Fix O_APPEND for Linux 3.15 and older kernels

[zfs.git] / module / os / linux / zfs / zfs_ctldir.c

/*
 * CDDL HEADER START
 *
 * The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the
 * Common Development and Distribution License (the "License").
 * You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 *
 * You can obtain a copy of the license at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE
 * or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions
 * and limitations under the License.
 *
 * When distributing Covered Code, include this CDDL HEADER in each
 * file and include the License file at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE.
 * If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the
 * fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying
 * information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
 *
 * CDDL HEADER END
 */
/*
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2005, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * Copyright (C) 2011 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC.
 * Produced at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (cf, DISCLAIMER).
 * LLNL-CODE-403049.
 * Rewritten for Linux by:
 *   Rohan Puri <rohan.puri15@gmail.com>
 *   Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
 * Copyright (c) 2013 by Delphix. All rights reserved.
 * Copyright 2015, OmniTI Computer Consulting, Inc. All rights reserved.
 * Copyright (c) 2018 George Melikov. All Rights Reserved.
 * Copyright (c) 2019 Datto, Inc. All rights reserved.
 * Copyright (c) 2020 The MathWorks, Inc. All rights reserved.
 */

/*
 * ZFS control directory (a.k.a. ".zfs")
 *
 * This directory provides a common location for all ZFS meta-objects.
 * Currently, this is only the 'snapshot' and 'shares' directory, but this may
 * expand in the future.  The elements are built dynamically, as the hierarchy
 * does not actually exist on disk.
 *
 * For 'snapshot', we don't want to have all snapshots always mounted, because
 * this would take up a huge amount of space in /etc/mnttab.  We have three
 * types of objects:
 *
 *      ctldir ------> snapshotdir -------> snapshot
 *                                             |
 *                                             |
 *                                             V
 *                                         mounted fs
 *
 * The 'snapshot' node contains just enough information to lookup '..' and act
 * as a mountpoint for the snapshot.  Whenever we lookup a specific snapshot, we
 * perform an automount of the underlying filesystem and return the
 * corresponding inode.
 *
 * All mounts are handled automatically by an user mode helper which invokes
 * the mount procedure.  Unmounts are handled by allowing the mount
 * point to expire so the kernel may automatically unmount it.
 *
 * The '.zfs', '.zfs/snapshot', and all directories created under
 * '.zfs/snapshot' (ie: '.zfs/snapshot/<snapname>') all share the same
 * zfsvfs_t as the head filesystem (what '.zfs' lives under).
 *
 * File systems mounted on top of the '.zfs/snapshot/<snapname>' paths
 * (ie: snapshots) are complete ZFS filesystems and have their own unique
 * zfsvfs_t.  However, the fsid reported by these mounts will be the same
 * as that used by the parent zfsvfs_t to make NFS happy.
 */

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/sysmacros.h>
#include <sys/pathname.h>
#include <sys/vfs.h>
#include <sys/zfs_ctldir.h>
#include <sys/zfs_ioctl.h>
#include <sys/zfs_vfsops.h>
#include <sys/zfs_vnops.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/dmu.h>
#include <sys/dmu_objset.h>
#include <sys/dsl_destroy.h>
#include <sys/dsl_deleg.h>
#include <sys/zpl.h>
#include <sys/mntent.h>
#include "zfs_namecheck.h"

/*
 * Two AVL trees are maintained which contain all currently automounted
 * snapshots.  Every automounted snapshots maps to a single zfs_snapentry_t
 * entry which MUST:
 *
 *   - be attached to both trees, and
 *   - be unique, no duplicate entries are allowed.
 *
 * The zfs_snapshots_by_name tree is indexed by the full dataset name
 * while the zfs_snapshots_by_objsetid tree is indexed by the unique
 * objsetid.  This allows for fast lookups either by name or objsetid.
 */
static avl_tree_t zfs_snapshots_by_name;
static avl_tree_t zfs_snapshots_by_objsetid;
static krwlock_t zfs_snapshot_lock;

/*
 * Control Directory Tunables (.zfs)
 */
int zfs_expire_snapshot = ZFSCTL_EXPIRE_SNAPSHOT;
static int zfs_admin_snapshot = 0;

typedef struct {
        char            *se_name;       /* full snapshot name */
        char            *se_path;       /* full mount path */
        spa_t           *se_spa;        /* pool spa */
        uint64_t        se_objsetid;    /* snapshot objset id */
        struct dentry   *se_root_dentry; /* snapshot root dentry */
        krwlock_t       se_taskqid_lock;  /* scheduled unmount taskqid lock */
        taskqid_t       se_taskqid;     /* scheduled unmount taskqid */
        avl_node_t      se_node_name;   /* zfs_snapshots_by_name link */
        avl_node_t      se_node_objsetid; /* zfs_snapshots_by_objsetid link */
        zfs_refcount_t  se_refcount;    /* reference count */
} zfs_snapentry_t;

static void zfsctl_snapshot_unmount_delay_impl(zfs_snapentry_t *se, int delay);

/*
 * Allocate a new zfs_snapentry_t being careful to make a copy of the
 * the snapshot name and provided mount point.  No reference is taken.
 */
static zfs_snapentry_t *
zfsctl_snapshot_alloc(const char *full_name, const char *full_path, spa_t *spa,
    uint64_t objsetid, struct dentry *root_dentry)
{
        zfs_snapentry_t *se;

        se = kmem_zalloc(sizeof (zfs_snapentry_t), KM_SLEEP);

        se->se_name = kmem_strdup(full_name);
        se->se_path = kmem_strdup(full_path);
        se->se_spa = spa;
        se->se_objsetid = objsetid;
        se->se_root_dentry = root_dentry;
        se->se_taskqid = TASKQID_INVALID;
        rw_init(&se->se_taskqid_lock, NULL, RW_DEFAULT, NULL);

        zfs_refcount_create(&se->se_refcount);

        return (se);
}

/*
 * Free a zfs_snapentry_t the caller must ensure there are no active
 * references.
 */
static void
zfsctl_snapshot_free(zfs_snapentry_t *se)
{
        zfs_refcount_destroy(&se->se_refcount);
        kmem_strfree(se->se_name);
        kmem_strfree(se->se_path);
        rw_destroy(&se->se_taskqid_lock);

        kmem_free(se, sizeof (zfs_snapentry_t));
}

/*
 * Hold a reference on the zfs_snapentry_t.
 */
static void
zfsctl_snapshot_hold(zfs_snapentry_t *se)
{
        zfs_refcount_add(&se->se_refcount, NULL);
}

/*
 * Release a reference on the zfs_snapentry_t.  When the number of
 * references drops to zero the structure will be freed.
 */
static void
zfsctl_snapshot_rele(zfs_snapentry_t *se)
{
        if (zfs_refcount_remove(&se->se_refcount, NULL) == 0)
                zfsctl_snapshot_free(se);
}

/*
 * Add a zfs_snapentry_t to both the zfs_snapshots_by_name and
 * zfs_snapshots_by_objsetid trees.  While the zfs_snapentry_t is part
 * of the trees a reference is held.
 */
static void
zfsctl_snapshot_add(zfs_snapentry_t *se)
{
        ASSERT(RW_WRITE_HELD(&zfs_snapshot_lock));
        zfsctl_snapshot_hold(se);
        avl_add(&zfs_snapshots_by_name, se);
        avl_add(&zfs_snapshots_by_objsetid, se);
}

/*
 * Remove a zfs_snapentry_t from both the zfs_snapshots_by_name and
 * zfs_snapshots_by_objsetid trees.  Upon removal a reference is dropped,
 * this can result in the structure being freed if that was the last
 * remaining reference.
 */
static void
zfsctl_snapshot_remove(zfs_snapentry_t *se)
{
        ASSERT(RW_WRITE_HELD(&zfs_snapshot_lock));
        avl_remove(&zfs_snapshots_by_name, se);
        avl_remove(&zfs_snapshots_by_objsetid, se);
        zfsctl_snapshot_rele(se);
}

/*
 * Snapshot name comparison function for the zfs_snapshots_by_name.
 */
static int
snapentry_compare_by_name(const void *a, const void *b)
{
        const zfs_snapentry_t *se_a = a;
        const zfs_snapentry_t *se_b = b;
        int ret;

        ret = strcmp(se_a->se_name, se_b->se_name);

        if (ret < 0)
                return (-1);
        else if (ret > 0)
                return (1);
        else
                return (0);
}

/*
 * Snapshot name comparison function for the zfs_snapshots_by_objsetid.
 */
static int
snapentry_compare_by_objsetid(const void *a, const void *b)
{
        const zfs_snapentry_t *se_a = a;
        const zfs_snapentry_t *se_b = b;

        if (se_a->se_spa != se_b->se_spa)
                return ((ulong_t)se_a->se_spa < (ulong_t)se_b->se_spa ? -1 : 1);

        if (se_a->se_objsetid < se_b->se_objsetid)
                return (-1);
        else if (se_a->se_objsetid > se_b->se_objsetid)
                return (1);
        else
                return (0);
}

/*
 * Find a zfs_snapentry_t in zfs_snapshots_by_name.  If the snapname
 * is found a pointer to the zfs_snapentry_t is returned and a reference
 * taken on the structure.  The caller is responsible for dropping the
 * reference with zfsctl_snapshot_rele().  If the snapname is not found
 * NULL will be returned.
 */
static zfs_snapentry_t *
zfsctl_snapshot_find_by_name(const char *snapname)
{
        zfs_snapentry_t *se, search;

        ASSERT(RW_LOCK_HELD(&zfs_snapshot_lock));

        search.se_name = (char *)snapname;
        se = avl_find(&zfs_snapshots_by_name, &search, NULL);
        if (se)
                zfsctl_snapshot_hold(se);

        return (se);
}

/*
 * Find a zfs_snapentry_t in zfs_snapshots_by_objsetid given the objset id
 * rather than the snapname.  In all other respects it behaves the same
 * as zfsctl_snapshot_find_by_name().
 */
static zfs_snapentry_t *
zfsctl_snapshot_find_by_objsetid(spa_t *spa, uint64_t objsetid)
{
        zfs_snapentry_t *se, search;

        ASSERT(RW_LOCK_HELD(&zfs_snapshot_lock));

        search.se_spa = spa;
        search.se_objsetid = objsetid;
        se = avl_find(&zfs_snapshots_by_objsetid, &search, NULL);
        if (se)
                zfsctl_snapshot_hold(se);

        return (se);
}

/*
 * Rename a zfs_snapentry_t in the zfs_snapshots_by_name.  The structure is
 * removed, renamed, and added back to the new correct location in the tree.
 */
static int
zfsctl_snapshot_rename(const char *old_snapname, const char *new_snapname)
{
        zfs_snapentry_t *se;

        ASSERT(RW_WRITE_HELD(&zfs_snapshot_lock));

        se = zfsctl_snapshot_find_by_name(old_snapname);
        if (se == NULL)
                return (SET_ERROR(ENOENT));

        zfsctl_snapshot_remove(se);
        kmem_strfree(se->se_name);
        se->se_name = kmem_strdup(new_snapname);
        zfsctl_snapshot_add(se);
        zfsctl_snapshot_rele(se);

        return (0);
}

/*
 * Delayed task responsible for unmounting an expired automounted snapshot.
 */
static void
snapentry_expire(void *data)
{
        zfs_snapentry_t *se = (zfs_snapentry_t *)data;
        spa_t *spa = se->se_spa;
        uint64_t objsetid = se->se_objsetid;

        if (zfs_expire_snapshot <= 0) {
                zfsctl_snapshot_rele(se);
                return;
        }

        rw_enter(&se->se_taskqid_lock, RW_WRITER);
        se->se_taskqid = TASKQID_INVALID;
        rw_exit(&se->se_taskqid_lock);
        (void) zfsctl_snapshot_unmount(se->se_name, MNT_EXPIRE);
        zfsctl_snapshot_rele(se);

        /*
         * Reschedule the unmount if the zfs_snapentry_t wasn't removed.
         * This can occur when the snapshot is busy.
         */
        rw_enter(&zfs_snapshot_lock, RW_READER);
        if ((se = zfsctl_snapshot_find_by_objsetid(spa, objsetid)) != NULL) {
                zfsctl_snapshot_unmount_delay_impl(se, zfs_expire_snapshot);
                zfsctl_snapshot_rele(se);
        }
        rw_exit(&zfs_snapshot_lock);
}

/*
 * Cancel an automatic unmount of a snapname.  This callback is responsible
 * for dropping the reference on the zfs_snapentry_t which was taken when
 * during dispatch.
 */
static void
zfsctl_snapshot_unmount_cancel(zfs_snapentry_t *se)
{
        int err = 0;
        rw_enter(&se->se_taskqid_lock, RW_WRITER);
        err = taskq_cancel_id(system_delay_taskq, se->se_taskqid);
        /*
         * if we get ENOENT, the taskq couldn't be found to be
         * canceled, so we can just mark it as invalid because
         * it's already gone. If we got EBUSY, then we already
         * blocked until it was gone _anyway_, so we don't care.
         */
        se->se_taskqid = TASKQID_INVALID;
        rw_exit(&se->se_taskqid_lock);
        if (err == 0) {
                zfsctl_snapshot_rele(se);
        }
}

/*
 * Dispatch the unmount task for delayed handling with a hold protecting it.
 */
static void
zfsctl_snapshot_unmount_delay_impl(zfs_snapentry_t *se, int delay)
{

        if (delay <= 0)
                return;

        zfsctl_snapshot_hold(se);
        rw_enter(&se->se_taskqid_lock, RW_WRITER);
        ASSERT3S(se->se_taskqid, ==, TASKQID_INVALID);
        se->se_taskqid = taskq_dispatch_delay(system_delay_taskq,
            snapentry_expire, se, TQ_SLEEP, ddi_get_lbolt() + delay * HZ);
        rw_exit(&se->se_taskqid_lock);
}

/*
 * Schedule an automatic unmount of objset id to occur in delay seconds from
 * now.  Any previous delayed unmount will be cancelled in favor of the
 * updated deadline.  A reference is taken by zfsctl_snapshot_find_by_name()
 * and held until the outstanding task is handled or cancelled.
 */
int
zfsctl_snapshot_unmount_delay(spa_t *spa, uint64_t objsetid, int delay)
{
        zfs_snapentry_t *se;
        int error = ENOENT;

        rw_enter(&zfs_snapshot_lock, RW_READER);
        if ((se = zfsctl_snapshot_find_by_objsetid(spa, objsetid)) != NULL) {
                zfsctl_snapshot_unmount_cancel(se);
                zfsctl_snapshot_unmount_delay_impl(se, delay);
                zfsctl_snapshot_rele(se);
                error = 0;
        }
        rw_exit(&zfs_snapshot_lock);

        return (error);
}

/*
 * Check if snapname is currently mounted.  Returned non-zero when mounted
 * and zero when unmounted.
 */
static boolean_t
zfsctl_snapshot_ismounted(const char *snapname)
{
        zfs_snapentry_t *se;
        boolean_t ismounted = B_FALSE;

        rw_enter(&zfs_snapshot_lock, RW_READER);
        if ((se = zfsctl_snapshot_find_by_name(snapname)) != NULL) {
                zfsctl_snapshot_rele(se);
                ismounted = B_TRUE;
        }
        rw_exit(&zfs_snapshot_lock);

        return (ismounted);
}

/*
 * Check if the given inode is a part of the virtual .zfs directory.
 */
boolean_t
zfsctl_is_node(struct inode *ip)
{
        return (ITOZ(ip)->z_is_ctldir);
}

/*
 * Check if the given inode is a .zfs/snapshots/snapname directory.
 */
boolean_t
zfsctl_is_snapdir(struct inode *ip)
{
        return (zfsctl_is_node(ip) && (ip->i_ino <= ZFSCTL_INO_SNAPDIRS));
}

/*
 * Allocate a new inode with the passed id and ops.
 */
static struct inode *
zfsctl_inode_alloc(zfsvfs_t *zfsvfs, uint64_t id,
    const struct file_operations *fops, const struct inode_operations *ops)
{
        inode_timespec_t now;
        struct inode *ip;
        znode_t *zp;

        ip = new_inode(zfsvfs->z_sb);
        if (ip == NULL)
                return (NULL);

        now = current_time(ip);
        zp = ITOZ(ip);
        ASSERT3P(zp->z_dirlocks, ==, NULL);
        ASSERT3P(zp->z_acl_cached, ==, NULL);
        ASSERT3P(zp->z_xattr_cached, ==, NULL);
        zp->z_id = id;
        zp->z_unlinked = B_FALSE;
        zp->z_atime_dirty = B_FALSE;
        zp->z_zn_prefetch = B_FALSE;
        zp->z_is_sa = B_FALSE;
        zp->z_is_mapped = B_FALSE;
        zp->z_is_ctldir = B_TRUE;
        zp->z_is_stale = B_FALSE;
        zp->z_sa_hdl = NULL;
        zp->z_blksz = 0;
        zp->z_seq = 0;
        zp->z_mapcnt = 0;
        zp->z_size = 0;
        zp->z_pflags = 0;
        zp->z_mode = 0;
        zp->z_sync_cnt = 0;
        ip->i_generation = 0;
        ip->i_ino = id;
        ip->i_mode = (S_IFDIR | S_IRWXUGO);
        ip->i_uid = SUID_TO_KUID(0);
        ip->i_gid = SGID_TO_KGID(0);
        ip->i_blkbits = SPA_MINBLOCKSHIFT;
        ip->i_atime = now;
        ip->i_mtime = now;
        ip->i_ctime = now;
        ip->i_fop = fops;
        ip->i_op = ops;
#if defined(IOP_XATTR)
        ip->i_opflags &= ~IOP_XATTR;
#endif

        if (insert_inode_locked(ip)) {
                unlock_new_inode(ip);
                iput(ip);
                return (NULL);
        }

        mutex_enter(&zfsvfs->z_znodes_lock);
        list_insert_tail(&zfsvfs->z_all_znodes, zp);
        zfsvfs->z_nr_znodes++;
        membar_producer();
        mutex_exit(&zfsvfs->z_znodes_lock);

        unlock_new_inode(ip);

        return (ip);
}

/*
 * Lookup the inode with given id, it will be allocated if needed.
 */
static struct inode *
zfsctl_inode_lookup(zfsvfs_t *zfsvfs, uint64_t id,
    const struct file_operations *fops, const struct inode_operations *ops)
{
        struct inode *ip = NULL;

        while (ip == NULL) {
                ip = ilookup(zfsvfs->z_sb, (unsigned long)id);
                if (ip)
                        break;

                /* May fail due to concurrent zfsctl_inode_alloc() */
                ip = zfsctl_inode_alloc(zfsvfs, id, fops, ops);
        }

        return (ip);
}

/*
 * Create the '.zfs' directory.  This directory is cached as part of the VFS
 * structure.  This results in a hold on the zfsvfs_t.  The code in zfs_umount()
 * therefore checks against a vfs_count of 2 instead of 1.  This reference
 * is removed when the ctldir is destroyed in the unmount.  All other entities
 * under the '.zfs' directory are created dynamically as needed.
 *
 * Because the dynamically created '.zfs' directory entries assume the use
 * of 64-bit inode numbers this support must be disabled on 32-bit systems.
 */
int
zfsctl_create(zfsvfs_t *zfsvfs)
{
        ASSERT(zfsvfs->z_ctldir == NULL);

        zfsvfs->z_ctldir = zfsctl_inode_alloc(zfsvfs, ZFSCTL_INO_ROOT,
            &zpl_fops_root, &zpl_ops_root);
        if (zfsvfs->z_ctldir == NULL)
                return (SET_ERROR(ENOENT));

        return (0);
}

/*
 * Destroy the '.zfs' directory or remove a snapshot from zfs_snapshots_by_name.
 * Only called when the filesystem is unmounted.
 */
void
zfsctl_destroy(zfsvfs_t *zfsvfs)
{
        if (zfsvfs->z_issnap) {
                zfs_snapentry_t *se;
                spa_t *spa = zfsvfs->z_os->os_spa;
                uint64_t objsetid = dmu_objset_id(zfsvfs->z_os);

                rw_enter(&zfs_snapshot_lock, RW_WRITER);
                se = zfsctl_snapshot_find_by_objsetid(spa, objsetid);
                if (se != NULL)
                        zfsctl_snapshot_remove(se);
                rw_exit(&zfs_snapshot_lock);
                if (se != NULL) {
                        zfsctl_snapshot_unmount_cancel(se);
                        zfsctl_snapshot_rele(se);
                }
        } else if (zfsvfs->z_ctldir) {
                iput(zfsvfs->z_ctldir);
                zfsvfs->z_ctldir = NULL;
        }
}

/*
 * Given a root znode, retrieve the associated .zfs directory.
 * Add a hold to the vnode and return it.
 */
struct inode *
zfsctl_root(znode_t *zp)
{
        ASSERT(zfs_has_ctldir(zp));
        /* Must have an existing ref, so igrab() cannot return NULL */
        VERIFY3P(igrab(ZTOZSB(zp)->z_ctldir), !=, NULL);
        return (ZTOZSB(zp)->z_ctldir);
}

/*
 * Generate a long fid to indicate a snapdir. We encode whether snapdir is
 * already mounted in gen field. We do this because nfsd lookup will not
 * trigger automount. Next time the nfsd does fh_to_dentry, we will notice
 * this and do automount and return ESTALE to force nfsd revalidate and follow
 * mount.
 */
static int
zfsctl_snapdir_fid(struct inode *ip, fid_t *fidp)
{
        zfid_short_t *zfid = (zfid_short_t *)fidp;
        zfid_long_t *zlfid = (zfid_long_t *)fidp;
        uint32_t gen = 0;
        uint64_t object;
        uint64_t objsetid;
        int i;
        struct dentry *dentry;

        if (fidp->fid_len < LONG_FID_LEN) {
                fidp->fid_len = LONG_FID_LEN;
                return (SET_ERROR(ENOSPC));
        }

        object = ip->i_ino;
        objsetid = ZFSCTL_INO_SNAPDIRS - ip->i_ino;
        zfid->zf_len = LONG_FID_LEN;

        dentry = d_obtain_alias(igrab(ip));
        if (!IS_ERR(dentry)) {
                gen = !!d_mountpoint(dentry);
                dput(dentry);
        }

        for (i = 0; i < sizeof (zfid->zf_object); i++)
                zfid->zf_object[i] = (uint8_t)(object >> (8 * i));

        for (i = 0; i < sizeof (zfid->zf_gen); i++)
                zfid->zf_gen[i] = (uint8_t)(gen >> (8 * i));

        for (i = 0; i < sizeof (zlfid->zf_setid); i++)
                zlfid->zf_setid[i] = (uint8_t)(objsetid >> (8 * i));

        for (i = 0; i < sizeof (zlfid->zf_setgen); i++)
                zlfid->zf_setgen[i] = 0;

        return (0);
}

/*
 * Generate an appropriate fid for an entry in the .zfs directory.
 */
int
zfsctl_fid(struct inode *ip, fid_t *fidp)
{
        znode_t         *zp = ITOZ(ip);
        zfsvfs_t        *zfsvfs = ITOZSB(ip);
        uint64_t        object = zp->z_id;
        zfid_short_t    *zfid;
        int             i;

        ZFS_ENTER(zfsvfs);

        if (zfsctl_is_snapdir(ip)) {
                ZFS_EXIT(zfsvfs);
                return (zfsctl_snapdir_fid(ip, fidp));
        }

        if (fidp->fid_len < SHORT_FID_LEN) {
                fidp->fid_len = SHORT_FID_LEN;
                ZFS_EXIT(zfsvfs);
                return (SET_ERROR(ENOSPC));
        }

        zfid = (zfid_short_t *)fidp;

        zfid->zf_len = SHORT_FID_LEN;

        for (i = 0; i < sizeof (zfid->zf_object); i++)
                zfid->zf_object[i] = (uint8_t)(object >> (8 * i));

        /* .zfs znodes always have a generation number of 0 */
        for (i = 0; i < sizeof (zfid->zf_gen); i++)
                zfid->zf_gen[i] = 0;

        ZFS_EXIT(zfsvfs);
        return (0);
}

/*
 * Construct a full dataset name in full_name: "pool/dataset@snap_name"
 */
static int
zfsctl_snapshot_name(zfsvfs_t *zfsvfs, const char *snap_name, int len,
    char *full_name)
{
        objset_t *os = zfsvfs->z_os;

        if (zfs_component_namecheck(snap_name, NULL, NULL) != 0)
                return (SET_ERROR(EILSEQ));

        dmu_objset_name(os, full_name);
        if ((strlen(full_name) + 1 + strlen(snap_name)) >= len)
                return (SET_ERROR(ENAMETOOLONG));

        (void) strcat(full_name, "@");
        (void) strcat(full_name, snap_name);

        return (0);
}

/*
 * Returns full path in full_path: "/pool/dataset/.zfs/snapshot/snap_name/"
 */
static int
zfsctl_snapshot_path_objset(zfsvfs_t *zfsvfs, uint64_t objsetid,
    int path_len, char *full_path)
{
        objset_t *os = zfsvfs->z_os;
        fstrans_cookie_t cookie;
        char *snapname;
        boolean_t case_conflict;
        uint64_t id, pos = 0;
        int error = 0;

        if (zfsvfs->z_vfs->vfs_mntpoint == NULL)
                return (SET_ERROR(ENOENT));

        cookie = spl_fstrans_mark();
        snapname = kmem_alloc(ZFS_MAX_DATASET_NAME_LEN, KM_SLEEP);

        while (error == 0) {
                dsl_pool_config_enter(dmu_objset_pool(os), FTAG);
                error = dmu_snapshot_list_next(zfsvfs->z_os,
                    ZFS_MAX_DATASET_NAME_LEN, snapname, &id, &pos,
                    &case_conflict);
                dsl_pool_config_exit(dmu_objset_pool(os), FTAG);
                if (error)
                        goto out;

                if (id == objsetid)
                        break;
        }

        snprintf(full_path, path_len, "%s/.zfs/snapshot/%s",
            zfsvfs->z_vfs->vfs_mntpoint, snapname);
out:
        kmem_free(snapname, ZFS_MAX_DATASET_NAME_LEN);
        spl_fstrans_unmark(cookie);

        return (error);
}

/*
 * Special case the handling of "..".
 */
int
zfsctl_root_lookup(struct inode *dip, const char *name, struct inode **ipp,
    int flags, cred_t *cr, int *direntflags, pathname_t *realpnp)
{
        zfsvfs_t *zfsvfs = ITOZSB(dip);
        int error = 0;

        ZFS_ENTER(zfsvfs);

        if (strcmp(name, "..") == 0) {
                *ipp = dip->i_sb->s_root->d_inode;
        } else if (strcmp(name, ZFS_SNAPDIR_NAME) == 0) {
                *ipp = zfsctl_inode_lookup(zfsvfs, ZFSCTL_INO_SNAPDIR,
                    &zpl_fops_snapdir, &zpl_ops_snapdir);
        } else if (strcmp(name, ZFS_SHAREDIR_NAME) == 0) {
                *ipp = zfsctl_inode_lookup(zfsvfs, ZFSCTL_INO_SHARES,
                    &zpl_fops_shares, &zpl_ops_shares);
        } else {
                *ipp = NULL;
        }

        if (*ipp == NULL)
                error = SET_ERROR(ENOENT);

        ZFS_EXIT(zfsvfs);

        return (error);
}

/*
 * Lookup entry point for the 'snapshot' directory.  Try to open the
 * snapshot if it exist, creating the pseudo filesystem inode as necessary.
 */
int
zfsctl_snapdir_lookup(struct inode *dip, const char *name, struct inode **ipp,
    int flags, cred_t *cr, int *direntflags, pathname_t *realpnp)
{
        zfsvfs_t *zfsvfs = ITOZSB(dip);
        uint64_t id;
        int error;

        ZFS_ENTER(zfsvfs);

        error = dmu_snapshot_lookup(zfsvfs->z_os, name, &id);
        if (error) {
                ZFS_EXIT(zfsvfs);
                return (error);
        }

        *ipp = zfsctl_inode_lookup(zfsvfs, ZFSCTL_INO_SNAPDIRS - id,
            &simple_dir_operations, &simple_dir_inode_operations);
        if (*ipp == NULL)
                error = SET_ERROR(ENOENT);

        ZFS_EXIT(zfsvfs);

        return (error);
}

/*
 * Renaming a directory under '.zfs/snapshot' will automatically trigger
 * a rename of the snapshot to the new given name.  The rename is confined
 * to the '.zfs/snapshot' directory snapshots cannot be moved elsewhere.
 */
int
zfsctl_snapdir_rename(struct inode *sdip, const char *snm,
    struct inode *tdip, const char *tnm, cred_t *cr, int flags)
{
        zfsvfs_t *zfsvfs = ITOZSB(sdip);
        char *to, *from, *real, *fsname;
        int error;

        if (!zfs_admin_snapshot)
                return (SET_ERROR(EACCES));

        ZFS_ENTER(zfsvfs);

        to = kmem_alloc(ZFS_MAX_DATASET_NAME_LEN, KM_SLEEP);
        from = kmem_alloc(ZFS_MAX_DATASET_NAME_LEN, KM_SLEEP);
        real = kmem_alloc(ZFS_MAX_DATASET_NAME_LEN, KM_SLEEP);
        fsname = kmem_alloc(ZFS_MAX_DATASET_NAME_LEN, KM_SLEEP);

        if (zfsvfs->z_case == ZFS_CASE_INSENSITIVE) {
                error = dmu_snapshot_realname(zfsvfs->z_os, snm, real,
                    ZFS_MAX_DATASET_NAME_LEN, NULL);
                if (error == 0) {
                        snm = real;
                } else if (error != ENOTSUP) {
                        goto out;
                }
        }

        dmu_objset_name(zfsvfs->z_os, fsname);

        error = zfsctl_snapshot_name(ITOZSB(sdip), snm,
            ZFS_MAX_DATASET_NAME_LEN, from);
        if (error == 0)
                error = zfsctl_snapshot_name(ITOZSB(tdip), tnm,
                    ZFS_MAX_DATASET_NAME_LEN, to);
        if (error == 0)
                error = zfs_secpolicy_rename_perms(from, to, cr);
        if (error != 0)
                goto out;

        /*
         * Cannot move snapshots out of the snapdir.
         */
        if (sdip != tdip) {
                error = SET_ERROR(EINVAL);
                goto out;
        }

        /*
         * No-op when names are identical.
         */
        if (strcmp(snm, tnm) == 0) {
                error = 0;
                goto out;
        }

        rw_enter(&zfs_snapshot_lock, RW_WRITER);

        error = dsl_dataset_rename_snapshot(fsname, snm, tnm, B_FALSE);
        if (error == 0)
                (void) zfsctl_snapshot_rename(snm, tnm);

        rw_exit(&zfs_snapshot_lock);
out:
        kmem_free(from, ZFS_MAX_DATASET_NAME_LEN);
        kmem_free(to, ZFS_MAX_DATASET_NAME_LEN);
        kmem_free(real, ZFS_MAX_DATASET_NAME_LEN);
        kmem_free(fsname, ZFS_MAX_DATASET_NAME_LEN);

        ZFS_EXIT(zfsvfs);

        return (error);
}

/*
 * Removing a directory under '.zfs/snapshot' will automatically trigger
 * the removal of the snapshot with the given name.
 */
int
zfsctl_snapdir_remove(struct inode *dip, const char *name, cred_t *cr,
    int flags)
{
        zfsvfs_t *zfsvfs = ITOZSB(dip);
        char *snapname, *real;
        int error;

        if (!zfs_admin_snapshot)
                return (SET_ERROR(EACCES));

        ZFS_ENTER(zfsvfs);

        snapname = kmem_alloc(ZFS_MAX_DATASET_NAME_LEN, KM_SLEEP);
        real = kmem_alloc(ZFS_MAX_DATASET_NAME_LEN, KM_SLEEP);

        if (zfsvfs->z_case == ZFS_CASE_INSENSITIVE) {
                error = dmu_snapshot_realname(zfsvfs->z_os, name, real,
                    ZFS_MAX_DATASET_NAME_LEN, NULL);
                if (error == 0) {
                        name = real;
                } else if (error != ENOTSUP) {
                        goto out;
                }
        }

        error = zfsctl_snapshot_name(ITOZSB(dip), name,
            ZFS_MAX_DATASET_NAME_LEN, snapname);
        if (error == 0)
                error = zfs_secpolicy_destroy_perms(snapname, cr);
        if (error != 0)
                goto out;

        error = zfsctl_snapshot_unmount(snapname, MNT_FORCE);
        if ((error == 0) || (error == ENOENT))
                error = dsl_destroy_snapshot(snapname, B_FALSE);
out:
        kmem_free(snapname, ZFS_MAX_DATASET_NAME_LEN);
        kmem_free(real, ZFS_MAX_DATASET_NAME_LEN);

        ZFS_EXIT(zfsvfs);

        return (error);
}

/*
 * Creating a directory under '.zfs/snapshot' will automatically trigger
 * the creation of a new snapshot with the given name.
 */
int
zfsctl_snapdir_mkdir(struct inode *dip, const char *dirname, vattr_t *vap,
    struct inode **ipp, cred_t *cr, int flags)
{
        zfsvfs_t *zfsvfs = ITOZSB(dip);
        char *dsname;
        int error;

        if (!zfs_admin_snapshot)
                return (SET_ERROR(EACCES));

        dsname = kmem_alloc(ZFS_MAX_DATASET_NAME_LEN, KM_SLEEP);

        if (zfs_component_namecheck(dirname, NULL, NULL) != 0) {
                error = SET_ERROR(EILSEQ);
                goto out;
        }

        dmu_objset_name(zfsvfs->z_os, dsname);

        error = zfs_secpolicy_snapshot_perms(dsname, cr);
        if (error != 0)
                goto out;

        if (error == 0) {
                error = dmu_objset_snapshot_one(dsname, dirname);
                if (error != 0)
                        goto out;

                error = zfsctl_snapdir_lookup(dip, dirname, ipp,
                    0, cr, NULL, NULL);
        }
out:
        kmem_free(dsname, ZFS_MAX_DATASET_NAME_LEN);

        return (error);
}

/*
 * Flush everything out of the kernel's export table and such.
 * This is needed as once the snapshot is used over NFS, its
 * entries in svc_export and svc_expkey caches hold reference
 * to the snapshot mount point. There is no known way of flushing
 * only the entries related to the snapshot.
 */
static void
exportfs_flush(void)
{
        char *argv[] = { "/usr/sbin/exportfs", "-f", NULL };
        char *envp[] = { NULL };

        (void) call_usermodehelper(argv[0], argv, envp, UMH_WAIT_PROC);
}

/*
 * Attempt to unmount a snapshot by making a call to user space.
 * There is no assurance that this can or will succeed, is just a
 * best effort.  In the case where it does fail, perhaps because
 * it's in use, the unmount will fail harmlessly.
 */
int
zfsctl_snapshot_unmount(const char *snapname, int flags)
{
        char *argv[] = { "/usr/bin/env", "umount", "-t", "zfs", "-n", NULL,
            NULL };
        char *envp[] = { NULL };
        zfs_snapentry_t *se;
        int error;

        rw_enter(&zfs_snapshot_lock, RW_READER);
        if ((se = zfsctl_snapshot_find_by_name(snapname)) == NULL) {
                rw_exit(&zfs_snapshot_lock);
                return (SET_ERROR(ENOENT));
        }
        rw_exit(&zfs_snapshot_lock);

        exportfs_flush();

        if (flags & MNT_FORCE)
                argv[4] = "-fn";
        argv[5] = se->se_path;
        dprintf("unmount; path=%s\n", se->se_path);
        error = call_usermodehelper(argv[0], argv, envp, UMH_WAIT_PROC);
        zfsctl_snapshot_rele(se);


        /*
         * The umount system utility will return 256 on error.  We must
         * assume this error is because the file system is busy so it is
         * converted to the more sensible EBUSY.
         */
        if (error)
                error = SET_ERROR(EBUSY);

        return (error);
}

int
zfsctl_snapshot_mount(struct path *path, int flags)
{
        struct dentry *dentry = path->dentry;
        struct inode *ip = dentry->d_inode;
        zfsvfs_t *zfsvfs;
        zfsvfs_t *snap_zfsvfs;
        zfs_snapentry_t *se;
        char *full_name, *full_path;
        char *argv[] = { "/usr/bin/env", "mount", "-t", "zfs", "-n", NULL, NULL,
            NULL };
        char *envp[] = { NULL };
        int error;
        struct path spath;

        if (ip == NULL)
                return (SET_ERROR(EISDIR));

        zfsvfs = ITOZSB(ip);
        ZFS_ENTER(zfsvfs);

        full_name = kmem_zalloc(ZFS_MAX_DATASET_NAME_LEN, KM_SLEEP);
        full_path = kmem_zalloc(MAXPATHLEN, KM_SLEEP);

        error = zfsctl_snapshot_name(zfsvfs, dname(dentry),
            ZFS_MAX_DATASET_NAME_LEN, full_name);
        if (error)
                goto error;

        /*
         * Construct a mount point path from sb of the ctldir inode and dirent
         * name, instead of from d_path(), so that chroot'd process doesn't fail
         * on mount.zfs(8).
         */
        snprintf(full_path, MAXPATHLEN, "%s/.zfs/snapshot/%s",
            zfsvfs->z_vfs->vfs_mntpoint ? zfsvfs->z_vfs->vfs_mntpoint : "",
            dname(dentry));

        /*
         * Multiple concurrent automounts of a snapshot are never allowed.
         * The snapshot may be manually mounted as many times as desired.
         */
        if (zfsctl_snapshot_ismounted(full_name)) {
                error = 0;
                goto error;
        }

        /*
         * Attempt to mount the snapshot from user space.  Normally this
         * would be done using the vfs_kern_mount() function, however that
         * function is marked GPL-only and cannot be used.  On error we
         * careful to log the real error to the console and return EISDIR
         * to safely abort the automount.  This should be very rare.
         *
         * If the user mode helper happens to return EBUSY, a concurrent
         * mount is already in progress in which case the error is ignored.
         * Take note that if the program was executed successfully the return
         * value from call_usermodehelper() will be (exitcode << 8 + signal).
         */
        dprintf("mount; name=%s path=%s\n", full_name, full_path);
        argv[5] = full_name;
        argv[6] = full_path;
        error = call_usermodehelper(argv[0], argv, envp, UMH_WAIT_PROC);
        if (error) {
                if (!(error & MOUNT_BUSY << 8)) {
                        zfs_dbgmsg("Unable to automount %s error=%d",
                            full_path, error);
                        error = SET_ERROR(EISDIR);
                } else {
                        /*
                         * EBUSY, this could mean a concurrent mount, or the
                         * snapshot has already been mounted at completely
                         * different place. We return 0 so VFS will retry. For
                         * the latter case the VFS will retry several times
                         * and return ELOOP, which is probably not a very good
                         * behavior.
                         */
                        error = 0;
                }
                goto error;
        }

        /*
         * Follow down in to the mounted snapshot and set MNT_SHRINKABLE
         * to identify this as an automounted filesystem.
         */
        spath = *path;
        path_get(&spath);
        if (follow_down_one(&spath)) {
                snap_zfsvfs = ITOZSB(spath.dentry->d_inode);
                snap_zfsvfs->z_parent = zfsvfs;
                dentry = spath.dentry;
                spath.mnt->mnt_flags |= MNT_SHRINKABLE;

                rw_enter(&zfs_snapshot_lock, RW_WRITER);
                se = zfsctl_snapshot_alloc(full_name, full_path,
                    snap_zfsvfs->z_os->os_spa, dmu_objset_id(snap_zfsvfs->z_os),
                    dentry);
                zfsctl_snapshot_add(se);
                zfsctl_snapshot_unmount_delay_impl(se, zfs_expire_snapshot);
                rw_exit(&zfs_snapshot_lock);
        }
        path_put(&spath);
error:
        kmem_free(full_name, ZFS_MAX_DATASET_NAME_LEN);
        kmem_free(full_path, MAXPATHLEN);

        ZFS_EXIT(zfsvfs);

        return (error);
}

/*
 * Get the snapdir inode from fid
 */
int
zfsctl_snapdir_vget(struct super_block *sb, uint64_t objsetid, int gen,
    struct inode **ipp)
{
        int error;
        struct path path;
        char *mnt;
        struct dentry *dentry;

        mnt = kmem_alloc(MAXPATHLEN, KM_SLEEP);

        error = zfsctl_snapshot_path_objset(sb->s_fs_info, objsetid,
            MAXPATHLEN, mnt);
        if (error)
                goto out;

        /* Trigger automount */
        error = -kern_path(mnt, LOOKUP_FOLLOW|LOOKUP_DIRECTORY, &path);
        if (error)
                goto out;

        path_put(&path);
        /*
         * Get the snapdir inode. Note, we don't want to use the above
         * path because it contains the root of the snapshot rather
         * than the snapdir.
         */
        *ipp = ilookup(sb, ZFSCTL_INO_SNAPDIRS - objsetid);
        if (*ipp == NULL) {
                error = SET_ERROR(ENOENT);
                goto out;
        }

        /* check gen, see zfsctl_snapdir_fid */
        dentry = d_obtain_alias(igrab(*ipp));
        if (gen != (!IS_ERR(dentry) && d_mountpoint(dentry))) {
                iput(*ipp);
                *ipp = NULL;
                error = SET_ERROR(ENOENT);
        }
        if (!IS_ERR(dentry))
                dput(dentry);
out:
        kmem_free(mnt, MAXPATHLEN);
        return (error);
}

int
zfsctl_shares_lookup(struct inode *dip, char *name, struct inode **ipp,
    int flags, cred_t *cr, int *direntflags, pathname_t *realpnp)
{
        zfsvfs_t *zfsvfs = ITOZSB(dip);
        znode_t *zp;
        znode_t *dzp;
        int error;

        ZFS_ENTER(zfsvfs);

        if (zfsvfs->z_shares_dir == 0) {
                ZFS_EXIT(zfsvfs);
                return (SET_ERROR(ENOTSUP));
        }

        if ((error = zfs_zget(zfsvfs, zfsvfs->z_shares_dir, &dzp)) == 0) {
                error = zfs_lookup(dzp, name, &zp, 0, cr, NULL, NULL);
                zrele(dzp);
        }

        ZFS_EXIT(zfsvfs);

        return (error);
}

/*
 * Initialize the various pieces we'll need to create and manipulate .zfs
 * directories.  Currently this is unused but available.
 */
void
zfsctl_init(void)
{
        avl_create(&zfs_snapshots_by_name, snapentry_compare_by_name,
            sizeof (zfs_snapentry_t), offsetof(zfs_snapentry_t,
            se_node_name));
        avl_create(&zfs_snapshots_by_objsetid, snapentry_compare_by_objsetid,
            sizeof (zfs_snapentry_t), offsetof(zfs_snapentry_t,
            se_node_objsetid));
        rw_init(&zfs_snapshot_lock, NULL, RW_DEFAULT, NULL);
}

/*
 * Cleanup the various pieces we needed for .zfs directories.  In particular
 * ensure the expiry timer is canceled safely.
 */
void
zfsctl_fini(void)
{
        avl_destroy(&zfs_snapshots_by_name);
        avl_destroy(&zfs_snapshots_by_objsetid);
        rw_destroy(&zfs_snapshot_lock);
}

module_param(zfs_admin_snapshot, int, 0644);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(zfs_admin_snapshot, "Enable mkdir/rmdir/mv in .zfs/snapshot");

module_param(zfs_expire_snapshot, int, 0644);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(zfs_expire_snapshot, "Seconds to expire .zfs/snapshot");