drivers/lguest/core.c

   1 /*P:400 This contains run_guest() which actually calls into the Host<->Guest
   2  * Switcher and analyzes the return, such as determining if the Guest wants the
   3  * Host to do something.  This file also contains useful helper routines, and a
   4  * couple of non-obvious setup and teardown pieces which were implemented after
   5  * days of debugging pain. :*/
   6 #include <linux/module.h>
   7 #include <linux/stringify.h>
   8 #include <linux/stddef.h>
   9 #include <linux/io.h>
  10 #include <linux/mm.h>
  11 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
  12 #include <linux/cpu.h>
  13 #include <linux/freezer.h>
  14 #include <linux/highmem.h>
  15 #include <asm/paravirt.h>
  16 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
  17 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
  18 #include <asm/poll.h>
  19 #include <asm/asm-offsets.h>
  20 #include "lg.h"
  21
  22
  23 static struct vm_struct *switcher_vma;
  24 static struct page **switcher_page;
  25
  26 /* This One Big lock protects all inter-guest data structures. */
  27 DEFINE_MUTEX(lguest_lock);
  28
  29 /*H:010 We need to set up the Switcher at a high virtual address.  Remember the
  30  * Switcher is a few hundred bytes of assembler code which actually changes the
  31  * CPU to run the Guest, and then changes back to the Host when a trap or
  32  * interrupt happens.
  33  *
  34  * The Switcher code must be at the same virtual address in the Guest as the
  35  * Host since it will be running as the switchover occurs.
  36  *
  37  * Trying to map memory at a particular address is an unusual thing to do, so
  38  * it's not a simple one-liner. */
  39 static __init int map_switcher(void)
  40 {
  41         int i, err;
  42         struct page **pagep;
  43
  44         /*
  45          * Map the Switcher in to high memory.
  46          *
  47          * It turns out that if we choose the address 0xFFC00000 (4MB under the
  48          * top virtual address), it makes setting up the page tables really
  49          * easy.
  50          */
  51
  52         /* We allocate an array of "struct page"s.  map_vm_area() wants the
  53          * pages in this form, rather than just an array of pointers. */
  54         switcher_page = kmalloc(sizeof(switcher_page[0])*TOTAL_SWITCHER_PAGES,
  55                                 GFP_KERNEL);
  56         if (!switcher_page) {
  57                 err = -ENOMEM;
  58                 goto out;
  59         }
  60
  61         /* Now we actually allocate the pages.  The Guest will see these pages,
  62          * so we make sure they're zeroed. */
  63         for (i = 0; i < TOTAL_SWITCHER_PAGES; i++) {
  64                 unsigned long addr = get_zeroed_page(GFP_KERNEL);
  65                 if (!addr) {
  66                         err = -ENOMEM;
  67                         goto free_some_pages;
  68                 }
  69                 switcher_page[i] = virt_to_page(addr);
  70         }
  71
  72         /* Now we reserve the "virtual memory area" we want: 0xFFC00000
  73          * (SWITCHER_ADDR).  We might not get it in theory, but in practice
  74          * it's worked so far. */
  75         switcher_vma = __get_vm_area(TOTAL_SWITCHER_PAGES * PAGE_SIZE,
  76                                        VM_ALLOC, SWITCHER_ADDR, VMALLOC_END);
  77         if (!switcher_vma) {
  78                 err = -ENOMEM;
  79                 printk("lguest: could not map switcher pages high\n");
  80                 goto free_pages;
  81         }
  82
  83         /* This code actually sets up the pages we've allocated to appear at
  84          * SWITCHER_ADDR.  map_vm_area() takes the vma we allocated above, the
  85          * kind of pages we're mapping (kernel pages), and a pointer to our
  86          * array of struct pages.  It increments that pointer, but we don't
  87          * care. */
  88         pagep = switcher_page;
  89         err = map_vm_area(switcher_vma, PAGE_KERNEL, &pagep);
  90         if (err) {
  91                 printk("lguest: map_vm_area failed: %i\n", err);
  92                 goto free_vma;
  93         }
  94
  95         /* Now the Switcher is mapped at the right address, we can't fail!
  96          * Copy in the compiled-in Switcher code (from <arch>_switcher.S). */
  97         memcpy(switcher_vma->addr, start_switcher_text,
  98                end_switcher_text - start_switcher_text);
  99
 100         printk(KERN_INFO "lguest: mapped switcher at %p\n",
 101                switcher_vma->addr);
 102         /* And we succeeded... */
 103         return 0;
 104
 105 free_vma:
 106         vunmap(switcher_vma->addr);
 107 free_pages:
 108         i = TOTAL_SWITCHER_PAGES;
 109 free_some_pages:
 110         for (--i; i >= 0; i--)
 111                 __free_pages(switcher_page[i], 0);
 112         kfree(switcher_page);
 113 out:
 114         return err;
 115 }
 116 /*:*/
 117
 118 /* Cleaning up the mapping when the module is unloaded is almost...
 119  * too easy. */
 120 static void unmap_switcher(void)
 121 {
 122         unsigned int i;
 123
 124         /* vunmap() undoes *both* map_vm_area() and __get_vm_area(). */
 125         vunmap(switcher_vma->addr);
 126         /* Now we just need to free the pages we copied the switcher into */
 127         for (i = 0; i < TOTAL_SWITCHER_PAGES; i++)
 128                 __free_pages(switcher_page[i], 0);
 129 }
 130
 131 /*H:032
 132  * Dealing With Guest Memory.
 133  *
 134  * Before we go too much further into the Host, we need to grok the routines
 135  * we use to deal with Guest memory.
 136  *
 137  * When the Guest gives us (what it thinks is) a physical address, we can use
 138  * the normal copy_from_user() & copy_to_user() on the corresponding place in
 139  * the memory region allocated by the Launcher.
 140  *
 141  * But we can't trust the Guest: it might be trying to access the Launcher
 142  * code.  We have to check that the range is below the pfn_limit the Launcher
 143  * gave us.  We have to make sure that addr + len doesn't give us a false
 144  * positive by overflowing, too. */
 145 int lguest_address_ok(const struct lguest *lg,
 146                       unsigned long addr, unsigned long len)
 147 {
 148         return (addr+len) / PAGE_SIZE < lg->pfn_limit && (addr+len >= addr);
 149 }
 150
 151 /* This routine copies memory from the Guest.  Here we can see how useful the
 152  * kill_lguest() routine we met in the Launcher can be: we return a random
 153  * value (all zeroes) instead of needing to return an error. */
 154 void __lgread(struct lg_cpu *cpu, void *b, unsigned long addr, unsigned bytes)
 155 {
 156         if (!lguest_address_ok(cpu->lg, addr, bytes)
 157             || copy_from_user(b, cpu->lg->mem_base + addr, bytes) != 0) {
 158                 /* copy_from_user should do this, but as we rely on it... */
 159                 memset(b, 0, bytes);
 160                 kill_guest(cpu, "bad read address %#lx len %u", addr, bytes);
 161         }
 162 }
 163
 164 /* This is the write (copy into guest) version. */
 165 void __lgwrite(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned long addr, const void *b,
 166                unsigned bytes)
 167 {
 168         if (!lguest_address_ok(cpu->lg, addr, bytes)
 169             || copy_to_user(cpu->lg->mem_base + addr, b, bytes) != 0)
 170                 kill_guest(cpu, "bad write address %#lx len %u", addr, bytes);
 171 }
 172 /*:*/
 173
 174 /*H:030 Let's jump straight to the the main loop which runs the Guest.
 175  * Remember, this is called by the Launcher reading /dev/lguest, and we keep
 176  * going around and around until something interesting happens. */
 177 int run_guest(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned long __user *user)
 178 {
 179         /* We stop running once the Guest is dead. */
 180         while (!cpu->lg->dead) {
 181                 /* First we run any hypercalls the Guest wants done. */
 182                 if (cpu->hcall)
 183                         do_hypercalls(cpu);
 184
 185                 /* It's possible the Guest did a NOTIFY hypercall to the
 186                  * Launcher, in which case we return from the read() now. */
 187                 if (cpu->pending_notify) {
 188                         if (put_user(cpu->pending_notify, user))
 189                                 return -EFAULT;
 190                         return sizeof(cpu->pending_notify);
 191                 }
 192
 193                 /* Check for signals */
 194                 if (signal_pending(current))
 195                         return -ERESTARTSYS;
 196
 197                 /* If Waker set break_out, return to Launcher. */
 198                 if (cpu->break_out)
 199                         return -EAGAIN;
 200
 201                 /* Check if there are any interrupts which can be delivered
 202                  * now: if so, this sets up the hander to be executed when we
 203                  * next run the Guest. */
 204                 maybe_do_interrupt(cpu);
 205
 206                 /* All long-lived kernel loops need to check with this horrible
 207                  * thing called the freezer.  If the Host is trying to suspend,
 208                  * it stops us. */
 209                 try_to_freeze();
 210
 211                 /* Just make absolutely sure the Guest is still alive.  One of
 212                  * those hypercalls could have been fatal, for example. */
 213                 if (cpu->lg->dead)
 214                         break;
 215
 216                 /* If the Guest asked to be stopped, we sleep.  The Guest's
 217                  * clock timer or LHCALL_BREAK from the Waker will wake us. */
 218                 if (cpu->halted) {
 219                         set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
 220                         schedule();
 221                         continue;
 222                 }
 223
 224                 /* OK, now we're ready to jump into the Guest.  First we put up
 225                  * the "Do Not Disturb" sign: */
 226                 local_irq_disable();
 227
 228                 /* Actually run the Guest until something happens. */
 229                 lguest_arch_run_guest(cpu);
 230
 231                 /* Now we're ready to be interrupted or moved to other CPUs */
 232                 local_irq_enable();
 233
 234                 /* Now we deal with whatever happened to the Guest. */
 235                 lguest_arch_handle_trap(cpu);
 236         }
 237
 238         if (cpu->lg->dead == ERR_PTR(-ERESTART))
 239                 return -ERESTART;
 240         /* The Guest is dead => "No such file or directory" */
 241         return -ENOENT;
 242 }
 243
 244 /*H:000
 245  * Welcome to the Host!
 246  *
 247  * By this point your brain has been tickled by the Guest code and numbed by
 248  * the Launcher code; prepare for it to be stretched by the Host code.  This is
 249  * the heart.  Let's begin at the initialization routine for the Host's lg
 250  * module.
 251  */
 252 static int __init init(void)
 253 {
 254         int err;
 255
 256         /* Lguest can't run under Xen, VMI or itself.  It does Tricky Stuff. */
 257         if (paravirt_enabled()) {
 258                 printk("lguest is afraid of being a guest\n");
 259                 return -EPERM;
 260         }
 261
 262         /* First we put the Switcher up in very high virtual memory. */
 263         err = map_switcher();
 264         if (err)
 265                 goto out;
 266
 267         /* Now we set up the pagetable implementation for the Guests. */
 268         err = init_pagetables(switcher_page, SHARED_SWITCHER_PAGES);
 269         if (err)
 270                 goto unmap;
 271
 272         /* We might need to reserve an interrupt vector. */
 273         err = init_interrupts();
 274         if (err)
 275                 goto free_pgtables;
 276
 277         /* /dev/lguest needs to be registered. */
 278         err = lguest_device_init();
 279         if (err)
 280                 goto free_interrupts;
 281
 282         /* Finally we do some architecture-specific setup. */
 283         lguest_arch_host_init();
 284
 285         /* All good! */
 286         return 0;
 287
 288 free_interrupts:
 289         free_interrupts();
 290 free_pgtables:
 291         free_pagetables();
 292 unmap:
 293         unmap_switcher();
 294 out:
 295         return err;
 296 }
 297
 298 /* Cleaning up is just the same code, backwards.  With a little French. */
 299 static void __exit fini(void)
 300 {
 301         lguest_device_remove();
 302         free_interrupts();
 303         free_pagetables();
 304         unmap_switcher();
 305
 306         lguest_arch_host_fini();
 307 }
 308 /*:*/
 309
 310 /* The Host side of lguest can be a module.  This is a nice way for people to
 311  * play with it.  */
 312 module_init(init);
 313 module_exit(fini);
 314 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
 315 MODULE_AUTHOR("Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>");