1 //===- BranchRelaxation.cpp -----------------------------------------------===//
3 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
4 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
5 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
7 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
9 #include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
10 #include "llvm/ADT/Statistic.h"
11 #include "llvm/CodeGen/LivePhysRegs.h"
12 #include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineBasicBlock.h"
13 #include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineFunction.h"
14 #include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineFunctionPass.h"
15 #include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineInstr.h"
16 #include "llvm/CodeGen/RegisterScavenging.h"
17 #include "llvm/CodeGen/TargetInstrInfo.h"
18 #include "llvm/CodeGen/TargetRegisterInfo.h"
19 #include "llvm/CodeGen/TargetSubtargetInfo.h"
20 #include "llvm/Config/llvm-config.h"
21 #include "llvm/IR/DebugLoc.h"
22 #include "llvm/Pass.h"
23 #include "llvm/Support/Compiler.h"
24 #include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
25 #include "llvm/Support/Format.h"
26 #include "llvm/Support/MathExtras.h"
27 #include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
35 #define DEBUG_TYPE "branch-relaxation"
37 STATISTIC(NumSplit
, "Number of basic blocks split");
38 STATISTIC(NumConditionalRelaxed
, "Number of conditional branches relaxed");
39 STATISTIC(NumUnconditionalRelaxed
, "Number of unconditional branches relaxed");
41 #define BRANCH_RELAX_NAME "Branch relaxation pass"
45 class BranchRelaxation
: public MachineFunctionPass
{
46 /// BasicBlockInfo - Information about the offset and size of a single
48 struct BasicBlockInfo
{
49 /// Offset - Distance from the beginning of the function to the beginning
50 /// of this basic block.
52 /// The offset is always aligned as required by the basic block.
55 /// Size - Size of the basic block in bytes. If the block contains
56 /// inline assembly, this is a worst case estimate.
58 /// The size does not include any alignment padding whether from the
59 /// beginning of the block, or from an aligned jump table at the end.
62 BasicBlockInfo() = default;
64 /// Compute the offset immediately following this block. \p MBB is the next
66 unsigned postOffset(const MachineBasicBlock
&MBB
) const {
67 unsigned PO
= Offset
+ Size
;
68 unsigned Align
= MBB
.getAlignment();
72 unsigned AlignAmt
= 1 << Align
;
73 unsigned ParentAlign
= MBB
.getParent()->getAlignment();
74 if (Align
<= ParentAlign
)
75 return PO
+ OffsetToAlignment(PO
, AlignAmt
);
77 // The alignment of this MBB is larger than the function's alignment, so we
78 // can't tell whether or not it will insert nops. Assume that it will.
79 return PO
+ AlignAmt
+ OffsetToAlignment(PO
, AlignAmt
);
83 SmallVector
<BasicBlockInfo
, 16> BlockInfo
;
84 std::unique_ptr
<RegScavenger
> RS
;
85 LivePhysRegs LiveRegs
;
88 const TargetRegisterInfo
*TRI
;
89 const TargetInstrInfo
*TII
;
91 bool relaxBranchInstructions();
94 MachineBasicBlock
*createNewBlockAfter(MachineBasicBlock
&BB
);
96 MachineBasicBlock
*splitBlockBeforeInstr(MachineInstr
&MI
,
97 MachineBasicBlock
*DestBB
);
98 void adjustBlockOffsets(MachineBasicBlock
&Start
);
99 bool isBlockInRange(const MachineInstr
&MI
, const MachineBasicBlock
&BB
) const;
101 bool fixupConditionalBranch(MachineInstr
&MI
);
102 bool fixupUnconditionalBranch(MachineInstr
&MI
);
103 uint64_t computeBlockSize(const MachineBasicBlock
&MBB
) const;
104 unsigned getInstrOffset(const MachineInstr
&MI
) const;
111 BranchRelaxation() : MachineFunctionPass(ID
) {}
113 bool runOnMachineFunction(MachineFunction
&MF
) override
;
115 StringRef
getPassName() const override
{ return BRANCH_RELAX_NAME
; }
118 } // end anonymous namespace
120 char BranchRelaxation::ID
= 0;
122 char &llvm::BranchRelaxationPassID
= BranchRelaxation::ID
;
124 INITIALIZE_PASS(BranchRelaxation
, DEBUG_TYPE
, BRANCH_RELAX_NAME
, false, false)
126 /// verify - check BBOffsets, BBSizes, alignment of islands
127 void BranchRelaxation::verify() {
129 unsigned PrevNum
= MF
->begin()->getNumber();
130 for (MachineBasicBlock
&MBB
: *MF
) {
131 unsigned Align
= MBB
.getAlignment();
132 unsigned Num
= MBB
.getNumber();
133 assert(BlockInfo
[Num
].Offset
% (1u << Align
) == 0);
134 assert(!Num
|| BlockInfo
[PrevNum
].postOffset(MBB
) <= BlockInfo
[Num
].Offset
);
135 assert(BlockInfo
[Num
].Size
== computeBlockSize(MBB
));
141 #if !defined(NDEBUG) || defined(LLVM_ENABLE_DUMP)
142 /// print block size and offset information - debugging
143 LLVM_DUMP_METHOD
void BranchRelaxation::dumpBBs() {
144 for (auto &MBB
: *MF
) {
145 const BasicBlockInfo
&BBI
= BlockInfo
[MBB
.getNumber()];
146 dbgs() << format("%bb.%u\toffset=%08x\t", MBB
.getNumber(), BBI
.Offset
)
147 << format("size=%#x\n", BBI
.Size
);
152 /// scanFunction - Do the initial scan of the function, building up
153 /// information about each block.
154 void BranchRelaxation::scanFunction() {
156 BlockInfo
.resize(MF
->getNumBlockIDs());
158 // First thing, compute the size of all basic blocks, and see if the function
159 // has any inline assembly in it. If so, we have to be conservative about
160 // alignment assumptions, as we don't know for sure the size of any
161 // instructions in the inline assembly.
162 for (MachineBasicBlock
&MBB
: *MF
)
163 BlockInfo
[MBB
.getNumber()].Size
= computeBlockSize(MBB
);
165 // Compute block offsets and known bits.
166 adjustBlockOffsets(*MF
->begin());
169 /// computeBlockSize - Compute the size for MBB.
170 uint64_t BranchRelaxation::computeBlockSize(const MachineBasicBlock
&MBB
) const {
172 for (const MachineInstr
&MI
: MBB
)
173 Size
+= TII
->getInstSizeInBytes(MI
);
177 /// getInstrOffset - Return the current offset of the specified machine
178 /// instruction from the start of the function. This offset changes as stuff is
179 /// moved around inside the function.
180 unsigned BranchRelaxation::getInstrOffset(const MachineInstr
&MI
) const {
181 const MachineBasicBlock
*MBB
= MI
.getParent();
183 // The offset is composed of two things: the sum of the sizes of all MBB's
184 // before this instruction's block, and the offset from the start of the block
186 unsigned Offset
= BlockInfo
[MBB
->getNumber()].Offset
;
188 // Sum instructions before MI in MBB.
189 for (MachineBasicBlock::const_iterator I
= MBB
->begin(); &*I
!= &MI
; ++I
) {
190 assert(I
!= MBB
->end() && "Didn't find MI in its own basic block?");
191 Offset
+= TII
->getInstSizeInBytes(*I
);
197 void BranchRelaxation::adjustBlockOffsets(MachineBasicBlock
&Start
) {
198 unsigned PrevNum
= Start
.getNumber();
199 for (auto &MBB
: make_range(MachineFunction::iterator(Start
), MF
->end())) {
200 unsigned Num
= MBB
.getNumber();
201 if (!Num
) // block zero is never changed from offset zero.
203 // Get the offset and known bits at the end of the layout predecessor.
204 // Include the alignment of the current block.
205 BlockInfo
[Num
].Offset
= BlockInfo
[PrevNum
].postOffset(MBB
);
211 /// Insert a new empty basic block and insert it after \BB
212 MachineBasicBlock
*BranchRelaxation::createNewBlockAfter(MachineBasicBlock
&BB
) {
213 // Create a new MBB for the code after the OrigBB.
214 MachineBasicBlock
*NewBB
=
215 MF
->CreateMachineBasicBlock(BB
.getBasicBlock());
216 MF
->insert(++BB
.getIterator(), NewBB
);
218 // Insert an entry into BlockInfo to align it properly with the block numbers.
219 BlockInfo
.insert(BlockInfo
.begin() + NewBB
->getNumber(), BasicBlockInfo());
224 /// Split the basic block containing MI into two blocks, which are joined by
225 /// an unconditional branch. Update data structures and renumber blocks to
226 /// account for this change and returns the newly created block.
227 MachineBasicBlock
*BranchRelaxation::splitBlockBeforeInstr(MachineInstr
&MI
,
228 MachineBasicBlock
*DestBB
) {
229 MachineBasicBlock
*OrigBB
= MI
.getParent();
231 // Create a new MBB for the code after the OrigBB.
232 MachineBasicBlock
*NewBB
=
233 MF
->CreateMachineBasicBlock(OrigBB
->getBasicBlock());
234 MF
->insert(++OrigBB
->getIterator(), NewBB
);
236 // Splice the instructions starting with MI over to NewBB.
237 NewBB
->splice(NewBB
->end(), OrigBB
, MI
.getIterator(), OrigBB
->end());
239 // Add an unconditional branch from OrigBB to NewBB.
240 // Note the new unconditional branch is not being recorded.
241 // There doesn't seem to be meaningful DebugInfo available; this doesn't
242 // correspond to anything in the source.
243 TII
->insertUnconditionalBranch(*OrigBB
, NewBB
, DebugLoc());
245 // Insert an entry into BlockInfo to align it properly with the block numbers.
246 BlockInfo
.insert(BlockInfo
.begin() + NewBB
->getNumber(), BasicBlockInfo());
248 NewBB
->transferSuccessors(OrigBB
);
249 OrigBB
->addSuccessor(NewBB
);
250 OrigBB
->addSuccessor(DestBB
);
252 // Cleanup potential unconditional branch to successor block.
253 // Note that updateTerminator may change the size of the blocks.
254 NewBB
->updateTerminator();
255 OrigBB
->updateTerminator();
257 // Figure out how large the OrigBB is. As the first half of the original
258 // block, it cannot contain a tablejump. The size includes
259 // the new jump we added. (It should be possible to do this without
260 // recounting everything, but it's very confusing, and this is rarely
262 BlockInfo
[OrigBB
->getNumber()].Size
= computeBlockSize(*OrigBB
);
264 // Figure out how large the NewMBB is. As the second half of the original
265 // block, it may contain a tablejump.
266 BlockInfo
[NewBB
->getNumber()].Size
= computeBlockSize(*NewBB
);
268 // All BBOffsets following these blocks must be modified.
269 adjustBlockOffsets(*OrigBB
);
271 // Need to fix live-in lists if we track liveness.
272 if (TRI
->trackLivenessAfterRegAlloc(*MF
))
273 computeAndAddLiveIns(LiveRegs
, *NewBB
);
280 /// isBlockInRange - Returns true if the distance between specific MI and
281 /// specific BB can fit in MI's displacement field.
282 bool BranchRelaxation::isBlockInRange(
283 const MachineInstr
&MI
, const MachineBasicBlock
&DestBB
) const {
284 int64_t BrOffset
= getInstrOffset(MI
);
285 int64_t DestOffset
= BlockInfo
[DestBB
.getNumber()].Offset
;
287 if (TII
->isBranchOffsetInRange(MI
.getOpcode(), DestOffset
- BrOffset
))
290 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Out of range branch to destination "
291 << printMBBReference(DestBB
) << " from "
292 << printMBBReference(*MI
.getParent()) << " to "
293 << DestOffset
<< " offset " << DestOffset
- BrOffset
<< '\t'
299 /// fixupConditionalBranch - Fix up a conditional branch whose destination is
300 /// too far away to fit in its displacement field. It is converted to an inverse
301 /// conditional branch + an unconditional branch to the destination.
302 bool BranchRelaxation::fixupConditionalBranch(MachineInstr
&MI
) {
303 DebugLoc DL
= MI
.getDebugLoc();
304 MachineBasicBlock
*MBB
= MI
.getParent();
305 MachineBasicBlock
*TBB
= nullptr, *FBB
= nullptr;
306 MachineBasicBlock
*NewBB
= nullptr;
307 SmallVector
<MachineOperand
, 4> Cond
;
309 auto insertUncondBranch
= [&](MachineBasicBlock
*MBB
,
310 MachineBasicBlock
*DestBB
) {
311 unsigned &BBSize
= BlockInfo
[MBB
->getNumber()].Size
;
313 TII
->insertUnconditionalBranch(*MBB
, DestBB
, DL
, &NewBrSize
);
316 auto insertBranch
= [&](MachineBasicBlock
*MBB
, MachineBasicBlock
*TBB
,
317 MachineBasicBlock
*FBB
,
318 SmallVectorImpl
<MachineOperand
>& Cond
) {
319 unsigned &BBSize
= BlockInfo
[MBB
->getNumber()].Size
;
321 TII
->insertBranch(*MBB
, TBB
, FBB
, Cond
, DL
, &NewBrSize
);
324 auto removeBranch
= [&](MachineBasicBlock
*MBB
) {
325 unsigned &BBSize
= BlockInfo
[MBB
->getNumber()].Size
;
327 TII
->removeBranch(*MBB
, &RemovedSize
);
328 BBSize
-= RemovedSize
;
331 auto finalizeBlockChanges
= [&](MachineBasicBlock
*MBB
,
332 MachineBasicBlock
*NewBB
) {
333 // Keep the block offsets up to date.
334 adjustBlockOffsets(*MBB
);
336 // Need to fix live-in lists if we track liveness.
337 if (NewBB
&& TRI
->trackLivenessAfterRegAlloc(*MF
))
338 computeAndAddLiveIns(LiveRegs
, *NewBB
);
341 bool Fail
= TII
->analyzeBranch(*MBB
, TBB
, FBB
, Cond
);
342 assert(!Fail
&& "branches to be relaxed must be analyzable");
345 // Add an unconditional branch to the destination and invert the branch
346 // condition to jump over it:
353 bool ReversedCond
= !TII
->reverseBranchCondition(Cond
);
355 if (FBB
&& isBlockInRange(MI
, *FBB
)) {
356 // Last MI in the BB is an unconditional branch. We can simply invert the
357 // condition and swap destinations:
363 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Invert condition and swap "
364 "its destination with "
368 insertBranch(MBB
, FBB
, TBB
, Cond
);
369 finalizeBlockChanges(MBB
, nullptr);
373 // We need to split the basic block here to obtain two long-range
374 // unconditional branches.
375 NewBB
= createNewBlockAfter(*MBB
);
377 insertUncondBranch(NewBB
, FBB
);
378 // Update the succesor lists according to the transformation to follow.
379 // Do it here since if there's no split, no update is needed.
380 MBB
->replaceSuccessor(FBB
, NewBB
);
381 NewBB
->addSuccessor(FBB
);
384 // We now have an appropriate fall-through block in place (either naturally or
385 // just created), so we can use the inverted the condition.
386 MachineBasicBlock
&NextBB
= *std::next(MachineFunction::iterator(MBB
));
388 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Insert B to " << printMBBReference(*TBB
)
389 << ", invert condition and change dest. to "
390 << printMBBReference(NextBB
) << '\n');
393 // Insert a new conditional branch and a new unconditional branch.
394 insertBranch(MBB
, &NextBB
, TBB
, Cond
);
396 finalizeBlockChanges(MBB
, NewBB
);
399 // Branch cond can't be inverted.
400 // In this case we always add a block after the MBB.
401 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " The branch condition can't be inverted. "
402 << " Insert a new BB after " << MBB
->back());
405 FBB
= &(*std::next(MachineFunction::iterator(MBB
)));
407 // This is the block with cond. branch and the distance to TBB is too long.
411 // We do the following transformation:
418 NewBB
= createNewBlockAfter(*MBB
);
419 insertUncondBranch(NewBB
, TBB
);
421 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Insert cond B to the new BB "
422 << printMBBReference(*NewBB
)
423 << " Keep the exiting condition.\n"
424 << " Insert B to " << printMBBReference(*FBB
) << ".\n"
425 << " In the new BB: Insert B to "
426 << printMBBReference(*TBB
) << ".\n");
428 // Update the successor lists according to the transformation to follow.
429 MBB
->replaceSuccessor(TBB
, NewBB
);
430 NewBB
->addSuccessor(TBB
);
432 // Replace branch in the current (MBB) block.
434 insertBranch(MBB
, NewBB
, FBB
, Cond
);
436 finalizeBlockChanges(MBB
, NewBB
);
440 bool BranchRelaxation::fixupUnconditionalBranch(MachineInstr
&MI
) {
441 MachineBasicBlock
*MBB
= MI
.getParent();
443 unsigned OldBrSize
= TII
->getInstSizeInBytes(MI
);
444 MachineBasicBlock
*DestBB
= TII
->getBranchDestBlock(MI
);
446 int64_t DestOffset
= BlockInfo
[DestBB
->getNumber()].Offset
;
447 int64_t SrcOffset
= getInstrOffset(MI
);
449 assert(!TII
->isBranchOffsetInRange(MI
.getOpcode(), DestOffset
- SrcOffset
));
451 BlockInfo
[MBB
->getNumber()].Size
-= OldBrSize
;
453 MachineBasicBlock
*BranchBB
= MBB
;
455 // If this was an expanded conditional branch, there is already a single
456 // unconditional branch in a block.
458 BranchBB
= createNewBlockAfter(*MBB
);
461 for (const MachineBasicBlock
*Succ
: MBB
->successors()) {
462 for (const MachineBasicBlock::RegisterMaskPair
&LiveIn
: Succ
->liveins())
463 BranchBB
->addLiveIn(LiveIn
);
466 BranchBB
->sortUniqueLiveIns();
467 BranchBB
->addSuccessor(DestBB
);
468 MBB
->replaceSuccessor(DestBB
, BranchBB
);
471 DebugLoc DL
= MI
.getDebugLoc();
472 MI
.eraseFromParent();
473 BlockInfo
[BranchBB
->getNumber()].Size
+= TII
->insertIndirectBranch(
474 *BranchBB
, *DestBB
, DL
, DestOffset
- SrcOffset
, RS
.get());
476 adjustBlockOffsets(*MBB
);
480 bool BranchRelaxation::relaxBranchInstructions() {
481 bool Changed
= false;
483 // Relaxing branches involves creating new basic blocks, so re-eval
484 // end() for termination.
485 for (MachineFunction::iterator I
= MF
->begin(); I
!= MF
->end(); ++I
) {
486 MachineBasicBlock
&MBB
= *I
;
489 MachineBasicBlock::iterator Last
= MBB
.getLastNonDebugInstr();
490 if (Last
== MBB
.end())
493 // Expand the unconditional branch first if necessary. If there is a
494 // conditional branch, this will end up changing the branch destination of
495 // it to be over the newly inserted indirect branch block, which may avoid
496 // the need to try expanding the conditional branch first, saving an extra
498 if (Last
->isUnconditionalBranch()) {
499 // Unconditional branch destination might be unanalyzable, assume these
501 if (MachineBasicBlock
*DestBB
= TII
->getBranchDestBlock(*Last
)) {
502 if (!isBlockInRange(*Last
, *DestBB
)) {
503 fixupUnconditionalBranch(*Last
);
504 ++NumUnconditionalRelaxed
;
510 // Loop over the conditional branches.
511 MachineBasicBlock::iterator Next
;
512 for (MachineBasicBlock::iterator J
= MBB
.getFirstTerminator();
513 J
!= MBB
.end(); J
= Next
) {
515 MachineInstr
&MI
= *J
;
517 if (MI
.isConditionalBranch()) {
518 MachineBasicBlock
*DestBB
= TII
->getBranchDestBlock(MI
);
519 if (!isBlockInRange(MI
, *DestBB
)) {
520 if (Next
!= MBB
.end() && Next
->isConditionalBranch()) {
521 // If there are multiple conditional branches, this isn't an
522 // analyzable block. Split later terminators into a new block so
523 // each one will be analyzable.
525 splitBlockBeforeInstr(*Next
, DestBB
);
527 fixupConditionalBranch(MI
);
528 ++NumConditionalRelaxed
;
533 // This may have modified all of the terminators, so start over.
534 Next
= MBB
.getFirstTerminator();
543 bool BranchRelaxation::runOnMachineFunction(MachineFunction
&mf
) {
546 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "***** BranchRelaxation *****\n");
548 const TargetSubtargetInfo
&ST
= MF
->getSubtarget();
549 TII
= ST
.getInstrInfo();
551 TRI
= ST
.getRegisterInfo();
552 if (TRI
->trackLivenessAfterRegAlloc(*MF
))
553 RS
.reset(new RegScavenger());
555 // Renumber all of the machine basic blocks in the function, guaranteeing that
556 // the numbers agree with the position of the block in the function.
557 MF
->RenumberBlocks();
559 // Do the initial scan of the function, building up information about the
560 // sizes of each block.
563 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Basic blocks before relaxation\n"; dumpBBs(););
565 bool MadeChange
= false;
566 while (relaxBranchInstructions())
569 // After a while, this might be made debug-only, but it is not expensive.
572 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Basic blocks after relaxation\n\n"; dumpBBs());