6 git - the stupid content tracker
12 'git' [--version] [--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path]
13 [-p|--paginate|--no-pager] [--no-replace-objects]
14 [--bare] [--git-dir=<path>] [--work-tree=<path>]
16 [--help] <command> [<args>]
20 Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an
21 unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations
22 and full access to internals.
24 See linkgit:gittutorial[7] to get started, then see
25 link:everyday.html[Everyday Git] for a useful minimum set of commands, and
26 "man git-commandname" for documentation of each command. CVS users may
27 also want to read linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7]. See
28 the link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] for a more in-depth
31 The '<command>' is either a name of a Git command (see below) or an alias
32 as defined in the configuration file (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
34 Formatted and hyperlinked version of the latest git
35 documentation can be viewed at
36 `http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/`.
42 You are reading the documentation for the latest (possibly
43 unreleased) version of git, that is available from 'master'
44 branch of the `git.git` repository.
45 Documentation for older releases are available here:
47 * link:v1.7.3.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.3.5]
50 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.5.txt[1.7.3.5],
51 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.4.txt[1.7.3.4],
52 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.3.txt[1.7.3.3],
53 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.2.txt[1.7.3.2],
54 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.1.txt[1.7.3.1],
55 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.txt[1.7.3].
57 * link:v1.7.2.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.2.5]
60 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.5.txt[1.7.2.5],
61 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.4.txt[1.7.2.4],
62 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.3.txt[1.7.2.3],
63 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.2.txt[1.7.2.2],
64 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.1.txt[1.7.2.1],
65 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.txt[1.7.2].
67 * link:v1.7.1.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.1.4]
70 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.4.txt[1.7.1.4],
71 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.3.txt[1.7.1.3],
72 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.2.txt[1.7.1.2],
73 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.1.txt[1.7.1.1],
74 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.txt[1.7.1].
76 * link:v1.7.0.9/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.0.9]
79 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.9.txt[1.7.0.9],
80 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.8.txt[1.7.0.8],
81 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.7.txt[1.7.0.7],
82 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.6.txt[1.7.0.6],
83 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.5.txt[1.7.0.5],
84 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.4.txt[1.7.0.4],
85 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.3.txt[1.7.0.3],
86 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.2.txt[1.7.0.2],
87 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.1.txt[1.7.0.1],
88 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.txt[1.7.0].
90 * link:v1.6.6.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.6.3]
93 link:RelNotes/1.6.6.3.txt[1.6.6.3],
94 link:RelNotes/1.6.6.2.txt[1.6.6.2],
95 link:RelNotes/1.6.6.1.txt[1.6.6.1],
96 link:RelNotes/1.6.6.txt[1.6.6].
98 * link:v1.6.5.9/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.5.9]
101 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.9.txt[1.6.5.9],
102 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.8.txt[1.6.5.8],
103 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.7.txt[1.6.5.7],
104 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.6.txt[1.6.5.6],
105 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.5.txt[1.6.5.5],
106 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.4.txt[1.6.5.4],
107 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.3.txt[1.6.5.3],
108 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.2.txt[1.6.5.2],
109 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.1.txt[1.6.5.1],
110 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.txt[1.6.5].
112 * link:v1.6.4.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.4.5]
115 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.5.txt[1.6.4.5],
116 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.4.txt[1.6.4.4],
117 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.3.txt[1.6.4.3],
118 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.2.txt[1.6.4.2],
119 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.1.txt[1.6.4.1],
120 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.txt[1.6.4].
122 * link:v1.6.3.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.3.4]
125 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.4.txt[1.6.3.4],
126 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.3.txt[1.6.3.3],
127 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.2.txt[1.6.3.2],
128 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.1.txt[1.6.3.1],
129 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.txt[1.6.3].
132 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.5.txt[1.6.2.5],
133 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.4.txt[1.6.2.4],
134 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.3.txt[1.6.2.3],
135 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.2.txt[1.6.2.2],
136 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.1.txt[1.6.2.1],
137 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.txt[1.6.2].
139 * link:v1.6.1.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.1.3]
142 link:RelNotes/1.6.1.3.txt[1.6.1.3],
143 link:RelNotes/1.6.1.2.txt[1.6.1.2],
144 link:RelNotes/1.6.1.1.txt[1.6.1.1],
145 link:RelNotes/1.6.1.txt[1.6.1].
147 * link:v1.6.0.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.0.6]
150 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.6.txt[1.6.0.6],
151 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.5.txt[1.6.0.5],
152 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.4.txt[1.6.0.4],
153 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.3.txt[1.6.0.3],
154 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.2.txt[1.6.0.2],
155 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.1.txt[1.6.0.1],
156 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.txt[1.6.0].
158 * link:v1.5.6.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.6.6]
161 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.6.txt[1.5.6.6],
162 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.5.txt[1.5.6.5],
163 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.4.txt[1.5.6.4],
164 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.3.txt[1.5.6.3],
165 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.2.txt[1.5.6.2],
166 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.1.txt[1.5.6.1],
167 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.txt[1.5.6].
169 * link:v1.5.5.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.5.6]
172 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.6.txt[1.5.5.6],
173 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.5.txt[1.5.5.5],
174 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.4.txt[1.5.5.4],
175 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.3.txt[1.5.5.3],
176 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.2.txt[1.5.5.2],
177 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.1.txt[1.5.5.1],
178 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.txt[1.5.5].
180 * link:v1.5.4.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.4.7]
183 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.7.txt[1.5.4.7],
184 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.6.txt[1.5.4.6],
185 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.5.txt[1.5.4.5],
186 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.4.txt[1.5.4.4],
187 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.3.txt[1.5.4.3],
188 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.2.txt[1.5.4.2],
189 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.1.txt[1.5.4.1],
190 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.txt[1.5.4].
192 * link:v1.5.3.8/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.3.8]
195 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.8.txt[1.5.3.8],
196 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.7.txt[1.5.3.7],
197 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.6.txt[1.5.3.6],
198 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.5.txt[1.5.3.5],
199 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.4.txt[1.5.3.4],
200 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.3.txt[1.5.3.3],
201 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.2.txt[1.5.3.2],
202 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.1.txt[1.5.3.1],
203 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.txt[1.5.3].
205 * link:v1.5.2.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.2.5]
208 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.5.txt[1.5.2.5],
209 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.4.txt[1.5.2.4],
210 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.3.txt[1.5.2.3],
211 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.2.txt[1.5.2.2],
212 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.1.txt[1.5.2.1],
213 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.txt[1.5.2].
215 * link:v1.5.1.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.1.6]
218 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.6.txt[1.5.1.6],
219 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.5.txt[1.5.1.5],
220 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.4.txt[1.5.1.4],
221 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.3.txt[1.5.1.3],
222 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.2.txt[1.5.1.2],
223 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.1.txt[1.5.1.1],
224 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.txt[1.5.1].
226 * link:v1.5.0.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.0.7]
229 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.7.txt[1.5.0.7],
230 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.6.txt[1.5.0.6],
231 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.5.txt[1.5.0.5],
232 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.3.txt[1.5.0.3],
233 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.2.txt[1.5.0.2],
234 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.1.txt[1.5.0.1],
235 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.txt[1.5.0].
237 * documentation for release link:v1.4.4.4/git.html[1.4.4.4],
238 link:v1.3.3/git.html[1.3.3],
239 link:v1.2.6/git.html[1.2.6],
240 link:v1.0.13/git.html[1.0.13].
249 Prints the git suite version that the 'git' program came from.
252 Prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used
253 commands. If the option '--all' or '-a' is given then all
254 available commands are printed. If a git command is named this
255 option will bring up the manual page for that command.
257 Other options are available to control how the manual page is
258 displayed. See linkgit:git-help[1] for more information,
259 because `git --help ...` is converted internally into `git
263 Pass a configuration parameter to the command. The value
264 given will override values from configuration files.
265 The <name> is expected in the same format as listed by
266 'git config' (subkeys separated by dots).
268 --exec-path[=<path>]::
269 Path to wherever your core git programs are installed.
270 This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_EXEC_PATH
271 environment variable. If no path is given, 'git' will print
272 the current setting and then exit.
275 Print the path to wherever your git HTML documentation is installed
280 Pipe all output into 'less' (or if set, $PAGER) if standard
281 output is a terminal. This overrides the `pager.<cmd>`
282 configuration options (see the "Configuration Mechanism" section
286 Do not pipe git output into a pager.
289 Set the path to the repository. This can also be controlled by
290 setting the GIT_DIR environment variable. It can be an absolute
291 path or relative path to current working directory.
294 Set the path to the working tree. The value will not be
295 used in combination with repositories found automatically in
296 a .git directory (i.e. $GIT_DIR is not set).
297 This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_WORK_TREE
298 environment variable and the core.worktree configuration
299 variable. It can be an absolute path or relative path to
300 current working directory.
301 Note: If --git-dir or GIT_DIR are specified but none of
302 --work-tree, GIT_WORK_TREE and core.worktree is specified,
303 the current working directory is regarded as the top directory
304 of your working tree.
307 Treat the repository as a bare repository. If GIT_DIR
308 environment is not set, it is set to the current working
311 --no-replace-objects::
312 Do not use replacement refs to replace git objects. See
313 linkgit:git-replace[1] for more information.
316 FURTHER DOCUMENTATION
317 ---------------------
319 See the references above to get started using git. The following is
320 probably more detail than necessary for a first-time user.
322 The link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[git concepts chapter of the
323 user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] both provide
324 introductions to the underlying git architecture.
326 See linkgit:gitworkflows[7] for an overview of recommended workflows.
328 See also the link:howto-index.html[howto] documents for some useful
331 The internals are documented in the
332 link:technical/api-index.html[GIT API documentation].
337 We divide git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level
338 ("plumbing") commands.
340 High-level commands (porcelain)
341 -------------------------------
343 We separate the porcelain commands into the main commands and some
344 ancillary user utilities.
346 Main porcelain commands
347 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
349 include::cmds-mainporcelain.txt[]
355 include::cmds-ancillarymanipulators.txt[]
359 include::cmds-ancillaryinterrogators.txt[]
362 Interacting with Others
363 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
365 These commands are to interact with foreign SCM and with other
366 people via patch over e-mail.
368 include::cmds-foreignscminterface.txt[]
371 Low-level commands (plumbing)
372 -----------------------------
374 Although git includes its
375 own porcelain layer, its low-level commands are sufficient to support
376 development of alternative porcelains. Developers of such porcelains
377 might start by reading about linkgit:git-update-index[1] and
378 linkgit:git-read-tree[1].
380 The interface (input, output, set of options and the semantics)
381 to these low-level commands are meant to be a lot more stable
382 than Porcelain level commands, because these commands are
383 primarily for scripted use. The interface to Porcelain commands
384 on the other hand are subject to change in order to improve the
387 The following description divides
388 the low-level commands into commands that manipulate objects (in
389 the repository, index, and working tree), commands that interrogate and
390 compare objects, and commands that move objects and references between
394 Manipulation commands
395 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
397 include::cmds-plumbingmanipulators.txt[]
400 Interrogation commands
401 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
403 include::cmds-plumbinginterrogators.txt[]
405 In general, the interrogate commands do not touch the files in
409 Synching repositories
410 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
412 include::cmds-synchingrepositories.txt[]
414 The following are helper commands used by the above; end users
415 typically do not use them directly.
417 include::cmds-synchelpers.txt[]
420 Internal helper commands
421 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
423 These are internal helper commands used by other commands; end
424 users typically do not use them directly.
426 include::cmds-purehelpers.txt[]
429 Configuration Mechanism
430 -----------------------
432 Starting from 0.99.9 (actually mid 0.99.8.GIT), `.git/config` file
433 is used to hold per-repository configuration options. It is a
434 simple text file modeled after `.ini` format familiar to some
435 people. Here is an example:
439 # A '#' or ';' character indicates a comment.
444 ; Don't trust file modes
449 name = "Junio C Hamano"
450 email = "junkio@twinsun.com"
454 Various commands read from the configuration file and adjust
455 their operation accordingly. See linkgit:git-config[1] for a
459 Identifier Terminology
460 ----------------------
462 Indicates the object name for any type of object.
465 Indicates a blob object name.
468 Indicates a tree object name.
471 Indicates a commit object name.
474 Indicates a tree, commit or tag object name. A
475 command that takes a <tree-ish> argument ultimately wants to
476 operate on a <tree> object but automatically dereferences
477 <commit> and <tag> objects that point at a <tree>.
480 Indicates a commit or tag object name. A
481 command that takes a <commit-ish> argument ultimately wants to
482 operate on a <commit> object but automatically dereferences
483 <tag> objects that point at a <commit>.
486 Indicates that an object type is required.
487 Currently one of: `blob`, `tree`, `commit`, or `tag`.
490 Indicates a filename - almost always relative to the
491 root of the tree structure `GIT_INDEX_FILE` describes.
495 Any git command accepting any <object> can also use the following
499 indicates the head of the current branch (i.e. the
500 contents of `$GIT_DIR/HEAD`).
504 (i.e. the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags/<tag>`).
508 (i.e. the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/<head>`).
510 For a more complete list of ways to spell object names, see
511 "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
514 File/Directory Structure
515 ------------------------
517 Please see the linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5] document.
519 Read linkgit:githooks[5] for more details about each hook.
521 Higher level SCMs may provide and manage additional information in the
527 Please see linkgit:gitglossary[7].
530 Environment Variables
531 ---------------------
532 Various git commands use the following environment variables:
536 These environment variables apply to 'all' core git commands. Nb: it
537 is worth noting that they may be used/overridden by SCMS sitting above
538 git so take care if using Cogito etc.
541 This environment allows the specification of an alternate
542 index file. If not specified, the default of `$GIT_DIR/index`
545 'GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY'::
546 If the object storage directory is specified via this
547 environment variable then the sha1 directories are created
548 underneath - otherwise the default `$GIT_DIR/objects`
551 'GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES'::
552 Due to the immutable nature of git objects, old objects can be
553 archived into shared, read-only directories. This variable
554 specifies a ":" separated (on Windows ";" separated) list
555 of git object directories which can be used to search for git
556 objects. New objects will not be written to these directories.
559 If the 'GIT_DIR' environment variable is set then it
560 specifies a path to use instead of the default `.git`
561 for the base of the repository.
564 Set the path to the working tree. The value will not be
565 used in combination with repositories found automatically in
566 a .git directory (i.e. $GIT_DIR is not set).
567 This can also be controlled by the '--work-tree' command line
568 option and the core.worktree configuration variable.
570 'GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES'::
571 This should be a colon-separated list of absolute paths.
572 If set, it is a list of directories that git should not chdir
573 up into while looking for a repository directory.
574 It will not exclude the current working directory or
575 a GIT_DIR set on the command line or in the environment.
576 (Useful for excluding slow-loading network directories.)
578 'GIT_DISCOVERY_ACROSS_FILESYSTEM'::
579 When run in a directory that does not have ".git" repository
580 directory, git tries to find such a directory in the parent
581 directories to find the top of the working tree, but by default it
582 does not cross filesystem boundaries. This environment variable
583 can be set to true to tell git not to stop at filesystem
584 boundaries. Like 'GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES', this will not affect
585 an explicit repository directory set via 'GIT_DIR' or on the
593 'GIT_COMMITTER_NAME'::
594 'GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL'::
595 'GIT_COMMITTER_DATE'::
597 see linkgit:git-commit-tree[1]
602 Only valid setting is "--unified=??" or "-u??" to set the
603 number of context lines shown when a unified diff is created.
604 This takes precedence over any "-U" or "--unified" option
605 value passed on the git diff command line.
607 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF'::
608 When the environment variable 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is set, the
609 program named by it is called, instead of the diff invocation
610 described above. For a path that is added, removed, or modified,
611 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called with 7 parameters:
613 path old-file old-hex old-mode new-file new-hex new-mode
617 <old|new>-file:: are files GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF can use to read the
618 contents of <old|new>,
619 <old|new>-hex:: are the 40-hexdigit SHA1 hashes,
620 <old|new>-mode:: are the octal representation of the file modes.
623 The file parameters can point at the user's working file
624 (e.g. `new-file` in "git-diff-files"), `/dev/null` (e.g. `old-file`
625 when a new file is added), or a temporary file (e.g. `old-file` in the
626 index). 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' should not worry about unlinking the
627 temporary file --- it is removed when 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' exits.
629 For a path that is unmerged, 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called with 1
634 'GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY'::
635 A number controlling the amount of output shown by
636 the recursive merge strategy. Overrides merge.verbosity.
637 See linkgit:git-merge[1]
640 This environment variable overrides `$PAGER`. If it is set
641 to an empty string or to the value "cat", git will not launch
642 a pager. See also the `core.pager` option in
643 linkgit:git-config[1].
646 If this environment variable is set then 'git fetch'
647 and 'git push' will use this command instead
648 of 'ssh' when they need to connect to a remote system.
649 The '$GIT_SSH' command will be given exactly two arguments:
650 the 'username@host' (or just 'host') from the URL and the
651 shell command to execute on that remote system.
653 To pass options to the program that you want to list in GIT_SSH
654 you will need to wrap the program and options into a shell script,
655 then set GIT_SSH to refer to the shell script.
657 Usually it is easier to configure any desired options through your
658 personal `.ssh/config` file. Please consult your ssh documentation
662 If this environment variable is set, then git commands which need to
663 acquire passwords or passphrases (e.g. for HTTP or IMAP authentication)
664 will call this program with a suitable prompt as command line argument
665 and read the password from its STDOUT. See also the 'core.askpass'
666 option in linkgit:git-config[1].
669 If this environment variable is set to "1", then commands such
670 as 'git blame' (in incremental mode), 'git rev-list', 'git log',
671 and 'git whatchanged' will force a flush of the output stream
672 after each commit-oriented record have been flushed. If this
673 variable is set to "0", the output of these commands will be done
674 using completely buffered I/O. If this environment variable is
675 not set, git will choose buffered or record-oriented flushing
676 based on whether stdout appears to be redirected to a file or not.
679 If this variable is set to "1", "2" or "true" (comparison
680 is case insensitive), git will print `trace:` messages on
681 stderr telling about alias expansion, built-in command
682 execution and external command execution.
683 If this variable is set to an integer value greater than 1
684 and lower than 10 (strictly) then git will interpret this
685 value as an open file descriptor and will try to write the
686 trace messages into this file descriptor.
687 Alternatively, if this variable is set to an absolute path
688 (starting with a '/' character), git will interpret this
689 as a file path and will try to write the trace messages
692 Discussion[[Discussion]]
693 ------------------------
695 More detail on the following is available from the
696 link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[git concepts chapter of the
697 user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7].
699 A git project normally consists of a working directory with a ".git"
700 subdirectory at the top level. The .git directory contains, among other
701 things, a compressed object database representing the complete history
702 of the project, an "index" file which links that history to the current
703 contents of the working tree, and named pointers into that history such
704 as tags and branch heads.
706 The object database contains objects of three main types: blobs, which
707 hold file data; trees, which point to blobs and other trees to build up
708 directory hierarchies; and commits, which each reference a single tree
709 and some number of parent commits.
711 The commit, equivalent to what other systems call a "changeset" or
712 "version", represents a step in the project's history, and each parent
713 represents an immediately preceding step. Commits with more than one
714 parent represent merges of independent lines of development.
716 All objects are named by the SHA1 hash of their contents, normally
717 written as a string of 40 hex digits. Such names are globally unique.
718 The entire history leading up to a commit can be vouched for by signing
719 just that commit. A fourth object type, the tag, is provided for this
722 When first created, objects are stored in individual files, but for
723 efficiency may later be compressed together into "pack files".
725 Named pointers called refs mark interesting points in history. A ref
726 may contain the SHA1 name of an object or the name of another ref. Refs
727 with names beginning `ref/head/` contain the SHA1 name of the most
728 recent commit (or "head") of a branch under development. SHA1 names of
729 tags of interest are stored under `ref/tags/`. A special ref named
730 `HEAD` contains the name of the currently checked-out branch.
732 The index file is initialized with a list of all paths and, for each
733 path, a blob object and a set of attributes. The blob object represents
734 the contents of the file as of the head of the current branch. The
735 attributes (last modified time, size, etc.) are taken from the
736 corresponding file in the working tree. Subsequent changes to the
737 working tree can be found by comparing these attributes. The index may
738 be updated with new content, and new commits may be created from the
739 content stored in the index.
741 The index is also capable of storing multiple entries (called "stages")
742 for a given pathname. These stages are used to hold the various
743 unmerged version of a file when a merge is in progress.
747 * git's founding father is Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>.
748 * The current git nurse is Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>.
749 * The git potty was written by Andreas Ericsson <ae@op5.se>.
750 * General upbringing is handled by the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
754 The documentation for git suite was started by David Greaves
755 <david@dgreaves.com>, and later enhanced greatly by the
756 contributors on the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
761 Report bugs to the Git mailing list <git@vger.kernel.org> where the
762 development and maintenance is primarily done. You do not have to be
763 subscribed to the list to send a message there.
767 linkgit:gittutorial[7], linkgit:gittutorial-2[7],
768 link:everyday.html[Everyday Git], linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7],
769 linkgit:gitglossary[7], linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7],
770 linkgit:gitcli[7], link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual],
771 linkgit:gitworkflows[7]
775 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite