5 Q: What do the letters XZ mean?
7 A: Nothing. They are just two letters, which come from the file format
8 suffix .xz. The .xz suffix was selected, because it seemed to be
9 pretty much unused. It is no deeper meaning.
12 Q: What are LZMA and LZMA2?
14 A: LZMA stands for Lempel-Ziv-Markov chain-Algorithm. It is the name
15 of the compression algorithm designed by Igor Pavlov for 7-Zip.
16 LZMA is based on LZ77 and range encoding.
18 LZMA2 is an updated version of the original LZMA to fix a couple of
19 practical issues. In context of XZ Utils, LZMA is called LZMA1 to
20 emphasize that LZMA is not the same thing as LZMA2. LZMA2 is the
21 primary compression algorithm in the .xz file format.
24 Q: There are many LZMA related projects. How does XZ Utils relate to them?
26 A: 7-Zip and LZMA SDK are the original projects. LZMA SDK is roughly
27 a subset of the 7-Zip source tree.
29 p7zip is 7-Zip's command line tools ported to POSIX-like systems.
31 LZMA Utils provide a gzip-like lzma tool for POSIX-like systems.
32 LZMA Utils are based on LZMA SDK. XZ Utils are the successor to
35 There are several other projects using LZMA. Most are more or less
39 Q: Do XZ Utils support the .7z format?
41 A: No. Use 7-Zip (Windows) or p7zip (POSIX-like systems) to handle .7z
45 Q: I have many .tar.7z files. Can I convert them to .tar.xz without
46 spending hours recompressing the data?
48 A: In the "extra" directory, there is a script named 7z2lzma.bash which
49 is able to convert some .7z files to the .lzma format (not .xz). It
50 needs the 7za (or 7z) command from p7zip. The script may silently
51 produce corrupt output if certain assumptions are not met, so
52 decompress the resulting .lzma file and compare it against the
53 original before deleting the original file!
56 Q: I have many .lzma files. Can I quickly convert them to the .xz format?
58 A: For now, no. Since XZ Utils supports the .lzma format, it's usually
59 not too bad to keep the old files in the old format. If you want to
60 do the conversion anyway, you need to decompress the .lzma files and
61 then recompress to the .xz format.
63 Technically, there is a way to make the conversion relatively fast
64 (roughly twice the time that normal decompression takes). Writing
65 such a tool would take quite a bit time though, and would probably
66 be useful to only a few people. If you really want such a conversion
67 tool, contact Lasse Collin and offer some money.
70 Q: Can I recover parts of a broken .xz file (e.g. corrupted CD-R)?
72 A: It may be possible if the file consists of multiple blocks, which
73 typically is not the case if the file was created in single-threaded
74 mode. There is no recovery program yet.
77 Q: Is (some part of) XZ Utils patented?
79 A: Lasse Collin is not aware of any patents that could affect XZ Utils.
80 However, due to nature of software patents, it's not possible to
81 guarantee that XZ Utils isn't affected by any third party patent(s).
84 Q: Where can I find documentation about the file format and algorithms?
86 A: The .xz format is documented in xz-file-format.txt. It is a container
87 format only, and doesn't include descriptions of any non-trivial
90 Documenting LZMA and LZMA2 is planned, but for now, there is no other
91 documentation that the source code. Before you begin, you should know
92 the basics of LZ77 and range coding algorithms. LZMA is based on LZ77,
93 but LZMA is *a lot* more complex. Range coding is used to compress
94 the final bitstream like Huffman coding is used in Deflate.
97 Q: I cannot find BCJ and BCJ2 filters. Don't they exist in liblzma?
99 A: BCJ filter is called "x86" in liblzma. BCJ2 is not included,
100 because it requires using more than one encoded output stream.
103 Q: How do I build a program that needs liblzmadec (lzmadec.h)?
105 A: liblzmadec is part of LZMA Utils. XZ Utils has liblzma, but no
106 liblzmadec. The code using liblzmadec should be ported to use
107 liblzma instead. If you cannot or don't want to do that, download
108 LZMA Utils from <http://tukaani.org/lzma/>.
111 Q: The default build of liblzma is too big. How can I make it smaller?
113 A: Give --enable-small to the configure script. Use also appropriate
114 --enable or --disable options to include only those filter encoders
115 and decoders and integrity checks that you actually need. Use
116 CFLAGS=-Os (with GCC) or equivalent to tell your compiler to optimize
117 for size. See INSTALL for information about configure options.
119 If the result is still too big, take a look at XZ Embedded. It is
120 a separate project, which provides a limited but signinificantly
121 smaller XZ decoder implementation than XZ Utils.