2 * linux/arch/x86_64/kernel/head.S -- start in 32bit and switch to 64bit
4 * Copyright (C) 2000 Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@suse.de> SuSE
5 * Copyright (C) 2000 Pavel Machek <pavel@suse.cz>
6 * Copyright (C) 2000 Karsten Keil <kkeil@suse.de>
7 * Copyright (C) 2001,2002 Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
8 * Copyright (C) 2005 Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
12 #include <linux/linkage.h>
13 #include <linux/threads.h>
14 #include <linux/init.h>
15 #include <asm/segment.h>
16 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
19 #include <asm/cache.h>
20 #include <asm/processor-flags.h>
21 #include <asm/percpu.h>
23 #ifdef CONFIG_PARAVIRT
24 #include <asm/asm-offsets.h>
25 #include <asm/paravirt.h>
27 #define GET_CR2_INTO_RCX movq %cr2, %rcx
30 /* we are not able to switch in one step to the final KERNEL ADDRESS SPACE
31 * because we need identity-mapped pages.
35 #define pud_index(x) (((x) >> PUD_SHIFT) & (PTRS_PER_PUD-1))
37 L4_PAGE_OFFSET = pgd_index(__PAGE_OFFSET)
38 L3_PAGE_OFFSET = pud_index(__PAGE_OFFSET)
39 L4_START_KERNEL = pgd_index(__START_KERNEL_map)
40 L3_START_KERNEL = pud_index(__START_KERNEL_map)
49 * At this point the CPU runs in 64bit mode CS.L = 1 CS.D = 1,
50 * and someone has loaded an identity mapped page table
51 * for us. These identity mapped page tables map all of the
52 * kernel pages and possibly all of memory.
54 * %esi holds a physical pointer to real_mode_data.
56 * We come here either directly from a 64bit bootloader, or from
57 * arch/x86_64/boot/compressed/head.S.
59 * We only come here initially at boot nothing else comes here.
61 * Since we may be loaded at an address different from what we were
62 * compiled to run at we first fixup the physical addresses in our page
63 * tables and then reload them.
66 /* Compute the delta between the address I am compiled to run at and the
67 * address I am actually running at.
69 leaq _text(%rip), %rbp
70 subq $_text - __START_KERNEL_map, %rbp
72 /* Is the address not 2M aligned? */
74 andl $~PMD_PAGE_MASK, %eax
78 /* Is the address too large? */
79 leaq _text(%rip), %rdx
80 movq $PGDIR_SIZE, %rax
84 /* Fixup the physical addresses in the page table
86 addq %rbp, init_level4_pgt + 0(%rip)
87 addq %rbp, init_level4_pgt + (L4_PAGE_OFFSET*8)(%rip)
88 addq %rbp, init_level4_pgt + (L4_START_KERNEL*8)(%rip)
90 addq %rbp, level3_ident_pgt + 0(%rip)
92 addq %rbp, level3_kernel_pgt + (510*8)(%rip)
93 addq %rbp, level3_kernel_pgt + (511*8)(%rip)
95 addq %rbp, level2_fixmap_pgt + (506*8)(%rip)
97 /* Add an Identity mapping if I am above 1G */
98 leaq _text(%rip), %rdi
99 andq $PMD_PAGE_MASK, %rdi
102 shrq $PUD_SHIFT, %rax
103 andq $(PTRS_PER_PUD - 1), %rax
106 leaq (level2_spare_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _KERNPG_TABLE)(%rbp), %rdx
107 leaq level3_ident_pgt(%rip), %rbx
108 movq %rdx, 0(%rbx, %rax, 8)
111 shrq $PMD_SHIFT, %rax
112 andq $(PTRS_PER_PMD - 1), %rax
113 leaq __PAGE_KERNEL_IDENT_LARGE_EXEC(%rdi), %rdx
114 leaq level2_spare_pgt(%rip), %rbx
115 movq %rdx, 0(%rbx, %rax, 8)
119 * Fixup the kernel text+data virtual addresses. Note that
120 * we might write invalid pmds, when the kernel is relocated
121 * cleanup_highmap() fixes this up along with the mappings
125 leaq level2_kernel_pgt(%rip), %rdi
127 /* See if it is a valid page table entry */
131 /* Go to the next page */
136 /* Fixup phys_base */
137 addq %rbp, phys_base(%rip)
139 /* Fixup trampoline */
140 addq %rbp, trampoline_level4_pgt + 0(%rip)
141 addq %rbp, trampoline_level4_pgt + (511*8)(%rip)
143 /* Due to ENTRY(), sometimes the empty space gets filled with
144 * zeros. Better take a jmp than relying on empty space being
145 * filled with 0x90 (nop)
147 jmp secondary_startup_64
148 ENTRY(secondary_startup_64)
150 * At this point the CPU runs in 64bit mode CS.L = 1 CS.D = 1,
151 * and someone has loaded a mapped page table.
153 * %esi holds a physical pointer to real_mode_data.
155 * We come here either from startup_64 (using physical addresses)
156 * or from trampoline.S (using virtual addresses).
158 * Using virtual addresses from trampoline.S removes the need
159 * to have any identity mapped pages in the kernel page table
160 * after the boot processor executes this code.
163 /* Enable PAE mode and PGE */
164 movl $(X86_CR4_PAE | X86_CR4_PGE), %eax
167 /* Setup early boot stage 4 level pagetables. */
168 movq $(init_level4_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map), %rax
169 addq phys_base(%rip), %rax
172 /* Ensure I am executing from virtual addresses */
177 /* Check if nx is implemented */
178 movl $0x80000001, %eax
182 /* Setup EFER (Extended Feature Enable Register) */
185 btsl $_EFER_SCE, %eax /* Enable System Call */
186 btl $20,%edi /* No Execute supported? */
189 1: wrmsr /* Make changes effective */
192 #define CR0_STATE (X86_CR0_PE | X86_CR0_MP | X86_CR0_ET | \
193 X86_CR0_NE | X86_CR0_WP | X86_CR0_AM | \
195 movl $CR0_STATE, %eax
196 /* Make changes effective */
199 /* Setup a boot time stack */
200 movq stack_start(%rip),%rsp
202 /* zero EFLAGS after setting rsp */
207 * We must switch to a new descriptor in kernel space for the GDT
208 * because soon the kernel won't have access anymore to the userspace
209 * addresses where we're currently running on. We have to do that here
210 * because in 32bit we couldn't load a 64bit linear address.
212 lgdt early_gdt_descr(%rip)
214 /* set up data segments */
221 * We don't really need to load %fs or %gs, but load them anyway
222 * to kill any stale realmode selectors. This allows execution
230 * The base of %gs always points to the bottom of the irqstack
231 * union. If the stack protector canary is enabled, it is
232 * located at %gs:40. Note that, on SMP, the boot cpu uses
233 * init data section till per cpu areas are set up.
235 movl $MSR_GS_BASE,%ecx
236 movl initial_gs(%rip),%eax
237 movl initial_gs+4(%rip),%edx
240 /* esi is pointer to real mode structure with interesting info.
244 /* Finally jump to run C code and to be on real kernel address
245 * Since we are running on identity-mapped space we have to jump
246 * to the full 64bit address, this is only possible as indirect
247 * jump. In addition we need to ensure %cs is set so we make this
250 movq initial_code(%rip),%rax
251 pushq $0 # fake return address to stop unwinder
252 pushq $__KERNEL_CS # set correct cs
253 pushq %rax # target address in negative space
256 /* SMP bootup changes these two */
260 .quad x86_64_start_kernel
262 .quad INIT_PER_CPU_VAR(irq_stack_union)
265 .quad init_thread_union+THREAD_SIZE-8
272 .section ".init.text","ax"
273 #ifdef CONFIG_EARLY_PRINTK
274 .globl early_idt_handlers
277 .rept NUM_EXCEPTION_VECTORS
279 jmp early_idt_handler
284 ENTRY(early_idt_handler)
285 #ifdef CONFIG_EARLY_PRINTK
286 cmpl $2,early_recursion_flag(%rip)
288 incl early_recursion_flag(%rip)
291 xorl %r8d,%r8d # zero for error code
292 movl %esi,%ecx # get vector number
293 # Test %ecx against mask of vectors that push error code.
300 popq %r8 # get error code
301 0: movq 0(%rsp),%rcx # get ip
302 movq 8(%rsp),%rdx # get cs
304 leaq early_idt_msg(%rip),%rdi
306 cmpl $2,early_recursion_flag(%rip)
309 #ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS
310 leaq early_idt_ripmsg(%rip),%rdi
311 movq 0(%rsp),%rsi # get rip again
314 #endif /* EARLY_PRINTK */
318 #ifdef CONFIG_EARLY_PRINTK
319 early_recursion_flag:
323 .asciz "PANIC: early exception %02lx rip %lx:%lx error %lx cr2 %lx\n"
326 #endif /* CONFIG_EARLY_PRINTK */
329 #define NEXT_PAGE(name) \
333 /* Automate the creation of 1 to 1 mapping pmd entries */
334 #define PMDS(START, PERM, COUNT) \
337 .quad (START) + (i << PMD_SHIFT) + (PERM) ; \
343 * This default setting generates an ident mapping at address 0x100000
344 * and a mapping for the kernel that precisely maps virtual address
345 * 0xffffffff80000000 to physical address 0x000000. (always using
346 * 2Mbyte large pages provided by PAE mode)
348 NEXT_PAGE(init_level4_pgt)
349 .quad level3_ident_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _KERNPG_TABLE
350 .org init_level4_pgt + L4_PAGE_OFFSET*8, 0
351 .quad level3_ident_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _KERNPG_TABLE
352 .org init_level4_pgt + L4_START_KERNEL*8, 0
353 /* (2^48-(2*1024*1024*1024))/(2^39) = 511 */
354 .quad level3_kernel_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _PAGE_TABLE
356 NEXT_PAGE(level3_ident_pgt)
357 .quad level2_ident_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _KERNPG_TABLE
360 NEXT_PAGE(level3_kernel_pgt)
361 .fill L3_START_KERNEL,8,0
362 /* (2^48-(2*1024*1024*1024)-((2^39)*511))/(2^30) = 510 */
363 .quad level2_kernel_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _KERNPG_TABLE
364 .quad level2_fixmap_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _PAGE_TABLE
366 NEXT_PAGE(level2_fixmap_pgt)
368 .quad level1_fixmap_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _PAGE_TABLE
369 /* 8MB reserved for vsyscalls + a 2MB hole = 4 + 1 entries */
372 NEXT_PAGE(level1_fixmap_pgt)
375 NEXT_PAGE(level2_ident_pgt)
376 /* Since I easily can, map the first 1G.
377 * Don't set NX because code runs from these pages.
379 PMDS(0, __PAGE_KERNEL_IDENT_LARGE_EXEC, PTRS_PER_PMD)
381 NEXT_PAGE(level2_kernel_pgt)
383 * 512 MB kernel mapping. We spend a full page on this pagetable
386 * The kernel code+data+bss must not be bigger than that.
388 * (NOTE: at +512MB starts the module area, see MODULES_VADDR.
389 * If you want to increase this then increase MODULES_VADDR
392 PMDS(0, __PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE_EXEC,
393 KERNEL_IMAGE_SIZE/PMD_SIZE)
395 NEXT_PAGE(level2_spare_pgt)
403 .globl early_gdt_descr
405 .word GDT_ENTRIES*8-1
406 early_gdt_descr_base:
407 .quad INIT_PER_CPU_VAR(gdt_page)
410 /* This must match the first entry in level2_kernel_pgt */
411 .quad 0x0000000000000000
413 #include "../../x86/xen/xen-head.S"
415 .section .bss, "aw", @nobits
416 .align L1_CACHE_BYTES
418 .skip IDT_ENTRIES * 16
420 .align L1_CACHE_BYTES
422 .skip IDT_ENTRIES * 16
426 ENTRY(empty_zero_page)