epan/dissectors/pidl/samr/samr.cnf cnf_dissect_lsa_BinaryString => lsarpc_dissect_str...
[wireshark-sm.git] / epan / dissectors / packet-udt.c
blobdfab0a77667470c4e9a8ac1f5f1e7d34a456e51a
1 /* packet-udt.c
3 * Routines for UDT packet dissection
4 * http://udt.sourceforge.net
5 * draft-gg-udt
7 * Copyright 2013 (c) chas williams <chas@cmf.nrl.navy.mil>
9 * Wireshark - Network traffic analyzer
10 * By Gerald Combs <gerald@wireshark.org>
11 * Copyright 1998 Gerald Combs
13 * Copied from packet-tftp.c
15 * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
18 #include "config.h"
20 #include <epan/packet.h>
21 #include <epan/conversation.h>
22 #include <epan/expert.h>
23 #include <epan/wmem_scopes.h>
26 * Per-conversation information
28 typedef struct _udt_conversation {
29 bool is_dtls;
30 uint32_t isn;
31 } udt_conversation;
34 * based on https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-gg-udt-03
37 #define UDT_TYPE_DATA 0
38 #define UDT_TYPE_CONTROL 1
40 #define UDT_PACKET_TYPE_HANDSHAKE 0x0000
41 #define UDT_PACKET_TYPE_KEEPALIVE 0x0001
42 #define UDT_PACKET_TYPE_ACK 0x0002
43 #define UDT_PACKET_TYPE_NAK 0x0003
44 #define UDT_PACKET_TYPE_SHUTDOWN 0x0005
45 #define UDT_PACKET_TYPE_ACK2 0x0006
47 #define UDT_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_STREAM 1
48 #define UDT_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_DGRAM 2
50 #define UDT_CONTROL_OFFSET 16 /* Offset of control information field */
51 #define UDT_MAX_NAK_ENTRIES 8 /* max number of NAK entries displayed in summary */
52 #define UDT_MAX_NAK_LENGTH (UDT_CONTROL_OFFSET + UDT_MAX_NAK_ENTRIES*4)
54 void proto_register_udt(void);
55 void proto_reg_handoff_udt(void);
57 static const value_string udt_packet_types[] = {
58 {UDT_PACKET_TYPE_HANDSHAKE, "handshake"},
59 {UDT_PACKET_TYPE_KEEPALIVE, "keepalive"},
60 {UDT_PACKET_TYPE_ACK, "ack"},
61 {UDT_PACKET_TYPE_NAK, "nak"},
62 {UDT_PACKET_TYPE_SHUTDOWN, "shutdown"},
63 {UDT_PACKET_TYPE_ACK2, "ack2"},
64 {0, NULL},
67 static const value_string udt_handshake_types[] = {
68 {UDT_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_STREAM, "STREAM"},
69 {UDT_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_DGRAM, "DGRAM"},
70 {0, NULL},
73 static const value_string udt_types[] = {
74 {UDT_TYPE_DATA, "DATA"},
75 {UDT_TYPE_CONTROL, "CONTROL"},
76 {0, NULL},
79 static int proto_udt;
80 static int hf_udt_iscontrol;
81 static int hf_udt_type;
82 static int hf_udt_seqno;
83 static int hf_udt_ack_seqno;
84 static int hf_udt_ackno;
85 static int hf_udt_msgno;
86 static int hf_udt_msgno_first;
87 static int hf_udt_msgno_last;
88 static int hf_udt_msgno_inorder;
89 static int hf_udt_timestamp;
90 static int hf_udt_id;
91 static int hf_udt_addinfo;
92 static int hf_udt_rtt;
93 static int hf_udt_rttvar;
94 static int hf_udt_bufavail;
95 static int hf_udt_rate;
96 static int hf_udt_linkcap;
97 static int hf_udt_handshake_version;
98 static int hf_udt_handshake_type;
99 static int hf_udt_handshake_isn;
100 static int hf_udt_handshake_mtu;
101 static int hf_udt_handshake_flow_window;
102 static int hf_udt_handshake_reqtype;
103 static int hf_udt_handshake_id;
104 static int hf_udt_handshake_cookie;
105 static int hf_udt_handshake_peerip;
107 static int ett_udt;
109 static expert_field ei_udt_nak_seqno;
111 static dissector_handle_t udt_handle;
113 static heur_dissector_list_t heur_subdissector_list;
115 static int get_sqn(udt_conversation *udt_conv, uint32_t sqn)
117 if (udt_conv)
118 sqn -= udt_conv->isn;
120 return (sqn);
123 static int
124 dissect_udt(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info* pinfo, proto_tree *parent_tree,
125 void *data _U_)
127 proto_tree *tree;
128 proto_item *udt_item;
129 int is_control, type;
130 unsigned i;
131 conversation_t *conv;
132 udt_conversation *udt_conv;
133 heur_dtbl_entry_t *hdtbl_entry;
135 conv = find_or_create_conversation(pinfo);
136 udt_conv = (udt_conversation *)conversation_get_proto_data(conv, proto_udt);
138 col_set_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_PROTOCOL, "UDT");
139 col_clear(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO);
141 is_control = tvb_get_ntohl(tvb, 0) & 0x80000000;
142 type = (tvb_get_ntohl(tvb, 0) >> 16) & 0x7fff;
144 if (is_control) {
145 const char *typestr = val_to_str(type, udt_packet_types,
146 "Unknown Control Type (%x)");
147 switch (type) {
148 case UDT_PACKET_TYPE_ACK:
149 col_add_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, "UDT type: ack seqno: %u",
150 get_sqn(udt_conv, tvb_get_ntohl(tvb, 16)));
151 break;
152 case UDT_PACKET_TYPE_ACK2:
153 col_set_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, "UDT type: ack2");
154 break;
155 case UDT_PACKET_TYPE_NAK: {
156 wmem_strbuf_t *nakstr = wmem_strbuf_new(pinfo->pool, "");
157 unsigned max = tvb_reported_length(tvb);
158 if (max > UDT_MAX_NAK_LENGTH)
159 max = UDT_MAX_NAK_LENGTH;
161 for (i = UDT_CONTROL_OFFSET; i <= (max-4) ; i = i + 4) {
162 uint32_t start, finish;
163 int is_range;
165 is_range = tvb_get_ntohl(tvb, i) & 0x80000000;
166 start = get_sqn(udt_conv, tvb_get_ntohl(tvb, i) & 0x7fffffff);
168 if (is_range) {
169 if (i > (max-8)) {
170 // Message is truncated
171 break;
173 finish = get_sqn(udt_conv, tvb_get_ntohl(tvb, i + 4) & 0x7fffffff);
174 wmem_strbuf_append_printf(nakstr, "%s%u-%u",
175 i == UDT_CONTROL_OFFSET? "":",",
176 start, finish);
177 i = i + 4;
178 } else {
179 wmem_strbuf_append_printf(nakstr, "%s%u",
180 i == UDT_CONTROL_OFFSET? "":",",
181 start);
185 // Add ellipsis if the list was too long
186 if (max != tvb_reported_length(tvb))
187 wmem_strbuf_append(nakstr, "...");
189 col_add_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, "UDT type: %s missing:%s",
190 typestr, wmem_strbuf_get_str(nakstr));
191 break;
193 default:
194 col_add_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, "UDT type: %s", typestr);
195 break;
197 } else {
198 col_add_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO,
199 "UDT type: data seqno: %u msgno: %u",
200 get_sqn(udt_conv, tvb_get_ntohl(tvb, 0) & 0x7fffffff),
201 tvb_get_ntohl(tvb, 4) & 0x1fffffff);
204 udt_item = proto_tree_add_item(parent_tree, proto_udt, tvb,
205 0, -1, ENC_NA);
206 tree = proto_item_add_subtree(udt_item, ett_udt);
208 proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_udt_iscontrol, tvb, 0, 4, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
209 if (is_control) {
210 if (tree) {
211 proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_udt_type, tvb, 0, 4,
212 ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
213 switch (type) {
214 case UDT_PACKET_TYPE_ACK:
215 proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_udt_ackno, tvb, 4, 4,
216 ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
217 break;
218 case UDT_PACKET_TYPE_ACK2:
219 proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_udt_ackno, tvb, 4, 4,
220 ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
221 break;
222 default:
223 proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_udt_addinfo, tvb, 4, 4,
224 ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
226 proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_udt_timestamp, tvb, 8, 4,
227 ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
228 proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_udt_id, tvb, 12, 4,
229 ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
232 switch (type) {
233 case UDT_PACKET_TYPE_HANDSHAKE:
234 if (tree) {
235 proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_udt_handshake_version, tvb,
236 16, 4, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
237 proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_udt_handshake_type, tvb,
238 20, 4, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
239 proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_udt_handshake_isn, tvb,
240 24, 4, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
241 proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_udt_handshake_mtu, tvb,
242 28, 4, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
243 proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_udt_handshake_flow_window, tvb,
244 32, 4, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
245 proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_udt_handshake_reqtype, tvb,
246 36, 4, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
247 proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_udt_handshake_id, tvb,
248 40, 4, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
249 proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_udt_handshake_cookie, tvb,
250 44, 4, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
251 proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_udt_handshake_peerip, tvb,
252 48, 16, ENC_NA);
253 proto_item_set_len(udt_item, 64);
255 break;
256 case UDT_PACKET_TYPE_ACK:
257 if (tree) {
258 int len = tvb_reported_length(tvb);
259 uint32_t real_sqn = tvb_get_ntohl(tvb, 16);
260 uint32_t sqn = get_sqn(udt_conv, real_sqn);
261 if (sqn != real_sqn)
262 proto_tree_add_uint_format_value(tree, hf_udt_ack_seqno, tvb, 16, 4, real_sqn,
263 "%d (relative) [%d]", sqn, real_sqn);
264 else
265 proto_tree_add_uint(tree, hf_udt_ack_seqno, tvb, 16, 4, real_sqn);
267 /* if not a light ack, decode the extended fields */
268 if (len < 32) {
269 proto_item_set_len(udt_item, 20);
270 } else {
271 proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_udt_rtt, tvb, 20, 4,
272 ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
273 proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_udt_rttvar, tvb, 24, 4,
274 ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
275 proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_udt_bufavail, tvb, 28, 4,
276 ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
277 if (len >= 40) {
278 proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_udt_rate, tvb,
279 32, 4, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
280 proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_udt_linkcap, tvb,
281 36, 4, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
282 proto_item_set_len(udt_item, 40);
283 } else {
284 proto_item_set_len(udt_item, 32);
288 break;
289 case UDT_PACKET_TYPE_NAK:
290 for (i = 16; i <= (tvb_reported_length(tvb)-4); i = i + 4) {
291 uint32_t real_start, real_finish;
292 uint32_t start, finish;
293 int is_range;
295 is_range = tvb_get_ntohl(tvb, i) & 0x80000000;
296 real_start = tvb_get_ntohl(tvb, i) & 0x7fffffff;
297 start = get_sqn(udt_conv, real_start);
299 if (is_range) {
300 if (i > (tvb_reported_length(tvb)-8)) {
301 // Message is truncated - bail
302 break;
305 real_finish = tvb_get_ntohl(tvb, i + 4) & 0x7fffffff;
306 finish = get_sqn(udt_conv, real_finish);
308 if (start != real_start)
309 proto_tree_add_expert_format(tree, pinfo, &ei_udt_nak_seqno,
310 tvb, i, 8,
311 "Missing Sequence Numbers: "
312 "%u-%u (relative) [%u-%u]",
313 start, finish, real_start, real_finish);
314 else
315 proto_tree_add_expert_format(tree, pinfo, &ei_udt_nak_seqno,
316 tvb, i, 8,
317 "Missing Sequence Numbers: %u-%u",
318 real_start, real_finish);
319 i = i + 4;
320 } else {
321 if (start != real_start)
322 proto_tree_add_expert_format(tree, pinfo, &ei_udt_nak_seqno,
323 tvb, i, 4,
324 "Missing Sequence Number : %u (relative) [%u]",
325 start, real_start);
326 else
327 proto_tree_add_expert_format(tree, pinfo, &ei_udt_nak_seqno,
328 tvb, i, 4,
329 "Missing Sequence Number : %u", real_start);
333 proto_item_set_len(udt_item, tvb_reported_length(tvb));
334 break;
336 } else {
337 /* otherwise, a data packet */
338 tvbuff_t *next_tvb;
340 if (tree) {
341 uint32_t real_seqno = tvb_get_ntohl(tvb, 0);
342 uint32_t seqno = get_sqn(udt_conv, real_seqno);
343 if (seqno != real_seqno)
344 proto_tree_add_uint_format_value(tree, hf_udt_seqno, tvb, 0, 4, real_seqno,
345 "%u (relative) [%u]", seqno, real_seqno);
346 else
347 proto_tree_add_uint(tree, hf_udt_seqno, tvb, 0, 4, real_seqno);
348 proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_udt_msgno_first, tvb, 4, 4,
349 ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
350 proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_udt_msgno_last, tvb, 4, 4,
351 ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
352 proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_udt_msgno_inorder, tvb, 4, 4,
353 ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
354 proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_udt_msgno, tvb, 4, 4,
355 ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
356 proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_udt_timestamp, tvb, 8, 4,
357 ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
358 proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_udt_id, tvb, 12, 4,
359 ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
363 next_tvb = tvb_new_subset_remaining(tvb, 16);
365 // Try heuristic dissectors first...
366 if (!dissector_try_heuristic(heur_subdissector_list, next_tvb, pinfo, parent_tree, &hdtbl_entry, NULL))
367 call_data_dissector(next_tvb, pinfo, parent_tree);
370 return tvb_reported_length(tvb);
373 static bool
374 dissect_udt_heur(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, void *data, bool is_dtls)
376 conversation_t *conv;
377 udt_conversation *udt_conv;
379 conv = find_or_create_conversation(pinfo);
380 udt_conv = (udt_conversation *)conversation_get_proto_data(conv, proto_udt);
382 if (udt_conv) {
383 // Already identified conversation as UDT - BUT we might have been called from
384 // the other dissector.
385 if (is_dtls != udt_conv->is_dtls)
386 return false;
387 dissect_udt(tvb, pinfo, tree, data);
388 } else {
389 // Check if this is UDT...
391 /* Must have at least 24 captured bytes for heuristic check */
392 if (tvb_captured_length(tvb) < 24)
393 return false;
395 /* detect handshake control packet */
396 if (tvb_get_ntohl(tvb, 0) != (0x80000000 | UDT_PACKET_TYPE_HANDSHAKE))
397 return false;
399 /* must be version 4 */
400 if ((tvb_get_ntohl(tvb, 16) != 4))
401 return false;
403 /* must be datagram or stream */
404 if ((tvb_get_ntohl(tvb, 20) != UDT_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_DGRAM)
405 && (tvb_get_ntohl(tvb, 20) != UDT_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_STREAM))
406 return false;
408 /* This looks like UDT! */
409 udt_conv = wmem_new0(wmem_file_scope(), udt_conversation);
410 udt_conv->is_dtls = is_dtls;
411 /* Save initial sequence number if sufficient bytes were captured */
412 if (tvb_captured_length(tvb) >= 28)
413 udt_conv->isn = tvb_get_ntohl(tvb, 24);
414 conversation_add_proto_data(conv, proto_udt, udt_conv);
415 // DTLS should remain the dissector of record for encrypted conversations
416 if (!is_dtls)
417 conversation_set_dissector(conv, udt_handle);
419 dissect_udt(tvb, pinfo, tree, data);
421 return true;
424 static bool
425 dissect_udt_heur_udp(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, void *data)
427 return dissect_udt_heur(tvb, pinfo, tree, data, false /* Not DTLS */);
430 static bool
431 dissect_udt_heur_dtls(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, void *data)
433 return dissect_udt_heur(tvb, pinfo, tree, data, true /* Is DTLS */);
436 void proto_register_udt(void)
438 expert_module_t *expert_udt;
440 static hf_register_info hf[] = {
441 {&hf_udt_iscontrol, {
442 "Type", "udt.iscontrol",
443 FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC,
444 VALS(udt_types), 0x80000000, NULL, HFILL}},
446 {&hf_udt_type, {
447 "Type", "udt.type",
448 FT_UINT32, BASE_HEX,
449 VALS(udt_packet_types), 0x7fff0000, NULL, HFILL}},
451 {&hf_udt_seqno, {
452 "Sequence Number", "udt.seqno",
453 FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC,
454 NULL, 0x7fffffff, NULL, HFILL}},
456 {&hf_udt_addinfo, {
457 "Additional Info", "udt.addinfo",
458 FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC,
459 NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL}},
461 {&hf_udt_msgno, {
462 "Message Number", "udt.msgno",
463 FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC,
464 NULL, 0x1fffffff, NULL, HFILL}},
466 {&hf_udt_msgno_first, {
467 "First Indicator", "udt.msg.first",
468 FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC,
469 NULL, 0x80000000, NULL, HFILL}},
471 {&hf_udt_msgno_last, {
472 "Last Indicator", "udt.msg.last",
473 FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC,
474 NULL, 0x40000000, NULL, HFILL}},
476 {&hf_udt_msgno_inorder, {
477 "In-Order Indicator", "udt.msg.order",
478 FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC,
479 NULL, 0x20000000, NULL, HFILL}},
481 {&hf_udt_timestamp, {
482 "Timestamp", "udt.timestamp",
483 FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC,
484 NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL}},
486 {&hf_udt_id, {
487 "ID", "udt.id",
488 FT_UINT32, BASE_HEX,
489 NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL}},
491 {&hf_udt_ack_seqno, {
492 "Ack Sequence Number", "udt.ack_seqno",
493 FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC,
494 NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL}},
496 {&hf_udt_ackno, {
497 "Ack Number", "udt.ackno",
498 FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC,
499 NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL}},
501 {&hf_udt_rtt, {
502 "RTT (microseconds)", "udt.rtt",
503 FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC,
504 NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL}},
506 {&hf_udt_rttvar, {
507 "RTT Variance (microseconds)", "udt.rttvar",
508 FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC,
509 NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL}},
511 {&hf_udt_bufavail, {
512 "Buffer Available (packets)", "udt.buf",
513 FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC,
514 NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL}},
516 {&hf_udt_rate, {
517 "Rate (packets/second)", "udt.rate",
518 FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC,
519 NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL}},
521 {&hf_udt_linkcap, {
522 "Link Capacity (packets/second)", "udt.linkcap",
523 FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC,
524 NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL}},
526 {&hf_udt_handshake_version, {
527 "Version", "udt.hs.version",
528 FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC,
529 NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL}},
531 {&hf_udt_handshake_type, {
532 "Type", "udt.hs.type",
533 FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC,
534 VALS(udt_handshake_types), 0, NULL,
535 HFILL}},
537 {&hf_udt_handshake_isn, {
538 "Initial Sequence Number", "udt.hs.isn",
539 FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC,
540 NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL}},
542 {&hf_udt_handshake_mtu, {
543 "MTU", "udt.hs.mtu",
544 FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC,
545 NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL}},
547 {&hf_udt_handshake_flow_window, {
548 "Flow Window", "udt.hs.flow_window",
549 FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC,
550 NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL}},
552 {&hf_udt_handshake_reqtype, {
553 "Requested Type", "udt.hs.reqtype",
554 FT_INT32, BASE_DEC,
555 NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL}},
557 {&hf_udt_handshake_id, {
558 "ID", "udt.hs.id",
559 FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC,
560 NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL}},
562 {&hf_udt_handshake_cookie, {
563 "SYN Cookie", "udt.hs.cookie",
564 FT_UINT32, BASE_HEX,
565 NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL}},
567 {&hf_udt_handshake_peerip, {
568 "Peer IP Address", "udt.hs.peerip",
569 FT_BYTES, BASE_NONE,
570 NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL}},
573 static int *ett[] = {
574 &ett_udt,
577 static ei_register_info ei[] = {
578 { &ei_udt_nak_seqno,
579 { "udt.nak_seqno", PI_SEQUENCE, PI_NOTE,
580 "Missing Sequence Number(s)", EXPFILL }},
583 proto_udt = proto_register_protocol("UDT Protocol", "UDT", "udt");
584 proto_register_field_array(proto_udt, hf, array_length(hf));
585 proto_register_subtree_array(ett, array_length(ett));
587 expert_udt = expert_register_protocol(proto_udt);
588 expert_register_field_array(expert_udt, ei, array_length(ei));
590 udt_handle = register_dissector("udt", dissect_udt, proto_udt);
592 heur_subdissector_list = register_heur_dissector_list_with_description("udt", "UDT data", proto_udt);
595 void proto_reg_handoff_udt(void)
597 heur_dissector_add("udp", dissect_udt_heur_udp, "UDT over UDP", "udt_udp", proto_udt, HEURISTIC_ENABLE);
598 heur_dissector_add("dtls", dissect_udt_heur_dtls, "UDT over DTLS", "udt_dtls", proto_udt, HEURISTIC_ENABLE);
599 dissector_add_for_decode_as_with_preference("udp.port", udt_handle);
604 * Editor modelines - https://www.wireshark.org/tools/modelines.html
606 * Local variables:
607 * c-basic-offset: 8
608 * tab-width: 8
609 * indent-tabs-mode: t
610 * End:
612 * vi: set shiftwidth=8 tabstop=8 noexpandtab:
613 * :indentSize=8:tabSize=8:noTabs=false: