2 * linux/arch/arm/mm/init.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1995-2005 Russell King
6 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
8 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
10 #include <linux/kernel.h>
11 #include <linux/errno.h>
12 #include <linux/swap.h>
13 #include <linux/init.h>
14 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
15 #include <linux/mman.h>
16 #include <linux/nodemask.h>
17 #include <linux/initrd.h>
18 #include <linux/of_fdt.h>
19 #include <linux/highmem.h>
20 #include <linux/gfp.h>
21 #include <linux/memblock.h>
22 #include <linux/sort.h>
24 #include <asm/mach-types.h>
26 #include <asm/sections.h>
27 #include <asm/setup.h>
28 #include <asm/sizes.h>
30 #include <asm/fixmap.h>
32 #include <asm/mach/arch.h>
33 #include <asm/mach/map.h>
37 static unsigned long phys_initrd_start __initdata
= 0;
38 static unsigned long phys_initrd_size __initdata
= 0;
40 static int __init
early_initrd(char *p
)
42 unsigned long start
, size
;
45 start
= memparse(p
, &endp
);
47 size
= memparse(endp
+ 1, NULL
);
49 phys_initrd_start
= start
;
50 phys_initrd_size
= size
;
54 early_param("initrd", early_initrd
);
56 static int __init
parse_tag_initrd(const struct tag
*tag
)
58 printk(KERN_WARNING
"ATAG_INITRD is deprecated; "
59 "please update your bootloader.\n");
60 phys_initrd_start
= __virt_to_phys(tag
->u
.initrd
.start
);
61 phys_initrd_size
= tag
->u
.initrd
.size
;
65 __tagtable(ATAG_INITRD
, parse_tag_initrd
);
67 static int __init
parse_tag_initrd2(const struct tag
*tag
)
69 phys_initrd_start
= tag
->u
.initrd
.start
;
70 phys_initrd_size
= tag
->u
.initrd
.size
;
74 __tagtable(ATAG_INITRD2
, parse_tag_initrd2
);
76 #ifdef CONFIG_OF_FLATTREE
77 void __init
early_init_dt_setup_initrd_arch(unsigned long start
, unsigned long end
)
79 phys_initrd_start
= start
;
80 phys_initrd_size
= end
- start
;
82 #endif /* CONFIG_OF_FLATTREE */
85 * This keeps memory configuration data used by a couple memory
86 * initialization functions, as well as show_mem() for the skipping
87 * of holes in the memory map. It is populated by arm_add_memory().
89 struct meminfo meminfo
;
91 void show_mem(unsigned int filter
)
93 int free
= 0, total
= 0, reserved
= 0;
94 int shared
= 0, cached
= 0, slab
= 0, i
;
95 struct meminfo
* mi
= &meminfo
;
97 printk("Mem-info:\n");
98 show_free_areas(filter
);
100 for_each_bank (i
, mi
) {
101 struct membank
*bank
= &mi
->bank
[i
];
102 unsigned int pfn1
, pfn2
;
103 struct page
*page
, *end
;
105 pfn1
= bank_pfn_start(bank
);
106 pfn2
= bank_pfn_end(bank
);
108 page
= pfn_to_page(pfn1
);
109 end
= pfn_to_page(pfn2
- 1) + 1;
113 if (PageReserved(page
))
115 else if (PageSwapCache(page
))
117 else if (PageSlab(page
))
119 else if (!page_count(page
))
122 shared
+= page_count(page
) - 1;
124 } while (page
< end
);
127 printk("%d pages of RAM\n", total
);
128 printk("%d free pages\n", free
);
129 printk("%d reserved pages\n", reserved
);
130 printk("%d slab pages\n", slab
);
131 printk("%d pages shared\n", shared
);
132 printk("%d pages swap cached\n", cached
);
135 static void __init
find_limits(unsigned long *min
, unsigned long *max_low
,
136 unsigned long *max_high
)
138 struct meminfo
*mi
= &meminfo
;
142 *max_low
= *max_high
= 0;
144 for_each_bank (i
, mi
) {
145 struct membank
*bank
= &mi
->bank
[i
];
146 unsigned long start
, end
;
148 start
= bank_pfn_start(bank
);
149 end
= bank_pfn_end(bank
);
162 static void __init
arm_bootmem_init(unsigned long start_pfn
,
163 unsigned long end_pfn
)
165 struct memblock_region
*reg
;
166 unsigned int boot_pages
;
171 * Allocate the bootmem bitmap page. This must be in a region
172 * of memory which has already been mapped.
174 boot_pages
= bootmem_bootmap_pages(end_pfn
- start_pfn
);
175 bitmap
= memblock_alloc_base(boot_pages
<< PAGE_SHIFT
, L1_CACHE_BYTES
,
176 __pfn_to_phys(end_pfn
));
179 * Initialise the bootmem allocator, handing the
180 * memory banks over to bootmem.
183 pgdat
= NODE_DATA(0);
184 init_bootmem_node(pgdat
, __phys_to_pfn(bitmap
), start_pfn
, end_pfn
);
186 /* Free the lowmem regions from memblock into bootmem. */
187 for_each_memblock(memory
, reg
) {
188 unsigned long start
= memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg
);
189 unsigned long end
= memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg
);
196 free_bootmem(__pfn_to_phys(start
), (end
- start
) << PAGE_SHIFT
);
199 /* Reserve the lowmem memblock reserved regions in bootmem. */
200 for_each_memblock(reserved
, reg
) {
201 unsigned long start
= memblock_region_reserved_base_pfn(reg
);
202 unsigned long end
= memblock_region_reserved_end_pfn(reg
);
209 reserve_bootmem(__pfn_to_phys(start
),
210 (end
- start
) << PAGE_SHIFT
, BOOTMEM_DEFAULT
);
214 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
215 static void __init
arm_adjust_dma_zone(unsigned long *size
, unsigned long *hole
,
216 unsigned long dma_size
)
218 if (size
[0] <= dma_size
)
221 size
[ZONE_NORMAL
] = size
[0] - dma_size
;
222 size
[ZONE_DMA
] = dma_size
;
223 hole
[ZONE_NORMAL
] = hole
[0];
228 static void __init
arm_bootmem_free(unsigned long min
, unsigned long max_low
,
229 unsigned long max_high
)
231 unsigned long zone_size
[MAX_NR_ZONES
], zhole_size
[MAX_NR_ZONES
];
232 struct memblock_region
*reg
;
235 * initialise the zones.
237 memset(zone_size
, 0, sizeof(zone_size
));
240 * The memory size has already been determined. If we need
241 * to do anything fancy with the allocation of this memory
242 * to the zones, now is the time to do it.
244 zone_size
[0] = max_low
- min
;
245 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
246 zone_size
[ZONE_HIGHMEM
] = max_high
- max_low
;
250 * Calculate the size of the holes.
251 * holes = node_size - sum(bank_sizes)
253 memcpy(zhole_size
, zone_size
, sizeof(zhole_size
));
254 for_each_memblock(memory
, reg
) {
255 unsigned long start
= memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg
);
256 unsigned long end
= memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg
);
258 if (start
< max_low
) {
259 unsigned long low_end
= min(end
, max_low
);
260 zhole_size
[0] -= low_end
- start
;
262 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
264 unsigned long high_start
= max(start
, max_low
);
265 zhole_size
[ZONE_HIGHMEM
] -= end
- high_start
;
270 #ifdef ARM_DMA_ZONE_SIZE
271 #ifndef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
272 #error ARM_DMA_ZONE_SIZE set but no DMA zone to limit allocations
276 * Adjust the sizes according to any special requirements for
279 arm_adjust_dma_zone(zone_size
, zhole_size
,
280 ARM_DMA_ZONE_SIZE
>> PAGE_SHIFT
);
283 free_area_init_node(0, zone_size
, min
, zhole_size
);
286 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_PFN_VALID
287 int pfn_valid(unsigned long pfn
)
289 return memblock_is_memory(pfn
<< PAGE_SHIFT
);
291 EXPORT_SYMBOL(pfn_valid
);
294 #ifndef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
295 static void arm_memory_present(void)
299 static void arm_memory_present(void)
301 struct memblock_region
*reg
;
303 for_each_memblock(memory
, reg
)
304 memory_present(0, memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg
),
305 memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg
));
309 static int __init
meminfo_cmp(const void *_a
, const void *_b
)
311 const struct membank
*a
= _a
, *b
= _b
;
312 long cmp
= bank_pfn_start(a
) - bank_pfn_start(b
);
313 return cmp
< 0 ? -1 : cmp
> 0 ? 1 : 0;
316 void __init
arm_memblock_init(struct meminfo
*mi
, struct machine_desc
*mdesc
)
320 sort(&meminfo
.bank
, meminfo
.nr_banks
, sizeof(meminfo
.bank
[0]), meminfo_cmp
, NULL
);
323 for (i
= 0; i
< mi
->nr_banks
; i
++)
324 memblock_add(mi
->bank
[i
].start
, mi
->bank
[i
].size
);
326 /* Register the kernel text, kernel data and initrd with memblock. */
327 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
328 memblock_reserve(__pa(_sdata
), _end
- _sdata
);
330 memblock_reserve(__pa(_stext
), _end
- _stext
);
332 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
333 if (phys_initrd_size
&&
334 !memblock_is_region_memory(phys_initrd_start
, phys_initrd_size
)) {
335 pr_err("INITRD: 0x%08lx+0x%08lx is not a memory region - disabling initrd\n",
336 phys_initrd_start
, phys_initrd_size
);
337 phys_initrd_start
= phys_initrd_size
= 0;
339 if (phys_initrd_size
&&
340 memblock_is_region_reserved(phys_initrd_start
, phys_initrd_size
)) {
341 pr_err("INITRD: 0x%08lx+0x%08lx overlaps in-use memory region - disabling initrd\n",
342 phys_initrd_start
, phys_initrd_size
);
343 phys_initrd_start
= phys_initrd_size
= 0;
345 if (phys_initrd_size
) {
346 memblock_reserve(phys_initrd_start
, phys_initrd_size
);
348 /* Now convert initrd to virtual addresses */
349 initrd_start
= __phys_to_virt(phys_initrd_start
);
350 initrd_end
= initrd_start
+ phys_initrd_size
;
354 arm_mm_memblock_reserve();
355 arm_dt_memblock_reserve();
357 /* reserve any platform specific memblock areas */
365 void __init
bootmem_init(void)
367 unsigned long min
, max_low
, max_high
;
369 max_low
= max_high
= 0;
371 find_limits(&min
, &max_low
, &max_high
);
373 arm_bootmem_init(min
, max_low
);
376 * Sparsemem tries to allocate bootmem in memory_present(),
377 * so must be done after the fixed reservations
379 arm_memory_present();
382 * sparse_init() needs the bootmem allocator up and running.
387 * Now free the memory - free_area_init_node needs
388 * the sparse mem_map arrays initialized by sparse_init()
389 * for memmap_init_zone(), otherwise all PFNs are invalid.
391 arm_bootmem_free(min
, max_low
, max_high
);
393 high_memory
= __va(((phys_addr_t
)max_low
<< PAGE_SHIFT
) - 1) + 1;
396 * This doesn't seem to be used by the Linux memory manager any
397 * more, but is used by ll_rw_block. If we can get rid of it, we
398 * also get rid of some of the stuff above as well.
400 * Note: max_low_pfn and max_pfn reflect the number of _pages_ in
401 * the system, not the maximum PFN.
403 max_low_pfn
= max_low
- PHYS_PFN_OFFSET
;
404 max_pfn
= max_high
- PHYS_PFN_OFFSET
;
407 static inline int free_area(unsigned long pfn
, unsigned long end
, char *s
)
409 unsigned int pages
= 0, size
= (end
- pfn
) << (PAGE_SHIFT
- 10);
411 for (; pfn
< end
; pfn
++) {
412 struct page
*page
= pfn_to_page(pfn
);
413 ClearPageReserved(page
);
414 init_page_count(page
);
420 printk(KERN_INFO
"Freeing %s memory: %dK\n", s
, size
);
426 free_memmap(unsigned long start_pfn
, unsigned long end_pfn
)
428 struct page
*start_pg
, *end_pg
;
429 unsigned long pg
, pgend
;
432 * Convert start_pfn/end_pfn to a struct page pointer.
434 start_pg
= pfn_to_page(start_pfn
- 1) + 1;
435 end_pg
= pfn_to_page(end_pfn
- 1) + 1;
438 * Convert to physical addresses, and
439 * round start upwards and end downwards.
441 pg
= (unsigned long)PAGE_ALIGN(__pa(start_pg
));
442 pgend
= (unsigned long)__pa(end_pg
) & PAGE_MASK
;
445 * If there are free pages between these,
446 * free the section of the memmap array.
449 free_bootmem(pg
, pgend
- pg
);
453 * The mem_map array can get very big. Free the unused area of the memory map.
455 static void __init
free_unused_memmap(struct meminfo
*mi
)
457 unsigned long bank_start
, prev_bank_end
= 0;
461 * This relies on each bank being in address order.
462 * The banks are sorted previously in bootmem_init().
464 for_each_bank(i
, mi
) {
465 struct membank
*bank
= &mi
->bank
[i
];
467 bank_start
= bank_pfn_start(bank
);
469 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
471 * Take care not to free memmap entries that don't exist
472 * due to SPARSEMEM sections which aren't present.
474 bank_start
= min(bank_start
,
475 ALIGN(prev_bank_end
, PAGES_PER_SECTION
));
478 * If we had a previous bank, and there is a space
479 * between the current bank and the previous, free it.
481 if (prev_bank_end
&& prev_bank_end
< bank_start
)
482 free_memmap(prev_bank_end
, bank_start
);
485 * Align up here since the VM subsystem insists that the
486 * memmap entries are valid from the bank end aligned to
487 * MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES.
489 prev_bank_end
= ALIGN(bank_pfn_end(bank
), MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES
);
492 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
493 if (!IS_ALIGNED(prev_bank_end
, PAGES_PER_SECTION
))
494 free_memmap(prev_bank_end
,
495 ALIGN(prev_bank_end
, PAGES_PER_SECTION
));
499 static void __init
free_highpages(void)
501 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
502 unsigned long max_low
= max_low_pfn
+ PHYS_PFN_OFFSET
;
503 struct memblock_region
*mem
, *res
;
505 /* set highmem page free */
506 for_each_memblock(memory
, mem
) {
507 unsigned long start
= memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(mem
);
508 unsigned long end
= memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(mem
);
510 /* Ignore complete lowmem entries */
514 /* Truncate partial highmem entries */
518 /* Find and exclude any reserved regions */
519 for_each_memblock(reserved
, res
) {
520 unsigned long res_start
, res_end
;
522 res_start
= memblock_region_reserved_base_pfn(res
);
523 res_end
= memblock_region_reserved_end_pfn(res
);
527 if (res_start
< start
)
533 if (res_start
!= start
)
534 totalhigh_pages
+= free_area(start
, res_start
,
541 /* And now free anything which remains */
543 totalhigh_pages
+= free_area(start
, end
, NULL
);
545 totalram_pages
+= totalhigh_pages
;
550 * mem_init() marks the free areas in the mem_map and tells us how much
551 * memory is free. This is done after various parts of the system have
552 * claimed their memory after the kernel image.
554 void __init
mem_init(void)
556 unsigned long reserved_pages
, free_pages
;
557 struct memblock_region
*reg
;
559 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
560 /* These pointers are filled in on TCM detection */
565 max_mapnr
= pfn_to_page(max_pfn
+ PHYS_PFN_OFFSET
) - mem_map
;
567 /* this will put all unused low memory onto the freelists */
568 free_unused_memmap(&meminfo
);
570 totalram_pages
+= free_all_bootmem();
573 /* now that our DMA memory is actually so designated, we can free it */
574 totalram_pages
+= free_area(PHYS_PFN_OFFSET
,
575 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(swapper_pg_dir
)), NULL
);
580 reserved_pages
= free_pages
= 0;
582 for_each_bank(i
, &meminfo
) {
583 struct membank
*bank
= &meminfo
.bank
[i
];
584 unsigned int pfn1
, pfn2
;
585 struct page
*page
, *end
;
587 pfn1
= bank_pfn_start(bank
);
588 pfn2
= bank_pfn_end(bank
);
590 page
= pfn_to_page(pfn1
);
591 end
= pfn_to_page(pfn2
- 1) + 1;
594 if (PageReserved(page
))
596 else if (!page_count(page
))
599 } while (page
< end
);
603 * Since our memory may not be contiguous, calculate the
604 * real number of pages we have in this system
606 printk(KERN_INFO
"Memory:");
608 for_each_memblock(memory
, reg
) {
609 unsigned long pages
= memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg
) -
610 memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg
);
611 num_physpages
+= pages
;
612 printk(" %ldMB", pages
>> (20 - PAGE_SHIFT
));
614 printk(" = %luMB total\n", num_physpages
>> (20 - PAGE_SHIFT
));
616 printk(KERN_NOTICE
"Memory: %luk/%luk available, %luk reserved, %luK highmem\n",
617 nr_free_pages() << (PAGE_SHIFT
-10),
618 free_pages
<< (PAGE_SHIFT
-10),
619 reserved_pages
<< (PAGE_SHIFT
-10),
620 totalhigh_pages
<< (PAGE_SHIFT
-10));
622 #define MLK(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 10
623 #define MLM(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 20
624 #define MLK_ROUNDUP(b, t) b, t, DIV_ROUND_UP(((t) - (b)), SZ_1K)
626 printk(KERN_NOTICE
"Virtual kernel memory layout:\n"
627 " vector : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
628 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
629 " DTCM : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
630 " ITCM : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
632 " fixmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
634 " DMA : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
636 " vmalloc : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
637 " lowmem : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
638 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
639 " pkmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
641 " modules : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
642 " .init : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
643 " .text : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
644 " .data : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
645 " .bss : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n",
647 MLK(UL(CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE
), UL(CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE
) +
649 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
650 MLK(DTCM_OFFSET
, (unsigned long) dtcm_end
),
651 MLK(ITCM_OFFSET
, (unsigned long) itcm_end
),
653 MLK(FIXADDR_START
, FIXADDR_TOP
),
655 MLM(CONSISTENT_BASE
, CONSISTENT_END
),
657 MLM(VMALLOC_START
, VMALLOC_END
),
658 MLM(PAGE_OFFSET
, (unsigned long)high_memory
),
659 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
660 MLM(PKMAP_BASE
, (PKMAP_BASE
) + (LAST_PKMAP
) *
663 MLM(MODULES_VADDR
, MODULES_END
),
665 MLK_ROUNDUP(__init_begin
, __init_end
),
666 MLK_ROUNDUP(_text
, _etext
),
667 MLK_ROUNDUP(_sdata
, _edata
),
668 MLK_ROUNDUP(__bss_start
, __bss_stop
));
675 * Check boundaries twice: Some fundamental inconsistencies can
676 * be detected at build time already.
679 BUILD_BUG_ON(VMALLOC_END
> CONSISTENT_BASE
);
680 BUG_ON(VMALLOC_END
> CONSISTENT_BASE
);
682 BUILD_BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE
> MODULES_VADDR
);
683 BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE
> MODULES_VADDR
);
686 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
687 BUILD_BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE
+ LAST_PKMAP
* PAGE_SIZE
> PAGE_OFFSET
);
688 BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE
+ LAST_PKMAP
* PAGE_SIZE
> PAGE_OFFSET
);
691 if (PAGE_SIZE
>= 16384 && num_physpages
<= 128) {
692 extern int sysctl_overcommit_memory
;
694 * On a machine this small we won't get
695 * anywhere without overcommit, so turn
698 sysctl_overcommit_memory
= OVERCOMMIT_ALWAYS
;
702 void free_initmem(void)
704 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
705 extern char __tcm_start
, __tcm_end
;
707 totalram_pages
+= free_area(__phys_to_pfn(__pa(&__tcm_start
)),
708 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(&__tcm_end
)),
712 if (!machine_is_integrator() && !machine_is_cintegrator())
713 totalram_pages
+= free_area(__phys_to_pfn(__pa(__init_begin
)),
714 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(__init_end
)),
718 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
720 static int keep_initrd
;
722 void free_initrd_mem(unsigned long start
, unsigned long end
)
725 totalram_pages
+= free_area(__phys_to_pfn(__pa(start
)),
726 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(end
)),
730 static int __init
keepinitrd_setup(char *__unused
)
736 __setup("keepinitrd", keepinitrd_setup
);