howto/update-hook-example.html

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 440 </head>
 441 <body class="article">
 442 <div id="header">
 443 <h1>How to use the update hook</h1>
 444 <div class="details">
 445 <span id="revdate">2024-11-01</span>
 446 </div>
 447 </div>
 448 <div id="content">
 449 <div class="paragraph">
 450 <p>When your developer runs git-push into the repository,
 451 git-receive-pack is run (either locally or over ssh) as that
 452 developer, so is hooks/update script.  Quoting from the relevant
 453 section of the documentation:</p>
 454 </div>
 455 <div class="literalblock">
 456 <div class="content">
 457 <pre>Before each ref is updated, if $GIT_DIR/hooks/update file exists
 458 and executable, it is called with three parameters:</pre>
 459 </div>
 460 </div>
 461 <div class="literalblock">
 462 <div class="content">
 463 <pre>$GIT_DIR/hooks/update refname sha1-old sha1-new</pre>
 464 </div>
 465 </div>
 466 <div class="literalblock">
 467 <div class="content">
 468 <pre>The refname parameter is relative to $GIT_DIR; e.g. for the
 469 master head this is "refs/heads/master".  Two sha1 are the
 470 object names for the refname before and after the update.  Note
 471 that the hook is called before the refname is updated, so either
 472 sha1-old is 0{40} (meaning there is no such ref yet), or it
 473 should match what is recorded in refname.</pre>
 474 </div>
 475 </div>
 476 <div class="paragraph">
 477 <p>So if your policy is (1) always require fast-forward push
 478 (i.e. never allow "git-push repo +branch:branch"), (2) you
 479 have a list of users allowed to update each branch, and (3) you
 480 do not let tags to be overwritten, then you can use something
 481 like this as your hooks/update script.</p>
 482 </div>
 483 <div class="paragraph">
 484 <p>[jc: editorial note.  This is a much improved version by Carl
 485 since I posted the original outline]</p>
 486 </div>
 487 <div class="listingblock">
 488 <div class="content">
 489 <pre>#!/bin/bash
 490
 491 umask 002
 492
 493 # If you are having trouble with this access control hook script
 494 # you can try setting this to true.  It will tell you exactly
 495 # why a user is being allowed/denied access.
 496
 497 verbose=false
 498
 499 # Default shell globbing messes things up downstream
 500 GLOBIGNORE=*
 501
 502 function grant {
 503   $verbose &amp;&amp; echo &gt;&amp;2 "-Grant-         $1"
 504   echo grant
 505   exit 0
 506 }
 507
 508 function deny {
 509   $verbose &amp;&amp; echo &gt;&amp;2 "-Deny-          $1"
 510   echo deny
 511   exit 1
 512 }
 513
 514 function info {
 515   $verbose &amp;&amp; echo &gt;&amp;2 "-Info-          $1"
 516 }
 517
 518 # Implement generic branch and tag policies.
 519 # - Tags should not be updated once created.
 520 # - Branches should only be fast-forwarded unless their pattern starts with '+'
 521 case "$1" in
 522   refs/tags/*)
 523     git rev-parse --verify -q "$1" &amp;&amp;
 524     deny &gt;/dev/null "You can't overwrite an existing tag"
 525     ;;
 526   refs/heads/*)
 527     # No rebasing or rewinding
 528     if expr "$2" : '0*$' &gt;/dev/null; then
 529       info "The branch '$1' is new..."
 530     else
 531       # updating -- make sure it is a fast-forward
 532       mb=$(git merge-base "$2" "$3")
 533       case "$mb,$2" in
 534         "$2,$mb") info "Update is fast-forward" ;;
 535         *)        noff=y; info "This is not a fast-forward update.";;
 536       esac
 537     fi
 538     ;;
 539   *)
 540     deny &gt;/dev/null \
 541     "Branch is not under refs/heads or refs/tags.  What are you trying to do?"
 542     ;;
 543 esac
 544
 545 # Implement per-branch controls based on username
 546 allowed_users_file=$GIT_DIR/info/allowed-users
 547 username=$(id -u -n)
 548 info "The user is: '$username'"
 549
 550 if test -f "$allowed_users_file"
 551 then
 552   rc=$(grep -Ev '^(#|$)' $allowed_users_file |
 553     while read heads user_patterns
 554     do
 555       # does this rule apply to us?
 556       head_pattern=${heads#+}
 557       matchlen=$(expr "$1" : "${head_pattern#+}")
 558       test "$matchlen" = ${#1} || continue
 559
 560       # if non-ff, $heads must be with the '+' prefix
 561       test -n "$noff" &amp;&amp;
 562       test "$head_pattern" = "$heads" &amp;&amp; continue
 563
 564       info "Found matching head pattern: '$head_pattern'"
 565       for user_pattern in $user_patterns; do
 566         info "Checking user: '$username' against pattern: '$user_pattern'"
 567         matchlen=$(expr "$username" : "$user_pattern")
 568         if test "$matchlen" = "${#username}"
 569         then
 570           grant "Allowing user: '$username' with pattern: '$user_pattern'"
 571         fi
 572       done
 573       deny "The user is not in the access list for this branch"
 574     done
 575   )
 576   case "$rc" in
 577     grant) grant &gt;/dev/null "Granting access based on $allowed_users_file" ;;
 578     deny)  deny  &gt;/dev/null "Denying  access based on $allowed_users_file" ;;
 579     *) ;;
 580   esac
 581 fi
 582
 583 allowed_groups_file=$GIT_DIR/info/allowed-groups
 584 groups=$(id -G -n)
 585 info "The user belongs to the following groups:"
 586 info "'$groups'"
 587
 588 if test -f "$allowed_groups_file"
 589 then
 590   rc=$(grep -Ev '^(#|$)' $allowed_groups_file |
 591     while read heads group_patterns
 592     do
 593       # does this rule apply to us?
 594       head_pattern=${heads#+}
 595       matchlen=$(expr "$1" : "${head_pattern#+}")
 596       test "$matchlen" = ${#1} || continue
 597
 598       # if non-ff, $heads must be with the '+' prefix
 599       test -n "$noff" &amp;&amp;
 600       test "$head_pattern" = "$heads" &amp;&amp; continue
 601
 602       info "Found matching head pattern: '$head_pattern'"
 603       for group_pattern in $group_patterns; do
 604         for groupname in $groups; do
 605           info "Checking group: '$groupname' against pattern: '$group_pattern'"
 606           matchlen=$(expr "$groupname" : "$group_pattern")
 607           if test "$matchlen" = "${#groupname}"
 608           then
 609             grant "Allowing group: '$groupname' with pattern: '$group_pattern'"
 610           fi
 611         done
 612       done
 613       deny "None of the user's groups are in the access list for this branch"
 614     done
 615   )
 616   case "$rc" in
 617     grant) grant &gt;/dev/null "Granting access based on $allowed_groups_file" ;;
 618     deny)  deny  &gt;/dev/null "Denying  access based on $allowed_groups_file" ;;
 619     *) ;;
 620   esac
 621 fi
 622
 623 deny &gt;/dev/null "There are no more rules to check.  Denying access"</pre>
 624 </div>
 625 </div>
 626 <div class="paragraph">
 627 <p>This uses two files, $GIT_DIR/info/allowed-users and
 628 allowed-groups, to describe which heads can be pushed into by
 629 whom.  The format of each file would look like this:</p>
 630 </div>
 631 <div class="literalblock">
 632 <div class="content">
 633 <pre>refs/heads/master   junio
 634 +refs/heads/seen    junio
 635 refs/heads/cogito$  pasky
 636 refs/heads/bw/.*    linus
 637 refs/heads/tmp/.*   .*
 638 refs/tags/v[0-9].*  junio</pre>
 639 </div>
 640 </div>
 641 <div class="paragraph">
 642 <p>With this, Linus can push or create "bw/penguin" or "bw/zebra"
 643 or "bw/panda" branches, Pasky can do only "cogito", and JC can
 644 do master and "seen" branches and make versioned tags.  And anybody
 645 can do tmp/blah branches. The <em>+</em> sign at the "seen" record means
 646 that JC can make non-fast-forward pushes on it.</p>
 647 </div>
 648 </div>
 649 <div id="footer">
 650 <div id="footer-text">
 651 Last updated 2024-11-01 22:47:17 -0700
 652 </div>
 653 </div>
 654 </body>
 655 </html>