2 * eCryptfs: Linux filesystem encryption layer
3 * This is where eCryptfs coordinates the symmetric encryption and
4 * decryption of the file data as it passes between the lower
5 * encrypted file and the upper decrypted file.
7 * Copyright (C) 1997-2003 Erez Zadok
8 * Copyright (C) 2001-2003 Stony Brook University
9 * Copyright (C) 2004-2007 International Business Machines Corp.
10 * Author(s): Michael A. Halcrow <mahalcro@us.ibm.com>
12 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
13 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
14 * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
15 * License, or (at your option) any later version.
17 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
18 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
19 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
20 * General Public License for more details.
22 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
23 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
24 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
28 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
29 #include <linux/writeback.h>
30 #include <linux/page-flags.h>
31 #include <linux/mount.h>
32 #include <linux/file.h>
33 #include <linux/crypto.h>
34 #include <linux/scatterlist.h>
35 #include <linux/slab.h>
36 #include <asm/unaligned.h>
37 #include "ecryptfs_kernel.h"
40 * ecryptfs_get_locked_page
42 * Get one page from cache or lower f/s, return error otherwise.
44 * Returns locked and up-to-date page (if ok), with increased
47 struct page
*ecryptfs_get_locked_page(struct inode
*inode
, loff_t index
)
49 struct page
*page
= read_mapping_page(inode
->i_mapping
, index
, NULL
);
57 * @page: Page that is locked before this call is made
59 * Returns zero on success; non-zero otherwise
61 * This is where we encrypt the data and pass the encrypted data to
62 * the lower filesystem. In OpenPGP-compatible mode, we operate on
63 * entire underlying packets.
65 static int ecryptfs_writepage(struct page
*page
, struct writeback_control
*wbc
)
70 * Refuse to write the page out if we are called from reclaim context
71 * since our writepage() path may potentially allocate memory when
72 * calling into the lower fs vfs_write() which may in turn invoke
75 if (current
->flags
& PF_MEMALLOC
) {
76 redirty_page_for_writepage(wbc
, page
);
81 rc
= ecryptfs_encrypt_page(page
);
83 ecryptfs_printk(KERN_WARNING
, "Error encrypting "
84 "page (upper index [0x%.16lx])\n", page
->index
);
85 ClearPageUptodate(page
);
88 SetPageUptodate(page
);
94 static void strip_xattr_flag(char *page_virt
,
95 struct ecryptfs_crypt_stat
*crypt_stat
)
97 if (crypt_stat
->flags
& ECRYPTFS_METADATA_IN_XATTR
) {
100 crypt_stat
->flags
&= ~ECRYPTFS_METADATA_IN_XATTR
;
101 ecryptfs_write_crypt_stat_flags(page_virt
, crypt_stat
,
103 crypt_stat
->flags
|= ECRYPTFS_METADATA_IN_XATTR
;
109 * Octets 0-7: Unencrypted file size (big-endian)
110 * Octets 8-15: eCryptfs special marker
111 * Octets 16-19: Flags
112 * Octet 16: File format version number (between 0 and 255)
113 * Octets 17-18: Reserved
114 * Octet 19: Bit 1 (lsb): Reserved
117 * Octets 20-23: Header extent size (big-endian)
118 * Octets 24-25: Number of header extents at front of file
120 * Octet 26: Begin RFC 2440 authentication token packet set
124 * ecryptfs_copy_up_encrypted_with_header
125 * @page: Sort of a ``virtual'' representation of the encrypted lower
126 * file. The actual lower file does not have the metadata in
127 * the header. This is locked.
128 * @crypt_stat: The eCryptfs inode's cryptographic context
130 * The ``view'' is the version of the file that userspace winds up
131 * seeing, with the header information inserted.
134 ecryptfs_copy_up_encrypted_with_header(struct page
*page
,
135 struct ecryptfs_crypt_stat
*crypt_stat
)
137 loff_t extent_num_in_page
= 0;
138 loff_t num_extents_per_page
= (PAGE_CACHE_SIZE
139 / crypt_stat
->extent_size
);
142 while (extent_num_in_page
< num_extents_per_page
) {
143 loff_t view_extent_num
= ((((loff_t
)page
->index
)
144 * num_extents_per_page
)
145 + extent_num_in_page
);
146 size_t num_header_extents_at_front
=
147 (crypt_stat
->metadata_size
/ crypt_stat
->extent_size
);
149 if (view_extent_num
< num_header_extents_at_front
) {
150 /* This is a header extent */
153 page_virt
= kmap_atomic(page
);
154 memset(page_virt
, 0, PAGE_CACHE_SIZE
);
155 /* TODO: Support more than one header extent */
156 if (view_extent_num
== 0) {
159 rc
= ecryptfs_read_xattr_region(
160 page_virt
, page
->mapping
->host
);
161 strip_xattr_flag(page_virt
+ 16, crypt_stat
);
162 ecryptfs_write_header_metadata(page_virt
+ 20,
166 kunmap_atomic(page_virt
);
167 flush_dcache_page(page
);
169 printk(KERN_ERR
"%s: Error reading xattr "
170 "region; rc = [%d]\n", __func__
, rc
);
174 /* This is an encrypted data extent */
175 loff_t lower_offset
=
176 ((view_extent_num
* crypt_stat
->extent_size
)
177 - crypt_stat
->metadata_size
);
179 rc
= ecryptfs_read_lower_page_segment(
180 page
, (lower_offset
>> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT
),
181 (lower_offset
& ~PAGE_CACHE_MASK
),
182 crypt_stat
->extent_size
, page
->mapping
->host
);
184 printk(KERN_ERR
"%s: Error attempting to read "
185 "extent at offset [%lld] in the lower "
186 "file; rc = [%d]\n", __func__
,
191 extent_num_in_page
++;
199 * @file: An eCryptfs file
200 * @page: Page from eCryptfs inode mapping into which to stick the read data
202 * Read in a page, decrypting if necessary.
204 * Returns zero on success; non-zero on error.
206 static int ecryptfs_readpage(struct file
*file
, struct page
*page
)
208 struct ecryptfs_crypt_stat
*crypt_stat
=
209 &ecryptfs_inode_to_private(page
->mapping
->host
)->crypt_stat
;
212 if (!crypt_stat
|| !(crypt_stat
->flags
& ECRYPTFS_ENCRYPTED
)) {
213 rc
= ecryptfs_read_lower_page_segment(page
, page
->index
, 0,
215 page
->mapping
->host
);
216 } else if (crypt_stat
->flags
& ECRYPTFS_VIEW_AS_ENCRYPTED
) {
217 if (crypt_stat
->flags
& ECRYPTFS_METADATA_IN_XATTR
) {
218 rc
= ecryptfs_copy_up_encrypted_with_header(page
,
221 printk(KERN_ERR
"%s: Error attempting to copy "
222 "the encrypted content from the lower "
223 "file whilst inserting the metadata "
224 "from the xattr into the header; rc = "
225 "[%d]\n", __func__
, rc
);
230 rc
= ecryptfs_read_lower_page_segment(
231 page
, page
->index
, 0, PAGE_CACHE_SIZE
,
232 page
->mapping
->host
);
234 printk(KERN_ERR
"Error reading page; rc = "
240 rc
= ecryptfs_decrypt_page(page
);
242 ecryptfs_printk(KERN_ERR
, "Error decrypting page; "
249 ClearPageUptodate(page
);
251 SetPageUptodate(page
);
252 ecryptfs_printk(KERN_DEBUG
, "Unlocking page with index = [0x%.16lx]\n",
259 * Called with lower inode mutex held.
261 static int fill_zeros_to_end_of_page(struct page
*page
, unsigned int to
)
263 struct inode
*inode
= page
->mapping
->host
;
264 int end_byte_in_page
;
266 if ((i_size_read(inode
) / PAGE_CACHE_SIZE
) != page
->index
)
268 end_byte_in_page
= i_size_read(inode
) % PAGE_CACHE_SIZE
;
269 if (to
> end_byte_in_page
)
270 end_byte_in_page
= to
;
271 zero_user_segment(page
, end_byte_in_page
, PAGE_CACHE_SIZE
);
277 * ecryptfs_write_begin
278 * @file: The eCryptfs file
279 * @mapping: The eCryptfs object
280 * @pos: The file offset at which to start writing
281 * @len: Length of the write
282 * @flags: Various flags
283 * @pagep: Pointer to return the page
284 * @fsdata: Pointer to return fs data (unused)
286 * This function must zero any hole we create
288 * Returns zero on success; non-zero otherwise
290 static int ecryptfs_write_begin(struct file
*file
,
291 struct address_space
*mapping
,
292 loff_t pos
, unsigned len
, unsigned flags
,
293 struct page
**pagep
, void **fsdata
)
295 pgoff_t index
= pos
>> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT
;
297 loff_t prev_page_end_size
;
300 page
= grab_cache_page_write_begin(mapping
, index
, flags
);
305 prev_page_end_size
= ((loff_t
)index
<< PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT
);
306 if (!PageUptodate(page
)) {
307 struct ecryptfs_crypt_stat
*crypt_stat
=
308 &ecryptfs_inode_to_private(mapping
->host
)->crypt_stat
;
310 if (!(crypt_stat
->flags
& ECRYPTFS_ENCRYPTED
)) {
311 rc
= ecryptfs_read_lower_page_segment(
312 page
, index
, 0, PAGE_CACHE_SIZE
, mapping
->host
);
314 printk(KERN_ERR
"%s: Error attemping to read "
315 "lower page segment; rc = [%d]\n",
317 ClearPageUptodate(page
);
320 SetPageUptodate(page
);
321 } else if (crypt_stat
->flags
& ECRYPTFS_VIEW_AS_ENCRYPTED
) {
322 if (crypt_stat
->flags
& ECRYPTFS_METADATA_IN_XATTR
) {
323 rc
= ecryptfs_copy_up_encrypted_with_header(
326 printk(KERN_ERR
"%s: Error attempting "
327 "to copy the encrypted content "
328 "from the lower file whilst "
329 "inserting the metadata from "
330 "the xattr into the header; rc "
331 "= [%d]\n", __func__
, rc
);
332 ClearPageUptodate(page
);
335 SetPageUptodate(page
);
337 rc
= ecryptfs_read_lower_page_segment(
338 page
, index
, 0, PAGE_CACHE_SIZE
,
341 printk(KERN_ERR
"%s: Error reading "
344 ClearPageUptodate(page
);
347 SetPageUptodate(page
);
350 if (prev_page_end_size
351 >= i_size_read(page
->mapping
->host
)) {
352 zero_user(page
, 0, PAGE_CACHE_SIZE
);
354 rc
= ecryptfs_decrypt_page(page
);
356 printk(KERN_ERR
"%s: Error decrypting "
357 "page at index [%ld]; "
359 __func__
, page
->index
, rc
);
360 ClearPageUptodate(page
);
364 SetPageUptodate(page
);
367 /* If creating a page or more of holes, zero them out via truncate.
368 * Note, this will increase i_size. */
370 if (prev_page_end_size
> i_size_read(page
->mapping
->host
)) {
371 rc
= ecryptfs_truncate(file
->f_path
.dentry
,
374 printk(KERN_ERR
"%s: Error on attempt to "
375 "truncate to (higher) offset [%lld];"
376 " rc = [%d]\n", __func__
,
377 prev_page_end_size
, rc
);
382 /* Writing to a new page, and creating a small hole from start
383 * of page? Zero it out. */
384 if ((i_size_read(mapping
->host
) == prev_page_end_size
)
386 zero_user(page
, 0, PAGE_CACHE_SIZE
);
390 page_cache_release(page
);
397 * ecryptfs_write_inode_size_to_header
399 * Writes the lower file size to the first 8 bytes of the header.
401 * Returns zero on success; non-zero on error.
403 static int ecryptfs_write_inode_size_to_header(struct inode
*ecryptfs_inode
)
405 char *file_size_virt
;
408 file_size_virt
= kmalloc(sizeof(u64
), GFP_KERNEL
);
409 if (!file_size_virt
) {
413 put_unaligned_be64(i_size_read(ecryptfs_inode
), file_size_virt
);
414 rc
= ecryptfs_write_lower(ecryptfs_inode
, file_size_virt
, 0,
416 kfree(file_size_virt
);
418 printk(KERN_ERR
"%s: Error writing file size to header; "
419 "rc = [%d]\n", __func__
, rc
);
426 struct kmem_cache
*ecryptfs_xattr_cache
;
428 static int ecryptfs_write_inode_size_to_xattr(struct inode
*ecryptfs_inode
)
432 struct dentry
*lower_dentry
=
433 ecryptfs_inode_to_private(ecryptfs_inode
)->lower_file
->f_dentry
;
434 struct inode
*lower_inode
= lower_dentry
->d_inode
;
437 if (!lower_inode
->i_op
->getxattr
|| !lower_inode
->i_op
->setxattr
) {
439 "No support for setting xattr in lower filesystem\n");
443 xattr_virt
= kmem_cache_alloc(ecryptfs_xattr_cache
, GFP_KERNEL
);
445 printk(KERN_ERR
"Out of memory whilst attempting to write "
446 "inode size to xattr\n");
450 mutex_lock(&lower_inode
->i_mutex
);
451 size
= lower_inode
->i_op
->getxattr(lower_dentry
, ECRYPTFS_XATTR_NAME
,
452 xattr_virt
, PAGE_CACHE_SIZE
);
455 put_unaligned_be64(i_size_read(ecryptfs_inode
), xattr_virt
);
456 rc
= lower_inode
->i_op
->setxattr(lower_dentry
, ECRYPTFS_XATTR_NAME
,
457 xattr_virt
, size
, 0);
458 mutex_unlock(&lower_inode
->i_mutex
);
460 printk(KERN_ERR
"Error whilst attempting to write inode size "
461 "to lower file xattr; rc = [%d]\n", rc
);
462 kmem_cache_free(ecryptfs_xattr_cache
, xattr_virt
);
467 int ecryptfs_write_inode_size_to_metadata(struct inode
*ecryptfs_inode
)
469 struct ecryptfs_crypt_stat
*crypt_stat
;
471 crypt_stat
= &ecryptfs_inode_to_private(ecryptfs_inode
)->crypt_stat
;
472 BUG_ON(!(crypt_stat
->flags
& ECRYPTFS_ENCRYPTED
));
473 if (crypt_stat
->flags
& ECRYPTFS_METADATA_IN_XATTR
)
474 return ecryptfs_write_inode_size_to_xattr(ecryptfs_inode
);
476 return ecryptfs_write_inode_size_to_header(ecryptfs_inode
);
481 * @file: The eCryptfs file object
482 * @mapping: The eCryptfs object
483 * @pos: The file position
484 * @len: The length of the data (unused)
485 * @copied: The amount of data copied
486 * @page: The eCryptfs page
487 * @fsdata: The fsdata (unused)
489 static int ecryptfs_write_end(struct file
*file
,
490 struct address_space
*mapping
,
491 loff_t pos
, unsigned len
, unsigned copied
,
492 struct page
*page
, void *fsdata
)
494 pgoff_t index
= pos
>> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT
;
495 unsigned from
= pos
& (PAGE_CACHE_SIZE
- 1);
496 unsigned to
= from
+ copied
;
497 struct inode
*ecryptfs_inode
= mapping
->host
;
498 struct ecryptfs_crypt_stat
*crypt_stat
=
499 &ecryptfs_inode_to_private(ecryptfs_inode
)->crypt_stat
;
501 int need_unlock_page
= 1;
503 ecryptfs_printk(KERN_DEBUG
, "Calling fill_zeros_to_end_of_page"
504 "(page w/ index = [0x%.16lx], to = [%d])\n", index
, to
);
505 if (!(crypt_stat
->flags
& ECRYPTFS_ENCRYPTED
)) {
506 rc
= ecryptfs_write_lower_page_segment(ecryptfs_inode
, page
, 0,
510 fsstack_copy_inode_size(ecryptfs_inode
,
511 ecryptfs_inode_to_lower(ecryptfs_inode
));
515 /* Fills in zeros if 'to' goes beyond inode size */
516 rc
= fill_zeros_to_end_of_page(page
, to
);
518 ecryptfs_printk(KERN_WARNING
, "Error attempting to fill "
519 "zeros in page with index = [0x%.16lx]\n", index
);
522 set_page_dirty(page
);
524 need_unlock_page
= 0;
525 if (pos
+ copied
> i_size_read(ecryptfs_inode
)) {
526 i_size_write(ecryptfs_inode
, pos
+ copied
);
527 ecryptfs_printk(KERN_DEBUG
, "Expanded file size to "
529 (unsigned long long)i_size_read(ecryptfs_inode
));
530 balance_dirty_pages_ratelimited(mapping
);
531 rc
= ecryptfs_write_inode_size_to_metadata(ecryptfs_inode
);
533 printk(KERN_ERR
"Error writing inode size to metadata; "
540 if (need_unlock_page
)
542 page_cache_release(page
);
546 static sector_t
ecryptfs_bmap(struct address_space
*mapping
, sector_t block
)
550 struct inode
*lower_inode
;
552 inode
= (struct inode
*)mapping
->host
;
553 lower_inode
= ecryptfs_inode_to_lower(inode
);
554 if (lower_inode
->i_mapping
->a_ops
->bmap
)
555 rc
= lower_inode
->i_mapping
->a_ops
->bmap(lower_inode
->i_mapping
,
560 const struct address_space_operations ecryptfs_aops
= {
561 .writepage
= ecryptfs_writepage
,
562 .readpage
= ecryptfs_readpage
,
563 .write_begin
= ecryptfs_write_begin
,
564 .write_end
= ecryptfs_write_end
,
565 .bmap
= ecryptfs_bmap
,