1 .\" $OpenBSD: SSL_CTX_set_generate_session_id.3,v 1.2 2016/11/30 18:07:12 schwarze Exp $
2 .\" OpenSSL b97fdb57 Nov 11 09:33:09 2016 +0100
4 .\" This file was written by Lutz Jaenicke <jaenicke@openssl.org>.
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51 .Dd $Mdocdate: November 30 2016 $
52 .Dt SSL_CTX_SET_GENERATE_SESSION_ID 3
55 .Nm SSL_CTX_set_generate_session_id ,
56 .Nm SSL_set_generate_session_id ,
57 .Nm SSL_has_matching_session_id
58 .Nd manipulate generation of SSL session IDs (server only)
64 .Fa "unsigned char *id"
65 .Fa "unsigned int *id_len"
68 .Fn SSL_CTX_set_generate_session_id "SSL_CTX *ctx" "GEN_SESSION_CB cb"
70 .Fn SSL_set_generate_session_id "SSL *ssl" "GEN_SESSION_CB" "cb);"
72 .Fo SSL_has_matching_session_id
73 .Fa "const SSL *ssl" "const unsigned char *id" "unsigned int id_len"
76 .Fn SSL_CTX_set_generate_session_id
77 sets the callback function for generating new session ids for SSL/TLS sessions
83 .Fn SSL_set_generate_session_id
84 sets the callback function for generating new session ids for SSL/TLS sessions
90 .Fn SSL_has_matching_session_id
91 checks, whether a session with id
95 is already contained in the internal session cache
96 of the parent context of
99 When a new session is established between client and server,
100 the server generates a session id.
101 The session id is an arbitrary sequence of bytes.
102 The length of the session id is between 1 and 32 bytes.
103 The session id is not security critical but must be unique for the server.
104 Additionally, the session id is transmitted in the clear when reusing the
105 session so it must not contain sensitive information.
107 Without a callback being set, an OpenSSL server will generate a unique session
108 id from pseudo random numbers of the maximum possible length.
109 Using the callback function, the session id can be changed to contain
110 additional information like, e.g., a host id in order to improve load balancing
111 or external caching techniques.
113 The callback function receives a pointer to the memory location to put
115 into and a pointer to the maximum allowed length
117 The buffer at location
119 is only guaranteed to have the size
121 The callback is only allowed to generate a shorter id and reduce
127 or write to the location
129 exceeding the given limit.
133 is filled with 0x00 before the callback is called,
134 so the callback may only fill part of the possible length and leave
136 untouched while maintaining reproducibility.
138 Since the sessions must be distinguished, session ids must be unique.
139 Without the callback a random number is used,
140 so that the probability of generating the same session id is extremely small
142 In order to ensure the uniqueness of the generated session id,
143 the callback must call
144 .Fn SSL_has_matching_session_id
145 and generate another id if a conflict occurs.
146 If an id conflict is not resolved, the handshake will fail.
147 If the application codes, e.g., a unique host id, a unique process number, and
148 a unique sequence number into the session id, uniqueness could easily be
149 achieved without randomness added (it should however be taken care that
150 no confidential information is leaked this way).
151 If the application cannot guarantee uniqueness,
152 it is recommended to use the maximum
154 and fill in the bytes not used to code special information with random data to
157 .Fn SSL_has_matching_session_id
158 will only query the internal session cache, not the external one.
159 Since the session id is generated before the handshake is completed,
160 it is not immediately added to the cache.
161 If another thread is using the same internal session cache,
162 a race condition can occur in that another thread generates the same session id.
163 Collisions can also occur when using an external session cache,
164 since the external cache is not tested with
165 .Fn SSL_has_matching_session_id
166 and the same race condition applies.
168 The callback must return 0 if it cannot generate a session id for whatever
169 reason and return 1 on success.
171 .Fn SSL_CTX_set_generate_session_id
173 .Fn SSL_set_generate_session_id
176 .Fn SSL_has_matching_session_id
177 returns 1 if another session with the same id is already in the cache.
179 The callback function listed will generate a session id with the server id
180 given, and will fill the rest with pseudo random bytes:
182 const char session_id_prefix = "www-18";
184 #define MAX_SESSION_ID_ATTEMPTS 10
186 generate_session_id(const SSL *ssl, unsigned char *id,
187 unsigned int *id_len)
189 unsigned int count = 0;
192 RAND_pseudo_bytes(id, *id_len);
194 * Prefix the session_id with the required prefix. NB: If
195 * our prefix is too long, clip it \(en but there will be
196 * worse effects anyway, e.g., the server could only
197 * possibly create one session ID (the prefix!) so all
198 * future session negotiations will fail due to conflicts.
200 memcpy(id, session_id_prefix,
201 (strlen(session_id_prefix) < *id_len) ?
202 strlen(session_id_prefix) : *id_len);
203 } while (SSL_has_matching_session_id(ssl, id, *id_len) &&
204 (++count < MAX_SESSION_ID_ATTEMPTS));
206 if (count >= MAX_SESSION_ID_ATTEMPTS)
213 .Xr SSL_get_version 3
215 .Fn SSL_CTX_set_generate_session_id ,
216 .Fn SSL_set_generate_session_id
218 .Fn SSL_has_matching_session_id
219 were introduced in OpenSSL 0.9.7.