1 PHP bindings for Xapian
2 ***********************
4 The PHP bindings for Xapian are packaged in the ``xapian``
5 extension. The PHP API provided by this extension largely follows Xapian's C++
6 API. This document lists the differences and additions.
8 PHP strings, arrays, etc., are converted automatically to and from the
9 corresponding C++ types in the bindings, so generally you can pass arguments as
10 you would expect. One thing to be aware of though is that SWIG implements
11 dispatch functions for overloaded methods based on the types of the parameters,
12 so you can't always pass in a string containing a number (e.g.
13 ``"42"``) where a number is expected as you usually can in PHP.
15 explicitly convert to the type required - e.g. use ``(int)`` to
16 convert to an integer, ``(string)`` to string, ``(double)``
17 to a floating point number.
19 You can subclass Xapian classes in PHP and virtual methods defined in PHP are
20 called from C++ in the way you'd expect.
22 PHP has a lot of reserved words of various sorts, which sadly clash with common
23 method names. Because of this ``empty()`` methods of various
24 container-like classes are wrapped as ``is_empty()`` for PHP.
26 The ``examples`` subdirectory contains examples showing how to use the
27 PHP bindings based on the simple examples from ``xapian-examples``:
28 `simpleindex.php8 <examples/simpleindex.php8>`_,
29 `simplesearch.php8 <examples/simplesearch.php8>`_,
30 `simpleexpand.php8 <examples/simpleexpand.php8>`_,
31 `simplematchdecider.php8 <examples/simplematchdecider.php8>`_.
33 Note that these examples are written to work with the command line (CLI)
34 version of the PHP interpreter, not through a webserver. Xapian's PHP
35 bindings may of course also be used under CGI, Apache's modphp, ISAPI,
41 This version of the bindings only support PHP >= 8.0 If you need support
42 for PHP 5.x or 7.x, you'll need to use Xapian 1.4.21 or earlier instead.
44 If you want to install from source you'll need to `download the source
45 code <https://xapian.org/download>`_ if you haven't already done so.
47 Assuming you have a suitable version of PHP installed, running
48 configure will automatically enable the PHP bindings, and
49 ``make install`` will install the extension shared library in
50 the location reported by ``php-config --extension-dir``.
52 Check that php.ini has a line like ``extension_dir = "<location reported by php-config --extension-dir>"``.
55 Then add this line to php.ini: ``extension=xapian``
57 If you're using PHP as a webserver module (e.g. mod_php with Apache), you
58 may need to restart the webserver for this change to take effect.
60 Previous versions of these bindings for PHP < 8 also required you to add
61 ``include "xapian.php"`` to your PHP scripts which use Xapian, but
62 this is not necessary with versions which support PHP8 (1.4.22 and newer).
63 To write code which supports both you can use::
65 if (PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 8) include "xapian.php";
70 Exceptions thrown by Xapian are translated into PHP Exception objects
71 which are thrown into the PHP script.
76 These PHP bindings use a PHP object oriented style.
78 To construct an object, use
79 ``$object = new XapianClassName(...);``. Objects are destroyed
80 when they go out of scope - to explicitly destroy an object you can use
81 ``unset($object);`` or ``$object = Null;``
83 You invoke a method on an object using ``$object->method_name()``.
88 The Xapian::Stem, Xapian::QueryParser, and
89 Xapian::TermGenerator classes all assume text is in UTF-8. If you want
90 to index strings in a different encoding, use the PHP `iconv function <https://secure.php.net/iconv>`_ to convert them to UTF-8 before passing them to Xapian, and when reading values back from Xapian.
95 Xapian's iterators (except ``XapianLatLongCoordsIterator``)
96 are wrapped as PHP iterators, so can be used in ``foreach``.
98 There's one important thing to beware of currently - the ``rewind()`` method
99 on ``XapianPositionIterator``, ``XapianPostingIterator``,
100 ``XapianTermIterator`` and ``XapianValueIterator`` currently does nothing. We
101 can't make it simply throw an exception, as ``foreach`` calls ``rewind()``
102 before iteration starts - each iterator needs to track if ``next()`` has been
103 called yet, and we've not yet implemented machinery for that. This doesn't
104 affect the standard pattern of iterating once with ``foreach``, but if you want
105 to iterate a second time, you can't reuse the iterator (but it will currently
108 You can safely call ``rewind()`` on ``XapianESetIterator`` and
109 ``XapianMSetIterator``.
111 The ``current()`` method returns the result of dereferencing the iterator
112 in C++ (e.g. for a ``TermIterator``, it returns the term as a string - see
113 the section below for more details) and the ``key()`` method returns the
114 iterator object, which you can call other methods on, for example::
116 foreach ($db->allterms_begin() as $k => $term) {
117 print "{$k->get_termfreq()}\t$term\n";
120 As well as the standard PHP iterator methods, MSetIterator and ESetIterator
121 also support ``prev()`` to go back one place.
123 Iterator dereferencing
124 ######################
126 C++ iterators are often dereferenced to get information, eg
127 ``(*it)``. With PHP these are all mapped to named methods, as
130 +------------------+----------------------+
131 | Iterator | Dereferencing method |
132 +==================+======================+
133 | PositionIterator | ``get_termpos()`` |
134 +------------------+----------------------+
135 | PostingIterator | ``get_docid()`` |
136 +------------------+----------------------+
137 | TermIterator | ``get_term()`` |
138 +------------------+----------------------+
139 | ValueIterator | ``get_value()`` |
140 +------------------+----------------------+
141 | MSetIterator | ``get_docid()`` |
142 +------------------+----------------------+
143 | ESetIterator | ``get_term()`` |
144 +------------------+----------------------+
146 Other methods, such as ``MSetIterator::get_document()``, are
152 MSet objects have some additional methods to simplify access (these
153 work using the C++ array dereferencing):
155 +------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+
156 | Method name | Explanation |
157 +====================================+========================================+
158 | ``get_hit(index)`` | returns MSetIterator at index |
159 +------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+
160 | ``get_document_percentage(index)`` | ``convert_to_percent(get_hit(index))`` |
161 +------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+
162 | ``get_document(index)`` | ``get_hit(index)->get_document()`` |
163 +------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+
164 | ``get_docid(index)`` | ``get_hit(index)->get_docid()`` |
165 +------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+
168 Database Factory Functions
169 ##########################
171 - ``Xapian::Remote::open(...)`` is wrapped as ``Xapian::remote_open(...)`` (both the TCP and "program" versions are wrapped - the SWIG wrapper checks the parameter list to decide which to call).
172 - ``Xapian::Remote::open_writable(...)`` is wrapped as ``Xapian::remote_open_writable(...)`` (both the TCP and "program" versions are wrapped - the SWIG wrapper checks the parameter list to decide which to call).
177 Constants are wrapped as ``const`` members of the appropriate class.
178 So ``Xapian::DB_CREATE_OR_OPEN`` is available as
179 ``Xapian::DB_CREATE_OR_OPEN``, ``Xapian::Query::OP_OR`` is
180 available as ``XapianQuery::OP_OR``, and so on.
185 Non-class functions are wrapped in the natural way, so the C++
186 function ``Xapian::version_string`` is wrapped under the same
192 In C++ there's a Xapian::Query constructor which takes a query operator and
193 start/end iterators specifying a number of terms or queries, plus an optional
194 parameter. In PHP, this is wrapped to accept an array listing the terms
195 and/or queries (you can specify a mixture of terms and queries if you wish)
200 $subq = new XapianQuery(XapianQuery::OP_AND, "hello", "world");
201 $q = new XapianQuery(XapianQuery::OP_AND, array($subq, "foo", new XapianQuery("bar", 2)));
205 MatchAll and MatchNothing
206 -------------------------
208 These are wrapped as static methods
209 ``XapianQuery::MatchAll()`` and ``XapianQuery::MatchNothing()``.
211 If you want to be compatible with version 1.2.x of Xapian's PHP5 bindings, you
212 can continue to use ``new XapianQuery('')`` for MatchAll and
213 ``new XapianQuery()`` for MatchNothing.
219 There is an additional method ``get_matching_terms()`` which takes
220 an MSetIterator and returns a list of terms in the current query which
221 match the document given by that iterator. You may find this
222 more convenient than using the TermIterator directly.