1 W e l c o m e t o S - n a i l / S - m a i l x
2 ===============================================
4 S-nail (later S-mailx) provides a simple and friendly environment for
5 sending and receiving mail. It is intended to provide the functionality
6 of the POSIX mailx(1) command, but is MIME capable and optionally offers
7 extensions for line editing, S/MIME, SMTP and POP3, among others.
8 It divides incoming mail into its constituent messages and allows the
9 user to deal with them in any order, offers many commands and variables
10 for manipulating messages and sending mail, as well as line editing, and
11 increasingly powerful scripting capabilities.
13 Please refer to the file INSTALL for build and installation remarks,
14 and to NEWS for release update information. The file THANKS mentions
15 people who have helped improving and deserve acknowledgement.
17 This software originates in the codebase of Heirloom mailx, formerly
18 known as nail, which itself is based upon Berkeley Mail that has
19 a history back to 1978, and which has been written to replace Unix mail,
20 a program that already shipped with First Edition Unix from 1971 --
21 M. Douglas McIlroy writes in his article "A Research UNIX Reader:
22 Annotated Excerpts from the Programmer's Manual, 1971-1986":
24 MAIL (v1 page 21, v7 page 22)
25 Electronic mail was there from the start. Never satisfied with its
26 exact behavior, everybody touched it at one time or another: to
27 assure the safety of simultaneous access, to improve privacy, to
28 survive crashes, to exploit uucp, to screen out foreign freeloaders,
29 or whatever. Not until v7 did the interface change (Thompson). [.]
40 Our latest release can be downloaded at [1], and the fully cross-
41 referenced manual can also be viewed as HTML online[2].
42 There are browsable git(1) repositories at sdaoden.eu[3] (use [4] for
43 cloning purposes), with mirrors at Sourceforge[5] and repo.or.cz[6].
45 [1] https?://ftp.sdaoden.eu/s-nail-latest.tar.{gz,xz}{,.asc}
46 [2] https?://www.sdaoden.eu/code.html#s-mailx
47 [3] https?://git.sdaoden.eu/browse/s-nail.git
48 [4] https?://git.sdaoden.eu/scm/s-nail.git
49 [5] https?://sourceforge.net/projects/s-nail
50 [6] https?://repo.or.cz/s-mailx.git
52 We have a mailing list[7] with moderated unsubscribed posting possi-
53 bilities; subscriptions can be managed via web interface[8] (it is
54 a GNU Mailman list, so posting to LISTNAME-request@ and the subject
55 "subscribe" will also do). We have a browser-accessible and searchable
56 archive[9], and The Mail Archive is so kind and offers it, with all its
57 services, too [10]! For example, i have subscribed the RSS feed that
58 The Mail Archive produces to Gwene.org[11]. And Gmane.org was so kind
59 and took us, we are here[12]. Thanks to all of you!
61 Commits to the [master], [release/*] and [stable/*] branches are
62 posted to [13], and announcements will also be posted to [14], both
63 are receive-only mailing-lists.
65 Note: mailing list related URLs etc. may change after the v14.9.20
66 release, please look at the web page shall the below not work!
68 [7] s-mailx@lists.sdaoden.eu
69 [8] https://lists.sdaoden.eu/mailman/listinfo.cgi/s-mailx
70 [9] https://lists.sdaoden.eu/pipermail/s-mailx/
71 [10] https://www.mail-archive.com/s-mailx@lists.sdaoden.eu/
72 [11] news.gwene.org/gwene.mail.s-mailx
73 [12] news.gmane.org/gmane.mail.s-mailx.general
74 [13] https://lists.sdaoden.eu/mailman/listinfo.cgi/s-mailx-commit
75 [14] https://lists.sdaoden.eu/mailman/listinfo.cgi/s-announce
77 Our heraldic animal snailmail.jpg had been found at [+1].
80 [+1] http://cdn.whatculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/snailmail.jpg
85 To create a full clone of the repository, with all the data and history:
87 $ git clone https://git.sdaoden.eu/scm/s-nail.git
89 With a newer git(1), and only tracking the latest stable branch:
91 $ git clone --single-branch --branch=stable/latest \
92 https://git.sdaoden.eu/scm/s-nail.git
94 Or, being selective, also with older git(1)s:
99 $ git remote add origin -t 'release/*' -t stable/stable -t master \
100 https://git.sdaoden.eu/scm/s-nail.git
103 And then, assuming the last had been done:
105 $ # Show all releases
106 $ git log --no-walk --decorate --oneline --branches='release/*' --
107 $ # Check out the latest release, and verify the signature
108 $ git checkout release/latest
109 $ git log --oneline --show-signature --max-count=1 HEAD
110 $ make all && sudo make install
116 A new branch within release/ is created for every release, for
117 example [release/v14.8.10]. History will not be rewritten.
119 These branches consist of one signed commit, and is used for the
120 signed release tag, vMAJOR.MINOR.UPDATE.ar (.ar for "archive").
121 The commit as such covers the data modifications that make up
122 a release (release date fixation, manual preprocessing, removal of
123 data which does not make sense in release tarballs, ..).
125 All this is not true for older releases, the new repository layout
126 was introduced after v14.8.10. But it used [timeline] as a source
127 for most references, therefore the signed tag v14.8.7.ar protects
128 all elder references within [release/]:
130 $ git describe --contains heads/release/v1.3.0
133 - [release/latest] and [release/stable]
134 "Symbolic links" to the latest and stable, respectively, release
138 A new branch within stable/ will be created for each new minor
139 version, e.g., [stable/v14.8]. History will not be rewritten.
141 These are the de-facto [master] branches for their respective minor
142 release, which extend for the full lifetime of the said, e.g., the
143 branch [stable/v14.7] has been created once the v14.7.0 release was
144 made, and it extends until the release of v14.7.11, the last v14.7
147 Once the time for a new release has come, the head of such a stable
148 branch will gain a signed commit and a signed stable tag,
149 vMAJOR.MINOR.UPDATE, and then be used as the source for a new branch
152 Packagers who want to include all the bugfixes when they eventually
153 iterate their package can create local "packager releases" with the
154 "grappa" mode of the script mk/make-release.sh. With it, they can
155 track the stable/ branch of desire, and have a [myrelease] branch
156 where the local releases are made. This needs an installed s-nail,
157 git(1), quite some other commands including a C99-capable $CC (see
158 mk/make-release.inc head, section "# Program stuff"), and optionally
159 perl(1). For example:
162 $ git checkout stable/stable
163 $ sh mk/make-release.sh grappa myrel # myrel created as necessary
164 Preparing a release on commit [.]
165 Grappa to be brought from stable/stable to myrel
166 Program version is [.], packager release addition shall be: 2
167 Is s-nail <v[.]-2> correct? [y/n] y
168 Switched to branch 'myrel'
170 $ git commit -S -n -m 'My release [.]-2'
172 - [stable/latest] and [stable/stable]
173 "Symbolic links" to the latest and stable, respectively, stable
176 These are possibly what users should track which want to have the
177 newest non-release bugfixes and stable, backward-compatible commits.
180 Rooted on top of [heirloom]. It gains only stable, but possibly
181 backward-incompatible changes (usually mentioned on the ML), and
182 will be used to create new entries in stable/. It may gain signed
183 commits for sealing purposes from time to time.
184 History will not be rewritten.
187 Rooted on top of [master], this consists of a furious mixture of
188 commits that eventually end up in [master]. Daring users may give
189 this branch a try, but bugs and temporary nonstarters have to be
193 Developer chaos. (Distributed horror backup - do not use!)
196 This branch contains the test output files. The test itself only
197 tests checksums, the full output is for development reference
200 - [unix-mail,bsd-Mail,timeline]
201 Sketchy efforts to collect the complete history of Unix mail and
202 its successor, BSD Mail. Anything from the pre-nail era has been
203 taken from CSRG and TUHS, for nail and Heirloom mailx i have used
206 The [timeline] branch was the original effort, and it will be
207 continuously extended whenever new releases will be made, but its
208 history will not be rewritten, which is why it is a sketchy effort.
209 The [unix-mail] and [bsd-Mail] branches have been added later, and
210 will hopefully offer the most complete picture possible as time goes
211 by (not taking into account the "nupas" effort of Research Unix,
212 though) -- this means their history may change, but all commits are
213 signed with an OpenPGP key.
216 A full git(1) cvsimport of the Heirloom mailx(1) cvs(1) repository
217 that ends with a tag named s-nail.
222 - CVE-2004-2771, and CVE-2014-7844.
223 http://seclists.org/oss-sec/2014/q4/1066.
224 Fixed in: v14.7.9 (on day of announcement on oss-sec)
225 Note: Affected all BSD Mail-based codebases.
229 Fixed in: v14.8.16 (on day of disclosure)
230 P.S.: helper program renamed to -dotlock.
232 > vulnerability in the setuid root helper binary
234 > The problem is that an O_EXCL file is created with a user controlled
235 > path because the di.di_hostname and di.di_randstr are never checked.
236 > This means that using s-nail-privsep a normal user can create a file
237 > anywhere on the filesystem, which is a security problem.
242 Unix mail seems to have been written mostly by Ken Thompson.
244 Berkeley Mail was (according to def.h) developed by Kurt Shoens, dated
245 March 25, 1978. According to the CSRG commit log authors of BSD mail in
246 the time span 1980-10-08 to 1995-05-01 were, in order of appearance
247 (commit count): Kurt Shoens (379), Kirk McKusick (50), Carl Smith (16),
248 Bill Bush (2), Eric Allman (6), Craig Leres (43), Sam Leffler (51),
249 Ralph Campbell (21), Serge Granik (28), Edward Wang (253),
250 Donn Seeley (1), Jay Lepreau (3), Jim Bloom (1), Anne Hughes (2),
251 Kevin Dunlap (34), Keith Bostic (253), Mike Karels (1), Cael Staelin (6)
252 and Dave Borman (17). One commit by Charlie Root, 36 by "dist".
254 Official BSD Mail development ceased in 1995 according to the CSRG
255 (Berkeley's Computer Systems Research Group) repository. Mail has then
256 seen further development in open source BSD variants, noticeably by
257 Christos Zoulas in NetBSD.
259 Gunnar Ritter reused that codebase when he started developing nail in
260 February 2000, and incorporated numerous patches from OpenBSD, NetBSD,
261 RedHat and Debian. He added MIME code, network protocol support, and
262 POSIX conformance improvements. In March 2006, he integrated that
263 program into the Heirloom project, renaming it to Heirloom mailx, the
264 development of which ceased in 2008.
266 In 2012 Steffen (Daode) Nurpmeso adopted the codebase as S-nail.
267 We try to end up as S-mailx.