1 .. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
2 .. document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
3 .. Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software
4 .. Foundation, with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts
5 .. and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included at
6 .. Documentation/userspace-api/media/fdl-appendix.rst.
8 .. TODO: replace it to GFDL-1.1-or-later WITH no-invariant-sections
10 .. _libv4l-introduction:
16 libv4l is a collection of libraries which adds a thin abstraction layer
17 on top of video4linux2 devices. The purpose of this (thin) layer is to
18 make it easy for application writers to support a wide variety of
19 devices without having to write separate code for different devices in
22 An example of using libv4l is provided by
23 :ref:`v4l2grab <v4l2grab-example>`.
25 libv4l consists of 3 different libraries:
31 libv4lconvert is a library that converts several different pixelformats
32 found in V4L2 drivers into a few common RGB and YUY formats.
34 It currently accepts the following V4L2 driver formats:
35 :ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGR24 <V4L2-PIX-FMT-BGR24>`,
36 :ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_HM12 <V4L2-PIX-FMT-HM12>`,
37 :ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_JPEG <V4L2-PIX-FMT-JPEG>`,
38 :ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_MJPEG <V4L2-PIX-FMT-MJPEG>`,
39 :ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_MR97310A <V4L2-PIX-FMT-MR97310A>`,
40 :ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_OV511 <V4L2-PIX-FMT-OV511>`,
41 :ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_OV518 <V4L2-PIX-FMT-OV518>`,
42 :ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_PAC207 <V4L2-PIX-FMT-PAC207>`,
43 :ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_PJPG <V4L2-PIX-FMT-PJPG>`,
44 :ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB24 <V4L2-PIX-FMT-RGB24>`,
45 :ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_SBGGR8 <V4L2-PIX-FMT-SBGGR8>`,
46 :ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGBRG8 <V4L2-PIX-FMT-SGBRG8>`,
47 :ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGRBG8 <V4L2-PIX-FMT-SGRBG8>`,
48 :ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_SN9C10X <V4L2-PIX-FMT-SN9C10X>`,
49 :ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_SN9C20X_I420 <V4L2-PIX-FMT-SN9C20X-I420>`,
50 :ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_SPCA501 <V4L2-PIX-FMT-SPCA501>`,
51 :ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_SPCA505 <V4L2-PIX-FMT-SPCA505>`,
52 :ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_SPCA508 <V4L2-PIX-FMT-SPCA508>`,
53 :ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_SPCA561 <V4L2-PIX-FMT-SPCA561>`,
54 :ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_SQ905C <V4L2-PIX-FMT-SQ905C>`,
55 :ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_SRGGB8 <V4L2-PIX-FMT-SRGGB8>`,
56 :ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_UYVY <V4L2-PIX-FMT-UYVY>`,
57 :ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV420 <V4L2-PIX-FMT-YUV420>`,
58 :ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUYV <V4L2-PIX-FMT-YUYV>`,
59 :ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVU420 <V4L2-PIX-FMT-YVU420>`, and
60 :ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVYU <V4L2-PIX-FMT-YVYU>`.
62 Later on libv4lconvert was expanded to also be able to do various video
63 processing functions to improve webcam video quality. The video
64 processing is split in to 2 parts: libv4lconvert/control and
65 libv4lconvert/processing.
67 The control part is used to offer video controls which can be used to
68 control the video processing functions made available by
69 libv4lconvert/processing. These controls are stored application wide
70 (until reboot) by using a persistent shared memory object.
72 libv4lconvert/processing offers the actual video processing
79 This library offers functions that can be used to quickly make v4l1
80 applications work with v4l2 devices. These functions work exactly like
81 the normal open/close/etc, except that libv4l1 does full emulation of
82 the v4l1 api on top of v4l2 drivers, in case of v4l1 drivers it will
83 just pass calls through.
85 Since those functions are emulations of the old V4L1 API, it shouldn't
86 be used for new applications.
92 This library should be used for all modern V4L2 applications.
94 It provides handles to call V4L2 open/ioctl/close/poll methods. Instead
95 of just providing the raw output of the device, it enhances the calls in
96 the sense that it will use libv4lconvert to provide more video formats
97 and to enhance the image quality.
99 In most cases, libv4l2 just passes the calls directly through to the
100 v4l2 driver, intercepting the calls to
101 :ref:`VIDIOC_TRY_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>`,
102 :ref:`VIDIOC_G_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>`,
103 :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>`,
104 :ref:`VIDIOC_ENUM_FRAMESIZES <VIDIOC_ENUM_FRAMESIZES>` and
105 :ref:`VIDIOC_ENUM_FRAMEINTERVALS <VIDIOC_ENUM_FRAMEINTERVALS>` in
106 order to emulate the formats
107 :ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGR24 <V4L2-PIX-FMT-BGR24>`,
108 :ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB24 <V4L2-PIX-FMT-RGB24>`,
109 :ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV420 <V4L2-PIX-FMT-YUV420>`, and
110 :ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVU420 <V4L2-PIX-FMT-YVU420>`, if they aren't
111 available in the driver. :ref:`VIDIOC_ENUM_FMT <VIDIOC_ENUM_FMT>`
112 keeps enumerating the hardware supported formats, plus the emulated
113 formats offered by libv4l at the end.
118 Libv4l device control functions
119 -------------------------------
121 The common file operation methods are provided by libv4l.
123 Those functions operate just like the gcc function ``dup()`` and
125 :c:func:`open() <v4l2-open>`, :c:func:`close() <v4l2-close>`,
126 :c:func:`ioctl() <v4l2-ioctl>`, :c:func:`read() <v4l2-read>`,
127 :c:func:`mmap() <v4l2-mmap>` and :c:func:`munmap() <v4l2-munmap>`:
129 .. c:function:: int v4l2_open(const char *file, int oflag, ...)
131 operates like the :c:func:`open() <v4l2-open>` function.
133 .. c:function:: int v4l2_close(int fd)
135 operates like the :c:func:`close() <v4l2-close>` function.
137 .. c:function:: int v4l2_dup(int fd)
139 operates like the libc ``dup()`` function, duplicating a file handler.
141 .. c:function:: int v4l2_ioctl (int fd, unsigned long int request, ...)
143 operates like the :c:func:`ioctl() <v4l2-ioctl>` function.
145 .. c:function:: int v4l2_read (int fd, void* buffer, size_t n)
147 operates like the :c:func:`read() <v4l2-read>` function.
149 .. c:function:: void v4l2_mmap(void *start, size_t length, int prot, int flags, int fd, int64_t offset);
151 operates like the :c:func:`munmap() <v4l2-munmap>` function.
153 .. c:function:: int v4l2_munmap(void *_start, size_t length);
155 operates like the :c:func:`munmap() <v4l2-munmap>` function.
157 Those functions provide additional control:
159 .. c:function:: int v4l2_fd_open(int fd, int v4l2_flags)
161 opens an already opened fd for further use through v4l2lib and possibly
162 modify libv4l2's default behavior through the ``v4l2_flags`` argument.
163 Currently, ``v4l2_flags`` can be ``V4L2_DISABLE_CONVERSION``, to disable
166 .. c:function:: int v4l2_set_control(int fd, int cid, int value)
168 This function takes a value of 0 - 65535, and then scales that range to the
169 actual range of the given v4l control id, and then if the cid exists and is
170 not locked sets the cid to the scaled value.
172 .. c:function:: int v4l2_get_control(int fd, int cid)
174 This function returns a value of 0 - 65535, scaled to from the actual range
175 of the given v4l control id. when the cid does not exist, could not be
176 accessed for some reason, or some error occurred 0 is returned.
179 v4l1compat.so wrapper library
180 =============================
182 This library intercepts calls to
183 :c:func:`open() <v4l2-open>`, :c:func:`close() <v4l2-close>`,
184 :c:func:`ioctl() <v4l2-ioctl>`, :c:func:`mmap() <v4l2-mmap>` and
185 :c:func:`munmap() <v4l2-munmap>`
186 operations and redirects them to the libv4l counterparts, by using
187 ``LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/v4l1compat.so``. It also emulates V4L1 calls via V4L2
190 It allows usage of binary legacy applications that still don't use