3 * The linker script operator DEFINED() will now yield 1 only for a symbol that
4 is defined before the statement where DEFINED is used.
6 * The MIPS --embedded-relocs (used to embed relocations into binaries for
7 Embedded-PIC code) is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
9 * m32r Linux (ELF) support added by Renesas.
11 * Improved linker's handling of unresolved symbols. The switch
12 --unresolved-symbols=<method> has been added to tell the linker when it
13 should report them and the switch --warn-unresolved-symbols has been added to
14 make reports be issued as warning messages rather than errors.
18 * Added support for Xtensa architecture.
20 * Added --with-sysroot configure switch to specify a target system root, for
21 linking against a target filesystem image.
23 * Added --accept-unknown-linker-format to restore old linker behaviour (pre
24 2.14) of silently accepting and linking in any files in an unknown binary
27 * Added --no-omagic to undo the effects of the -N option.
29 * Support for Texas Instruments TMS320C4x and TMS320C3x series of
30 DSP's contributed by Michael Hayes and Svein E. Seldal.
32 * Added --with-lib-path configure switch to specify default value for
35 * ARM port to QNX operating system added by Graeme Peterson.
37 * IP2K support added by Denis Chertykov.
41 * Support for the Fujitsu FRV architecture added by Red Hat. Models for FR400
44 Changes in version 2.13:
46 * DEC VAX ELF support, by Matt Thomas.
48 Changes in version 2.12:
50 * Support for Don Knuth's MMIX, by Hans-Peter Nilsson.
52 * Support for the OpenRISC 32-bit embedded processor by OpenCores.
54 * Support for -z nocopyreloc in the x86 ELF linker, which disables
55 production of copy relocs. Warning: using this option may result in
56 non-sharable applications.
58 * Support for -z combreloc in the ELF linker, which puts dynamic
59 relocations against the same symbol together, so that dynamic linker
60 can use an one-entry symbol lookup cache.
62 * Support for ELF SHF_MERGE section merging, by Jakub Jelinek.
64 Changes in version 2.11:
66 * Support for AMD x86-64 architecture, by Jan Hubicka, SuSE Labs.
68 * Support added for eliminating duplicate DWARF2 debug information by
69 having the compiler generate the information in sections called
70 .gnu.linkonce.wi.XXXX where XXXX is a checksum for the contents. The
71 linker then merges these sections together into the normal .debug_info
74 * The native ELF linker now searches the directories in DT_RUNPATH or
75 DT_RPATH of a shared library for shared libraries needed by it.
77 * TI C54x support, by Timothy Wall.
79 * Added command line switch --section-start to set the start address of any
82 * Added ability to emit full relocation information in linked executables,
83 enabled by --emit-relocs. Some post-linkage optimization tools need
84 this information in order to be able to correctly identify and perform
85 symbol relative addressing in the event of changes in section contents
86 (instructions being added or deleted, extending data sections, etc.)
88 * Support for i860, by Jason Eckhardt (preliminary, alpha quality).
90 * Support for CRIS (Axis Communications ETRAX series).
92 * Support for PDP-11 and 2.11BSD a.out format, by Lars Brinkhoff.
94 Changes in version 2.10:
96 * Added AT> to the linker script language to allow load-time allocation of
97 sections into regions.
99 * Added garbage collection of unused sections, enabled by --gc-sections.
100 It does require a bit of backend support; currently implemented are
101 arm-elf, avr-elf, d10v-elf, fr30-elf, i386-elf, m32r-elf, m68k-elf,
102 mcore-elf, mips-elf, mn10300-elf, ppc-elf, sh-elf, sparc-elf, and v850-elf.
103 Others will ignore the option.
105 * Added SORT to the linker script language to permit sorting sections by file
106 name or section name.
108 * Added EXTERN to the linker script language as an equivalent to the -u
111 * Added ASSERT to the linker script language.
113 * Added EXCLUDE_FILE to the linker script language for further control over
116 * Added -O option to optimize linker output (as of this writing, this only
117 affects ELF shared library generation).
119 * The -e option now accepts a number as well as a symbol name.
121 * Added --no-undefined option to disallow undefined symbols when creating a
124 * The linker now issues a warning, not an error, for an undefined symbol when
125 using -Bsymbolic; use the new --no-undefined option to get the old
128 * Added --demangle and --no-demangle options.
130 Changes in version 2.9:
132 * Added SQUAD to the linker script language.
134 * New option --no-warn-mismatch.
136 * The MEMORY command now parses the attributes to determine where sections that
137 are not placed in a specific memory region are placed.
139 Changes in version 2.8:
141 * Linker scripts may now contain shell wildcard characters for file and section
144 * The linker now supports symbol versions in ELF.
146 * The NOCROSSREFS command was added to the linker script language.
148 * The LOADADDR expression was added to the linker script language.
150 * MAX and MIN functions were added to the linker script language.
152 * The OVERLAY construct was added to the linker script language.
154 * New option --warn-section-align to warn when the address of an output section
155 changes due to alignment of an input section.
157 * New options --filter/-F and --auxiliary/-f.
159 Changes in version 2.7:
161 * New option --cref to print out a cross reference table.
163 * New option --wrap SYMBOL.
165 * New option --no-whole-archive, to turn off the effect of --whole-archive.
167 * Input sections assigned to the output section /DISCARD/ in the linker script
168 are not included in the output file.
170 * The SunOS and ELF linkers now merge stabs debugging information which uses
171 the N_BINCL and N_EINCL stab types. This reduces the amount of debugging
172 information generated.
174 Changes in version 2.6:
176 * When an ELF section name is representable as a C identifier (this is not true
177 of most ELF section names), the linker will automatically define symbols
178 __start_SECNAME and __stop_SECNAME, where SECNAME is the section name, at the
179 beginning and the end of the section. This is used by glibc.
181 * When an ELF section named .gnu.warning is encountered in an input file, the
182 contents of the section are displayed as an error message, and the section is
183 not copied into the output file. This is used by glibc.
185 * When an ELF section named .gnu.warning.SYMBOL is encountered in an input
186 file, and the symbol SYMBOL is referenced by some object file, the contents of
187 the section are displayed as an error message. The section is not copied into
188 the output file, unless doing a relocatable or shared link. This is used by
191 * New options -split-by-reloc and -split-by-file.
193 * The linker now supports linking PIC compiled code on SPARC SunOS. It can
194 also create SPARC SunOS shared libraries, and, like the native SunOS linker,
195 will do so whenever there is an undefined symbol in the link and neither the -e
196 nor the -r option was used.
198 * The -rpath option may be used on SunOS to set the list of directories to be
199 searched at run time. This overrides the default of building the list from the
202 * The COFF linker now combines debugging information for structs, unions, and
203 enums, so that even if the same type is defined in multiple input files it will
204 only be defined once in the output file. The --traditional-format switch will
205 prevent this optimization.
207 Changes in version 2.5:
209 * The linker now supports linking against SunOS shared libraries. It still can
210 not link SunOS PIC (Position Independent Code) files, so it can not be used to
211 generate shared libraries.
213 * The linker now supports linking against ELF shared libraries for the i386
214 (UnixWare) and SPARC (Solaris). It can also link ELF PIC files, and can be
215 used to generate shared libraries. Shared library generation is not well
216 tested; please report any problems encountered. The linker is now enabled for
219 * Eric Youngdale has contributed Linux support code, including linking against
220 Linux a.out shared libraries. The linker produces Linux QMAGIC binaries.
222 * The ELF backend has been converted to the new linker code. To use the new
223 ELF linker, each particular target requires a relocation function. So far,
224 this function has been written for i386 (UnixWare), SPARC (Solaris) MIPS (Irix
225 5), and HPPA ELF targets.
227 * The -( (--start-group) and -) (--end-group) options have been added to
228 support searching a group of archives as though they were a single archive.
229 This can also be used in a linker script, as GROUP ( files ).
231 * When a file is named on the command line, and the linker does not recognize
232 it as an object file, the linker will now treat the file as a linker script
233 file. A linker script named in this way augments, but does not replace, the
234 default linker script.
236 * The -warn-once option was added. It causes the linker to only warn once per
237 undefined symbol, rather than once per reference.
239 * The COFF backend has been converted to the new linker code. As with ELF, to
240 use the new linker, each particular target requires a relocation function. So
241 far, this function has been written for the i386, m68k, a29k and SH targets.
243 * The -V flag was made a synonym for -v, for SVR4 compatibility. The old -V
244 behaviour is available via --verbose.
246 Changes in version 2.4:
248 * New linker code, by Steve Chamberlain and Ian Taylor. For a.out and ecoff
249 formats (so far), this should result in considerable savings in time
250 and memory used while linking; slightly poorer performance than
251 before for formats not converted yet.
253 * Command-line parsing is no longer done with flex. This means
254 oddball characters in filenames won't get treated as argument
257 * HP-PA ELF support, by Jeff Law. (No SOM support yet.)
259 * Mach i386 support, by David Mackenzie.
261 * Irix 4 shared libraries are now supported (Irix 5 uses ELF, and ELF shared
262 libraries are not yet supported).
264 * COFF shared libraries (as on SCO) should work as well.
266 * The linker is disabled for Solaris. (Actually, it was in 2.3 also, I just
267 forgot to note it.) Some of their C library routines don't work when
268 statically linked, and the GNU linker doesn't support dynamic linking yet.
270 Changes in version 2.3:
272 * Weak symbols are now supported.
274 * ELF support has been added. The linker has been bootstrapped on
275 UnixWare and Solaris.
277 * Alpha OSF/1 support has been added (non dynamic linking only).
279 Changes in version 2.2:
281 * The `bfd' library has been updated to reduce a.out-format string
282 table size. The effect of this is that files linked from many input
283 files with duplicate symbols (`-g' debugging records, or identical
284 static symbols) should be much smaller.
286 Changes in version 2.1:
288 * The ld -ySYMBOL flag (to trace references to SYMBOL) is now implemented.
290 * There is now support for writing ECOFF files, so ld and the
291 other utilities should work on Risc/Ultrix and Irix.