*
 * _scf_get_fma_notify_params()
 * Specialized fuction to get fma notifitation parameters
 */
int _scf_get_fma_notify_params(const char *, nvlist_t *, int);

/*
 * _scf_get_svc_notify_params()
 * Specialized function to get SMF state transition notification parameters
 */
int _scf_get_svc_notify_params(const char *, nvlist_t *, int32_t, int, int);

/*
 * _scf_notify_get_params()
 * Specialized function to get notification parametes from a pg into an
 * nvlist_t
 */
int _scf_notify_get_params(scf_propertygroup_t *, nvlist_t *);

#if !defined(NATIVE_BUILD)
int scf_default_secflags(scf_handle_t *, scf_secflags_t *);
#endif

#define SCF_NOTIFY_PARAMS_SOURCE_NAME   ((const char *)"preference_source")

#ifdef  __cplusplus
}
#endif

#endif  /* _LIBSCF_PRIV_H */