chap3.php

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  19           <br />
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  21           <br />
  22
  23           <h2>Chapter 3</h2>
  24
  25           <h1>The Workspace</h1><br />
  26           <br />
  27           <br />
  28           <a name="3.1"></a>
  29
  30           <h2><a name="3.1">3.1 Working with Menus</a></h2><a name="3.1"></a> Menus provide a list of commands that you can
  31           execute.<br />
  32           <br />
  33
  34           <center>
  35             <img src="guide/images/menu.gif" border="0" width="480" height="300" alt="[An Example Menu]" />
  36           </center><br />
  37           <br />
  38           To execute a command listed in a menu, click in the corresponding item. The item will blink telling that the command is
  39           going to be executed.<br />
  40           <br />
  41           Grayed commands are disabled and cannot be executed at that moment. If you click on them nothing will happen.<br />
  42           <br />
  43           Some menu entries have a little triangular indicator at the right. Selecting these entries will open a submenu, with a
  44           new list of commands.<br />
  45           <br />
  46           You can use the keyboard to traverse and execute commands in some of the menus. First you must hit the key used to open
  47           the menu --- like F12 for the root menu --- to enable keyboard traversal of it. Then you can use the Up and Down arrow
  48           keys to change the current selected item and the Left and Right arrow keys to jump between submenus and parent menus.
  49           To execute the current selected item press Return. To close the menu or stop menu traversal, press Escape.
  50           Additionally, pressing the first letter for an menu item, will jump the current selection to that item.<br />
  51           <br />
  52           You can make frequently used menus ``stick'' to the workspace by dragging the titlebar of the menu. This will make a
  53           close button appear in the menu titlebar. If you want to close the menu, just click in that button.<br />
  54           <br />
  55           Menus are normally placed on top of other windows and cannot be obscured by them. If you want the menus to be able to
  56           be obscured by lowering them, double click the menu titlebar while holding the Meta key. Repeat this to make the menus
  57           not obscurable again.<br />
  58           <br />
  59           <br />
  60           <a name="3.1.1"></a>
  61
  62           <h3><a name="3.1.1">3.1.1 The Root Window Menu</a></h3><a name="3.1.1"></a> The <i>Root Window Menu</i> or
  63           <i>Applications Menu</i> has items that allow you to quickly launch applications and do some workspace
  64           management.<br />
  65           <br />
  66           To open this menu, click on the workspace (root window) with the 3rd mouse button or hit the key bound to it (F12 by
  67           default).<br />
  68           <br />
  69           The contents of the applications menu can be configured to hold the applications installed on your system. To learn how
  70           to configure it, read the section on application menu configuration.<br />
  71           <br />
  72           <br />
  73           <a name="3.1.2"></a>
  74
  75           <h3><a name="3.1.2">3.1.2 The Window List Menu</a></h3><a name="3.1.2"></a> Clicking in the workspace with the middle
  76           mouse button will open a menu listing all windows that currently exist, with the workspace in which the window is
  77           located to its right. The current focused window is marked by a diamond sign next to its name. Clicking in an entry in
  78           this menu will focus the window, raise it, and change to the workspace where it is located.<br />
  79           <br />
  80           <br />
  81           <br />
  82           <a name="3.2"></a>
  83
  84           <h2><a name="3.2">3.2 Working with Applications</a></h2><a name="3.2"></a> In WindowMaker the instance of a running
  85           application is represented by an application icon. Do not confuse it with the icons (miniwindows in WindowMaker)
  86           displayed by other window managers when a window is iconified. Application icons and miniwindows can be differentiated
  87           in that miniwindows have titlebars, application icons do not.<br />
  88           <br />
  89           WindowMaker identifies a group of windows as belonging to a single instance of an application through some standard
  90           hints that the application sets in its windows. Unfortunately, not all applications that exist set these hints,
  91           preventing some application-specific features from working. These hints are <b>WM.CLASS</b>,<b>WM.COMMAND</b>, and
  92           <b>WM.CLIENT.LEADER</b> or the group leader in <b>WM.HINTS</b>.<br />
  93           <br />
  94           <br />
  95           <font size="-1">Note: The information about applications contained in this section only applies to versions of
  96           WindowMaker built without the --enable-single-icon compile time option. This option is unsupported and behaviour when
  97           it's enabled will not be covered in this text.</font><br />
  98           <br />
  99           <br />
 100           <a name="3.2.1"></a>
 101
 102           <h3><a name="3.2.1">3.2.1 Hiding an Application</a></h3><a name="3.2.1"></a> If you want to close and application but
 103           intend to use it later you can <i>hide</i> it. When you hide an application all windows and miniwindows that belong to
 104           that application will be removed from the screen and hidden into its application icon.<br />
 105           <br />
 106           <br />
 107           <font face="Helvetica"><b>To hide an application</b></font>
 108
 109           <ul type="disk">
 110             <li><font face="Helvetica">Click the miniaturize button of any of the windows that belong to the application while
 111             holding the Control key.<br />
 112             <br />
 113             OR<br />
 114             <br /></font></li>
 115
 116             <li><font face="Helvetica">Press the keyboard shortcut assigned to it, which is Meta+h in the default
 117             configuration.<br />
 118             <br />
 119             OR<br />
 120             <br /></font></li>
 121
 122             <li><font face="Helvetica">User the hide command in the <a href=
 123             "chap2.php#2.2.9">window commands menu</a> brought up when the
 124             window titlebar is clicked with the right mouse button.<br />
 125             <br />
 126             OR<br />
 127             <br /></font></li>
 128
 129             <li><font face="Helvetica">Use the (Un)Hide command in the application icon commands menu brought up when the
 130             application icon is clicked with the right mouse button.</font></li>
 131           </ul><br />
 132           <br />
 133           <br />
 134           <font face="Helvetica"><b>To unhide an application</b></font>
 135
 136           <ul type="disk">
 137             <li><font face="Helvetica">Double click the application icon with the left mouse button.<br />
 138             <br />
 139             OR<br />
 140             <br /></font></li>
 141
 142             <li><font face="Helvetica">Use the (Un)Hide command in the application icon commands menu brought up when the
 143             application icon is clicked with the right mouse button.</font></li>
 144           </ul><br />
 145           <br />
 146           When you unhide an application, all it's windows and miniwindows will brought back, and you will be taken to the last
 147           workspace in which you worked with that application.<br />
 148           <br />
 149           <br />
 150
 151           <h3><b>Extra Bindings</b></h3>
 152
 153           <center>
 154             <table border="0" width="80%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
 155               <tbody>
 156                 <tr>
 157                   <th align="left"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Action</font></th>
 158
 159                   <th align="left"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Effect</font></th>
 160                 </tr>
 161
 162                 <tr>
 163                   <td colspan="2">
 164                     <hr />
 165                   </td>
 166                 </tr>
 167
 168                 <tr>
 169                   <td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Double-click the application
 170                   icon while holding the Meta key</font></td>
 171
 172                   <td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Unhide the clicked application,
 173                   and hide all other applications that are present in the current workspace.</font></td>
 174                 </tr>
 175
 176                 <tr>
 177                   <td colspan="2">
 178                     <hr />
 179                   </td>
 180                 </tr>
 181
 182                 <tr>
 183                   <td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Double-click the application
 184                   icon while holding the Shift key</font></td>
 185
 186                   <td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Unhide the clicked application
 187                   in the current workspace</font></td>
 188                 </tr>
 189
 190                 <tr>
 191                   <td colspan="2">
 192                     <hr />
 193                   </td>
 194                 </tr>
 195
 196                 <tr>
 197                   <td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Double-click the application
 198                   icon with the middle mouse button</font></td>
 199
 200                   <td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Unhide the clicked application
 201                   and deminiaturize all its windows.</font></td>
 202                 </tr>
 203
 204                 <tr>
 205                   <td colspan="2">
 206                     <hr />
 207                   </td>
 208                 </tr>
 209
 210                 <tr>
 211                   <td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Double-click the window titlebar
 212                   with the right mouse button while holding the Meta key.</font></td>
 213
 214                   <td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Hide all applications in the
 215                   current workspace except for the clicked one</font></td>
 216                 </tr>
 217
 218                 <tr>
 219                   <td colspan="2">
 220                     <hr />
 221                   </td>
 222                 </tr>
 223               </tbody>
 224             </table>
 225           </center><br />
 226           <br />
 227           There are two other commands in the applications menu related to application hiding:<br />
 228           <br />
 229
 230           <center>
 231             <table border="0" width="90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5">
 232               <tbody>
 233                 <tr>
 234                   <th align="right" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Hide others</font></th>
 235
 236                   <td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Hide all applications in the
 237                   current workspace, except for the currently active one.</font></td>
 238                 </tr>
 239
 240                 <tr>
 241                   <th align="right" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Show All</font></th>
 242
 243                   <td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Unhide all applications that
 244                   were hidden from the current workspace</font></td>
 245                 </tr>
 246               </tbody>
 247             </table>
 248           </center><br />
 249           <br />
 250           <br />
 251           <br />
 252           <a name="3.2.2"></a>
 253
 254           <h3><a name="3.2.2">3.2.2 The Application Icon Menu</a></h3><a name="3.2.2"></a> A menu with commands that will apply
 255           to the application can be brought up by clicking the application icon with the right mouse button.<br />
 256           <br />
 257           The commands available in this menu are:<br />
 258           <br />
 259
 260           <center>
 261             <table border="0" width="90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5">
 262               <tbody>
 263                 <tr>
 264                   <th align="right" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Unhide Here</font></th>
 265
 266                   <td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Unhides the application in the
 267                   current workspace.</font></td>
 268                 </tr>
 269
 270                 <tr>
 271                   <th align="right" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">(Un)Hide</font></th>
 272
 273                   <td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Hides the application. Unless
 274                   the application is already hidden, in which case it will unhide the application and take you to its
 275                   workspace.</font></td>
 276                 </tr>
 277
 278                 <tr>
 279                   <th align="right" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Set Icon...</font></th>
 280
 281                   <td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Opens the icon image selection
 282                   panel for the application icon.</font></td>
 283                 </tr>
 284
 285                 <tr>
 286                   <th align="right" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Kill</font></th>
 287
 288                   <td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Will kill the
 289                   application.</font></td>
 290                 </tr>
 291               </tbody>
 292             </table>
 293           </center><a name="3.2.3"></a>
 294
 295           <h3><a name="3.2.3">3.2.3 The Application Dock</a></h3><a name="3.2.3"></a> The application dock is a place where you
 296           can store frequently used applications for easy and fast access. It is located, by default, on the right side of the
 297           screen.<br />
 298           <br />
 299           You can click the top icon (the one with the GNUstep logo) and drag it downward to remove most of the dock from view.
 300           You can also drag it sideways to move the entire dock from side of the screen to the other.<br />
 301           <br />
 302           A menu similar to the <a href="chap3.php#3.2.2">application icon
 303           menu</a> is brought up when you click a docked icon with the right mouse button.<br />
 304           <br />
 305           To make the dock <i>float</i> over windows (not be coverable by windows), either double-click the top dock icon while
 306           holding the Meta key, or select the "Floating Dock" option in the dock menu.<br />
 307           <br />
 308           <br />
 309           <b>Starting a docked application</b><br />
 310           <br />
 311           To start an application that is docked, double-click its icon. The icon will be briefly highlighted and the application
 312           will start.<br />
 313           <br />
 314           While an application is not running an ellipsis is present in the lower left-hand corner of the icon. This ellipsis
 315           will disappear when the application is started and reappear when the application is exited.<br />
 316           <br />
 317           While the application is running the docked icon will behave just like a normal, undocked application icon, except for
 318           some extra actions specific to the dock.<br />
 319           <br />
 320           <br />
 321           <font face="Helvetica"><b>To start a docked application:</b></font>
 322
 323           <ul type="disk">
 324             <li><font face="Helvetica">Double-click the application icon with the left mouse button.<br />
 325             <br />
 326             OR<br />
 327             <br /></font></li>
 328
 329             <li><font face="Helvetica">Use the "Launch" command in the dock menu for the icon. If the application is already
 330             running it will start another instance.<br />
 331             <br />
 332             OR<br />
 333             <br /></font></li>
 334
 335             <li><font face="Helvetica">Hold the Control key while double-clicking the icon to start another instance of the
 336             application.</font></li>
 337           </ul><br />
 338           <br />
 339           If a new instance of an already running application is started it will get a new application icon.<br />
 340           <br />
 341           <br />
 342           <b>Customizing the dock</b><br />
 343           <br />
 344           To add new applications to the dock, you can click an application icon and drag it onto the dock. When a ghost image of
 345           the icon appears you can release the mouse button and the icon will be docked.<br />
 346           <br />
 347           To reorder the docked applications, drag an icon to an empty slot and move the icons around as you want.<br />
 348           <br />
 349           To remove a docked application, drag it from the dock and release the mouse button when the ghost image disappears. To
 350           remove the icon of an application that is running, hold the Meta key while dragging it.<br />
 351           <br />
 352           <br />
 353           <b>Configuring the docked application</b><br />
 354           <br />
 355           To change the settings of a docked application, select the "Settings..." item in the dock menu for that icon. A
 356           settings panel for that icon will appear.<br />
 357           <br />
 358
 359           <center>
 360             <img src="guide/imagdockapppanel.gif" border="0" width="297" height="369" alt="[Docked Application Settings Panel]" />
 361           </center><br />
 362           <br />
 363           In the <i>Application path and arguments</i> field, the path for the application and its arguments can be changed. Note
 364           that you can't change the application that is represented in the icon or change anything that would cause the
 365           application name to be changed. For example, if the icon is for <b>xterm</b> you can't change the field's value to
 366           <b>ghostview</b>; or if the icon is for <b>xterm -name vi</b>, you can't change it to <b>xterm -name pine</b>. Also
 367           note that you cannot use shell commands, such as out put redirectors. (&gt;, &gt;&gt; etc.)<br />
 368           <br />
 369           <br />
 370           <a name="3.3"></a>
 371
 372           <h2><a name="3.3">3.3 Working with Workspaces</a></h2><a name="3.3"></a><br />
 373           <a name="3.3.1"></a>
 374
 375           <h3><a name="3.3.1">3.3.1 The Workspaces Menu</a></h3><a name="3.3.1"></a> The <i>Workspaces Menu</i> allows you to
 376           create, switch, destroy and rename workspaces.<br />
 377           <br />
 378           It has the following items:<br />
 379           <br />
 380
 381           <center>
 382             <table border="0" width="90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5">
 383               <tbody>
 384                 <tr>
 385                   <th align="right" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">[New]</font></th>
 386
 387                   <td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Creates a new workspace and
 388                   automatically switches to it</font></td>
 389                 </tr>
 390
 391                 <tr>
 392                   <th align="right" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">[Destroy Last]</font></th>
 393
 394                   <td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Destroys the last workspace
 395                   unless it is occupied</font></td>
 396                 </tr>
 397
 398                 <tr>
 399                   <th align="right" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">[Workspaces]</font></th>
 400
 401                   <td align="left" valign="top"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Times Roman">Each workspace has a
 402                   corresponding item in the Workspaces menu. Clicking in one of these entries will switch from the current
 403                   workspace to the selected workspace.</font></td>
 404                 </tr>
 405               </tbody>
 406             </table>
 407           </center>The current active workspace is indicated by a small indicator at the left of the workspace item.<br />
 408           <br />
 409
 410           <center>
 411             <img src="guide/images/wsmenu.gif" border="0" width="350" height="200" alt="[Workspace Menu]" />
 412           </center><br />
 413           <br />
 414           To change the name of a workspace you must first ``stick'' the menu. Then Control click in the item corresponding to
 415           the workspace you want to rename. The item will turn into a editable text field where you can edit the workspace name.
 416           To finish editing the workspace name, press Return; to cancel it, press Escape.<br />
 417           <br />
 418           There is a limit of 16 characters on the length of the workspace name.<br />
 419           <br />
 420           <br />
 421           An example Workspace menu being edited:
 422
 423           <center>
 424             <img src="guide/images/wsmenued.gif" border="0" width="101" height="103" alt=
 425             "[Workspace Menu: Editing a Workspace name]" />
 426           </center><br />
 427           <br />
 428           <a name="3.3.2"></a>
 429
 430           <h3><a name="3.3.2">3.3.2 The workspace clip</a></h3><a name="3.3.2"></a> [This section was unavailable in the
 431           original, and thus is not here]<br />
 432           <br />
 433           <br />
 434           <br />
 435           <br />
 436           <br />
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