howto/setup-git-server-over-http.html

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 735 <body class="article">
 736 <div id="header">
 737 <h1>How to setup Git server over http</h1>
 738 <span id="revdate">2024-07-12</span>
 739 </div>
 740 <div id="content">
 741 <div id="preamble">
 742 <div class="sectionbody">
 743 <div class="admonitionblock">
 744 <table><tr>
 745 <td class="icon">
 746 <div class="title">Note</div>
 747 </td>
 748 <td class="content">This document is from 2006.  A lot has happened since then, and this
 749 document is now relevant mainly if your web host is not CGI capable.
 750 Almost everyone else should instead look at <a href="../git-http-backend.html">git-http-backend(1)</a>.</td>
 751 </tr></table>
 752 </div>
 753 <div class="paragraph"><p>Since Apache is one of those packages people like to compile
 754 themselves while others prefer the bureaucrat&#8217;s dream Debian, it is
 755 impossible to give guidelines which will work for everyone. Just send
 756 some feedback to the mailing list at <a href="mailto:git@vger.kernel.org">git@vger.kernel.org</a> to get this
 757 document tailored to your favorite distro.</p></div>
 758 <div class="paragraph"><p>What&#8217;s needed:</p></div>
 759 <div class="ulist"><ul>
 760 <li>
 761 <p>
 762 Have an Apache web-server
 763 </p>
 764 <div class="literalblock">
 765 <div class="content">
 766 <pre><code>On Debian:
 767   $ apt-get install apache2
 768   To get apache2 by default started,
 769   edit /etc/default/apache2 and set NO_START=0</code></pre>
 770 </div></div>
 771 </li>
 772 <li>
 773 <p>
 774 can edit the configuration of it.
 775 </p>
 776 <div class="literalblock">
 777 <div class="content">
 778 <pre><code>This could be found under /etc/httpd, or refer to your Apache documentation.</code></pre>
 779 </div></div>
 780 <div class="literalblock">
 781 <div class="content">
 782 <pre><code>On Debian: this means being able to edit files under /etc/apache2</code></pre>
 783 </div></div>
 784 </li>
 785 <li>
 786 <p>
 787 can restart it.
 788 </p>
 789 <div class="literalblock">
 790 <div class="content">
 791 <pre><code>'apachectl --graceful' might do. If it doesn't, just stop and
 792 restart apache. Be warning that active connections to your server
 793 might be aborted by this.</code></pre>
 794 </div></div>
 795 <div class="literalblock">
 796 <div class="content">
 797 <pre><code>On Debian:
 798   $ /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
 799 or
 800   $ /etc/init.d/apache2 force-reload
 801   (which seems to do the same)
 802 This adds symlinks from the /etc/apache2/mods-enabled to
 803 /etc/apache2/mods-available.</code></pre>
 804 </div></div>
 805 </li>
 806 <li>
 807 <p>
 808 have permissions to chown a directory
 809 </p>
 810 </li>
 811 <li>
 812 <p>
 813 have Git installed on the client, and
 814 </p>
 815 </li>
 816 <li>
 817 <p>
 818 either have Git installed on the server or have a webdav client on
 819   the client.
 820 </p>
 821 </li>
 822 </ul></div>
 823 <div class="paragraph"><p>In effect, this means you&#8217;re going to be root, or that you&#8217;re using a
 824 preconfigured WebDAV server.</p></div>
 825 </div>
 826 </div>
 827 <div class="sect1">
 828 <h2 id="_step_1_setup_a_bare_git_repository">Step 1: setup a bare Git repository</h2>
 829 <div class="sectionbody">
 830 <div class="paragraph"><p>At the time of writing, git-http-push cannot remotely create a Git
 831 repository. So we have to do that at the server side with Git. Another
 832 option is to generate an empty bare repository at the client and copy
 833 it to the server with a WebDAV client (which is the only option if Git
 834 is not installed on the server).</p></div>
 835 <div class="paragraph"><p>Create the directory under the DocumentRoot of the directories served
 836 by Apache. As an example we take /usr/local/apache2, but try "grep
 837 DocumentRoot /where/ever/httpd.conf" to find your root:</p></div>
 838 <div class="literalblock">
 839 <div class="content">
 840 <pre><code>$ cd /usr/local/apache/htdocs
 841 $ mkdir my-new-repo.git</code></pre>
 842 </div></div>
 843 <div class="literalblock">
 844 <div class="content">
 845 <pre><code>On Debian:</code></pre>
 846 </div></div>
 847 <div class="literalblock">
 848 <div class="content">
 849 <pre><code>$ cd /var/www
 850 $ mkdir my-new-repo.git</code></pre>
 851 </div></div>
 852 <div class="paragraph"><p>Initialize a bare repository</p></div>
 853 <div class="literalblock">
 854 <div class="content">
 855 <pre><code>$ cd my-new-repo.git
 856 $ git --bare init</code></pre>
 857 </div></div>
 858 <div class="paragraph"><p>Change the ownership to your web-server&#8217;s credentials. Use <code>"grep ^User
 859 httpd.conf"</code> and <code>"grep ^Group httpd.conf"</code> to find out:</p></div>
 860 <div class="literalblock">
 861 <div class="content">
 862 <pre><code>$ chown -R www.www .</code></pre>
 863 </div></div>
 864 <div class="literalblock">
 865 <div class="content">
 866 <pre><code>On Debian:</code></pre>
 867 </div></div>
 868 <div class="literalblock">
 869 <div class="content">
 870 <pre><code>$ chown -R www-data.www-data .</code></pre>
 871 </div></div>
 872 <div class="paragraph"><p>If you do not know which user Apache runs as, you can alternatively do
 873 a "chmod -R a+w .", inspect the files which are created later on, and
 874 set the permissions appropriately.</p></div>
 875 <div class="paragraph"><p>Restart apache2, and check whether <a href="http://server/my-new-repo.git">http://server/my-new-repo.git</a> gives
 876 a directory listing. If not, check whether apache started up
 877 successfully.</p></div>
 878 </div>
 879 </div>
 880 <div class="sect1">
 881 <h2 id="_step_2_enable_dav_on_this_repository">Step 2: enable DAV on this repository</h2>
 882 <div class="sectionbody">
 883 <div class="paragraph"><p>First make sure the dav_module is loaded. For this, insert in httpd.conf:</p></div>
 884 <div class="literalblock">
 885 <div class="content">
 886 <pre><code>LoadModule dav_module libexec/httpd/libdav.so
 887 AddModule mod_dav.c</code></pre>
 888 </div></div>
 889 <div class="paragraph"><p>Also make sure that this line exists which is the file used for
 890 locking DAV operations:</p></div>
 891 <div class="literalblock">
 892 <div class="content">
 893 <pre><code>DAVLockDB "/usr/local/apache2/temp/DAV.lock"</code></pre>
 894 </div></div>
 895 <div class="literalblock">
 896 <div class="content">
 897 <pre><code>On Debian these steps can be performed with:</code></pre>
 898 </div></div>
 899 <div class="literalblock">
 900 <div class="content">
 901 <pre><code>Enable the dav and dav_fs modules of apache:
 902 $ a2enmod dav_fs
 903 (just to be sure. dav_fs might be unneeded, I don't know)
 904 $ a2enmod dav
 905 The DAV lock is located in /etc/apache2/mods-available/dav_fs.conf:
 906   DAVLockDB /var/lock/apache2/DAVLock</code></pre>
 907 </div></div>
 908 <div class="paragraph"><p>Of course, it can point somewhere else, but the string is actually just a
 909 prefix in some Apache configurations, and therefore the <em>directory</em> has to
 910 be writable by the user Apache runs as.</p></div>
 911 <div class="paragraph"><p>Then, add something like this to your httpd.conf</p></div>
 912 <div class="literalblock">
 913 <div class="content">
 914 <pre><code>&lt;Location /my-new-repo.git&gt;
 915    DAV on
 916    AuthType Basic
 917    AuthName "Git"
 918    AuthUserFile /usr/local/apache2/conf/passwd.git
 919    Require valid-user
 920 &lt;/Location&gt;</code></pre>
 921 </div></div>
 922 <div class="literalblock">
 923 <div class="content">
 924 <pre><code>On Debian:
 925   Create (or add to) /etc/apache2/conf.d/git.conf :</code></pre>
 926 </div></div>
 927 <div class="literalblock">
 928 <div class="content">
 929 <pre><code>&lt;Location /my-new-repo.git&gt;
 930    DAV on
 931    AuthType Basic
 932    AuthName "Git"
 933    AuthUserFile /etc/apache2/passwd.git
 934    Require valid-user
 935 &lt;/Location&gt;</code></pre>
 936 </div></div>
 937 <div class="literalblock">
 938 <div class="content">
 939 <pre><code>Debian automatically reads all files under /etc/apache2/conf.d.</code></pre>
 940 </div></div>
 941 <div class="paragraph"><p>The password file can be somewhere else, but it has to be readable by
 942 Apache and preferably not readable by the world.</p></div>
 943 <div class="paragraph"><p>Create this file by
 944     $ htpasswd -c /usr/local/apache2/conf/passwd.git &lt;user&gt;</p></div>
 945 <div class="literalblock">
 946 <div class="content">
 947 <pre><code>On Debian:
 948   $ htpasswd -c /etc/apache2/passwd.git &lt;user&gt;</code></pre>
 949 </div></div>
 950 <div class="paragraph"><p>You will be asked a password, and the file is created. Subsequent calls
 951 to htpasswd should omit the <em>-c</em> option, since you want to append to the
 952 existing file.</p></div>
 953 <div class="paragraph"><p>You need to restart Apache.</p></div>
 954 <div class="paragraph"><p>Now go to <a href="http://&lt;username&gt;@&lt;servername&gt;/my-new-repo.git">http://&lt;username&gt;@&lt;servername&gt;/my-new-repo.git</a> in your
 955 browser to check whether it asks for a password and accepts the right
 956 password.</p></div>
 957 <div class="paragraph"><p>On Debian:</p></div>
 958 <div class="literalblock">
 959 <div class="content">
 960 <pre><code>To test the WebDAV part, do:</code></pre>
 961 </div></div>
 962 <div class="literalblock">
 963 <div class="content">
 964 <pre><code>$ apt-get install litmus
 965 $ litmus http://&lt;servername&gt;/my-new-repo.git &lt;username&gt; &lt;password&gt;</code></pre>
 966 </div></div>
 967 <div class="literalblock">
 968 <div class="content">
 969 <pre><code>Most tests should pass.</code></pre>
 970 </div></div>
 971 <div class="paragraph"><p>A command-line tool to test WebDAV is cadaver. If you prefer GUIs, for
 972 example, konqueror can open WebDAV URLs as "webdav://&#8230;" or
 973 "webdavs://&#8230;".</p></div>
 974 <div class="paragraph"><p>If you&#8217;re into Windows, from XP onwards Internet Explorer supports
 975 WebDAV. For this, do Internet Explorer &#8594; Open Location &#8594;
 976 <a href="http://&lt;servername&gt;/my-new-repo.git">http://&lt;servername&gt;/my-new-repo.git</a> [x] Open as webfolder &#8594; login .</p></div>
 977 </div>
 978 </div>
 979 <div class="sect1">
 980 <h2 id="_step_3_setup_the_client">Step 3: setup the client</h2>
 981 <div class="sectionbody">
 982 <div class="paragraph"><p>Make sure that you have HTTP support, i.e. your Git was built with
 983 libcurl (version more recent than 7.10). The command <em>git http-push</em> with
 984 no argument should display a usage message.</p></div>
 985 <div class="paragraph"><p>Then, add the following to your $HOME/.netrc (you can do without, but will be
 986 asked to input your password a <em>lot</em> of times):</p></div>
 987 <div class="literalblock">
 988 <div class="content">
 989 <pre><code>machine &lt;servername&gt;
 990 login &lt;username&gt;
 991 password &lt;password&gt;</code></pre>
 992 </div></div>
 993 <div class="paragraph"><p>&#8230;and set permissions:
 994      chmod 600 ~/.netrc</p></div>
 995 <div class="paragraph"><p>If you want to access the web-server by its IP, you have to type that in,
 996 instead of the server name.</p></div>
 997 <div class="paragraph"><p>To check whether all is OK, do:</p></div>
 998 <div class="literalblock">
 999 <div class="content">
1000 <pre><code>curl --netrc --location -v http://&lt;username&gt;@&lt;servername&gt;/my-new-repo.git/HEAD</code></pre>
1001 </div></div>
1002 <div class="paragraph"><p>&#8230;this should give something like <em>ref: refs/heads/master</em>, which is
1003 the content of the file HEAD on the server.</p></div>
1004 <div class="paragraph"><p>Now, add the remote in your existing repository which contains the project
1005 you want to export:</p></div>
1006 <div class="literalblock">
1007 <div class="content">
1008 <pre><code>$ git-config remote.upload.url \
1009     http://&lt;username&gt;@&lt;servername&gt;/my-new-repo.git/</code></pre>
1010 </div></div>
1011 <div class="paragraph"><p>It is important to put the last <em>/</em>; Without it, the server will send
1012 a redirect which git-http-push does not (yet) understand, and git-http-push
1013 will repeat the request infinitely.</p></div>
1014 </div>
1015 </div>
1016 <div class="sect1">
1017 <h2 id="_step_4_make_the_initial_push">Step 4: make the initial push</h2>
1018 <div class="sectionbody">
1019 <div class="paragraph"><p>From your client repository, do</p></div>
1020 <div class="literalblock">
1021 <div class="content">
1022 <pre><code>$ git push upload master</code></pre>
1023 </div></div>
1024 <div class="paragraph"><p>This pushes branch <em>master</em> (which is assumed to be the branch you
1025 want to export) to repository called <em>upload</em>, which we previously
1026 defined with git-config.</p></div>
1027 </div>
1028 </div>
1029 <div class="sect1">
1030 <h2 id="_using_a_proxy">Using a proxy:</h2>
1031 <div class="sectionbody">
1032 <div class="paragraph"><p>If you have to access the WebDAV server from behind an HTTP(S) proxy,
1033 set the variable <em>all_proxy</em> to <code>http://proxy-host.com:port</code>, or
1034 <code>http://login-on-proxy:passwd-on-proxy@proxy-host.com:port</code>. See <em>man
1035 curl</em> for details.</p></div>
1036 </div>
1037 </div>
1038 <div class="sect1">
1039 <h2 id="_troubleshooting">Troubleshooting:</h2>
1040 <div class="sectionbody">
1041 <div class="paragraph"><p>If git-http-push says</p></div>
1042 <div class="literalblock">
1043 <div class="content">
1044 <pre><code>Error: no DAV locking support on remote repo http://...</code></pre>
1045 </div></div>
1046 <div class="paragraph"><p>then it means the web-server did not accept your authentication. Make sure
1047 that the user name and password matches in httpd.conf, .netrc and the URL
1048 you are uploading to.</p></div>
1049 <div class="paragraph"><p>If git-http-push shows you an error (22/502) when trying to MOVE a blob,
1050 it means that your web-server somehow does not recognize its name in the
1051 request; This can happen when you start Apache, but then disable the
1052 network interface. A simple restart of Apache helps.</p></div>
1053 <div class="paragraph"><p>Errors like (22/502) are of format (curl error code/http error
1054 code). So (22/404) means something like <em>not found</em> at the server.</p></div>
1055 <div class="paragraph"><p>Reading /usr/local/apache2/logs/error_log is often helpful.</p></div>
1056 <div class="literalblock">
1057 <div class="content">
1058 <pre><code>On Debian: Read /var/log/apache2/error.log instead.</code></pre>
1059 </div></div>
1060 <div class="paragraph"><p>If you access HTTPS locations, Git may fail verifying the SSL
1061 certificate (this is return code 60). Setting http.sslVerify=false can
1062 help diagnosing the problem, but removes security checks.</p></div>
1063 <div class="paragraph"><p>Debian References: <a href="http://www.debian-administration.org/articles/285">http://www.debian-administration.org/articles/285</a></p></div>
1064 <div class="paragraph"><p>Authors
1065   Johannes Schindelin &lt;<a href="mailto:Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de">Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de</a>&gt;
1066   Rutger Nijlunsing &lt;<a href="mailto:git@wingding.demon.nl">git@wingding.demon.nl</a>&gt;
1067   Matthieu Moy &lt;<a href="mailto:Matthieu.Moy@imag.fr">Matthieu.Moy@imag.fr</a>&gt;</p></div>
1068 </div>
1069 </div>
1070 </div>
1071 <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div>
1072 <div id="footer">
1073 <div id="footer-text">
1074 Last updated
1075  2024-07-12 09:18:16 PDT
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